Among patients who had multivessel coronary disease and acute myocardial infarction with cardiogenic shock, the 30-day risk of death or renal-replacement therapy was lower among those who underwent ...PCI of the culprit lesion only than among those who underwent multivessel PCI.
Energy minimization is one of the properties that make univariate splines so favorable in many problems of approximation and estimation; interpolation in and extrapolation from sparse data sites and ...smoothing of noisy data in particular. In this paper, we present a novel approach to approximate energy minimization on certain classes of submanifolds that gives rise to new methods for extrapolation and smoothing on submanifolds. To accomplish this, we minimize intrinsic functionals approximately by minimising a suitable extrinsic formulation of the functional augmented by a penalty on the first order normal derivative. The general framework we develop is accompanied by error analysis and exemplified by tensor product B-splines.
ABSTRACTThe coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has threatened millions of lives worldwide with severe systemic inflammation, organ dysfunction, and thromboembolic disease. Within our ...institution, many critically ill COVID-19 positive patients suffered major thrombotic events, prompting our clinicians to evaluate hypercoagulability outside of traditional coagulation testing.We determined the prevalence of fibrinolysis shutdown via rotational thromboelastometry (ROTEM, Instrumentation Laboratories, Bedford, MA) in patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) over a period of 3 weeks. In 21 patients who had a ROTEM test, we found that eleven (52.4%) met the criteria for fibrinolysis shutdown. Nine patients (42.9%) were diagnosed with venous thromboembolic (VTE) events during their admission. Eight of 9 (89%) of the VTE patients met criteria for fibrinolysis shutdown.Given the high rate of fibrinolysis shutdown in these patients, our data support using viscoelastic testing to evaluate for the presence of impaired fibrinolysis. This may help identify patient subsets who might benefit from the administration of fibrinolytics.
In recent years, a wealth of studies has examined the relationships between a host and its microbiome across diverse taxa. Many studies characterize the host microbiome without considering the ...ecological processes that underpin microbiome assembly. In this study, the intestinal microbiota of Atlantic salmon,
, sampled from farmed and wild environments was first characterized using 16S rRNA gene MiSeq sequencing analysis. We used neutral community models to determine the balance of stochastic and deterministic processes that underpin microbial community assembly and transfer across life cycle stage and between gut compartments. Across gut compartments in farmed fish, neutral models suggest that most microbes are transient with no evidence of adaptation to their environment. In wild fish, we found declining taxonomic and functional microbial community richness as fish mature through different life cycle stages. Alongside neutral community models applied to wild fish, we suggest that declining richness demonstrates an increasing role for the host in filtering microbial communities that is correlated with age. We found a limited subset of gut microflora adapted to the farmed and wild host environment among which
spp. are prominent. Our study reveals the ecological drivers underpinning community assembly in both farmed and wild Atlantic salmon and underlines the importance of understanding the role of stochastic processes, such as random drift and small migration rates in microbial community assembly, before considering any functional role of the gut microbes encountered.
A growing number of studies have examined variation in the microbiome to determine the role in modulating host health, physiology, and ecology. However, the ecology of host microbial colonization is not fully understood and rarely tested. The continued increase in production of farmed Atlantic salmon, coupled with increased farmed-wild salmon interactions, has accentuated the need to unravel the potential adaptive function of the microbiome and to distinguish resident from transient gut microbes. Between gut compartments in a farmed system, we found a majority of operational taxonomic units (OTUs) that fit the neutral model, with
species among the key exceptions. In wild fish, deterministic processes account for more OTU differences across life stages than those observed across gut compartments. Unlike previous studies, our results make detailed comparisons between fish from wild and farmed environments, while also providing insight into the ecological processes underpinning microbial community assembly in this ecologically and economically important species.
In this paper, we present a generalization of Lehmann’s approach for solving approximation problems on hypersurfaces to situations with arbitrary codimension. We show that as in the case of ...hypersurfaces, the method is able to transfer approximation orders from the ambient space to the submanifold. In particular, the resulting approximant is
C
m
-
2
and the error decays at an optimal
h
m
for tensor product B-splines of order
m
. Additionally, the method is easily implemented and comes with an optimal computational expense when applying quasi interpolation techniques. Applications include, in particular, surfaces embedded into
R
4
but not into
R
3
.
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•A two-site meanfield extended microkinetic mechanism is developed.•The mechanism describes the methane oxidation kinetics over PdO.•In situ DRIFTS measurements identify surface ...species during methane oxidation.•A degree of oxidation model is developed to describe the methane conversion hysteresis.•A reaction path analysis reveals different catalytic cycles at specific conditions.
A two-site mean field extended microkinetic model was developed based on DFT data to investigate the methane oxidation reaction over PdO(1 0 1) for environmental applications at atmospheric to moderate pressures, fuel-lean and low-temperature model exhaust gas conditions. The mechanism includes various carbonaceous pathways for methane oxidation together with lattice oxygen vacancy formation via Mars-van-Krevelen steps. The mechanism was compared with catalytic light-off curves (573–823 K) on a Pd/Al2O3 coated on monolith for CH4/O2/H2O/N2 mixtures with 1000 ppm CH4, 10 vol% O2 at varying H2O feed concentration (0–12 vol%) and pressure (1–4 bar). The mechanism was demonstrated to quantitatively reproduce experimental light-off curves for dry and wet feeds and capture the water inhibition phenomena, when catalyst deactivation and/or particle size dependent kinetic effects are taken into account. A degree of rate control analysis reveals dissociative CH4 adsorption via hydrogen abstraction over Pdcus-Ocus site-pairs as the major rate controlling step during light-off. Supplementary in situ DRIFTS investigations analyzed for dry and wet reactive gas-mixtures containing different types of C1-fuels, namely methane, methanol and formic acid were conducted to identify surface species during catalytic methane oxidation and hydroxide formation.
In this paper, we present a novel approach to the approximate solution of elliptic partial differential equations on compact submanifolds of
ℝ
d
, particularly compact surfaces and the surface ...equation
Δ
M
u
−
λ
u
=
f
. In the course of this, we reconsider differential operators on such submanifolds to deduce suitable penalty based functionals. These functionals are based on the residual of the equation in an integral representation, extended by a penalty on the first-order normal derivative. The general framework we develop is accompanied by error analysis and exemplified by numerical examples employing tensor product B-splines.
Seafloor sediment flows (turbidity currents) are among the volumetrically most important yet least documented sediment transport processes on Earth. A scarcity of direct observations means that basic ...characteristics, such as whether flows are entirely dilute or driven by a dense basal layer, remain equivocal. Here we present the most detailed direct observations yet from oceanic turbidity currents. These powerful events in Monterey Canyon have frontal speeds of up to 7.2 m s
, and carry heavy (800 kg) objects at speeds of ≥4 m s
. We infer they consist of fast and dense near-bed layers, caused by remobilization of the seafloor, overlain by dilute clouds that outrun the dense layer. Seabed remobilization probably results from disturbance and liquefaction of loose-packed canyon-floor sand. Surprisingly, not all flows correlate with major perturbations such as storms, floods or earthquakes. We therefore provide a new view of sediment transport through submarine canyons into the deep-sea.
Medulloblastoma (MB) is a highly malignant pediatric brain tumor. Despite aggressive therapy, many patients succumb to the disease, and survivors experience severe side effects from treatment. ...MYC-driven MB has a particularly poor prognosis and would greatly benefit from more effective therapies. We used an animal model of MYC-driven MB to screen for drugs that decrease viability of tumor cells. Among the most effective compounds were histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACIs). HDACIs potently inhibit survival of MYC-driven MB cells in vitro, in part by inducing expression of the FOXO1 tumor suppressor gene. HDACIs also synergize with phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase inhibitors to inhibit tumor growth in vivo. These studies identify an effective combination therapy for the most aggressive form of MB.
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•High-throughput screening identifies inhibitors of MYC-driven MB•HDACIs inhibit growth of murine and human MYC-driven MB cells•HDACIs and PI3KIs cooperate to activate FOXO1 and suppress tumor growth in vitro•HDACIs and PI3KIs inhibit growth of MYC-driven tumors in vivo
MYC-driven medulloblastoma (MB) has a poor prognosis. Pei et al. report that HDAC inhibitors potently inhibit MYC-driven MB cell growth in vitro, in part by inducing the expression of FOXO1, and synergize with PI3K inhibitors to inhibit tumor growth in vivo.
Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) is a frequent complication in patients with sepsis and is associated with increased mortality. Anticoagulant therapy may be appropriate for certain ...patients with DIC, particularly those with increased disease severity and deficiency in the physiologic anticoagulant antithrombin. We retrospectively analyzed post-marketing survey data from 1562 patients with sepsis-associated DIC and antithrombin activity of 70% or less. All the patients were treated with antithrombin concentrates. Baseline sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) score, DIC score, and antithrombin activity were assessed. Cox multivariate regression analysis, Kaplan-Meier curve analysis, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis were performed to evaluate the performance of variables used to assess mortality. Furthermore, a decision tree was constructed to classify the risk of 28-day mortality. COX multivariate regression analysis demonstrated a significant association of age, sex, baseline SOFA score, baseline antithrombin activity, and the presence of pneumonia or skin/soft tissue infection with increased mortality. The area under the curve of SOFA score or antithrombin activity for mortality was 0.700 and 0.614, respectively. Kaplan-Meier analysis demonstrated that mortality was significantly higher in patients with SOFA score ≥ 12 and antithrombin activity < 47%. The decision tree analysis accurately classified the risk of death into high (> 40%), medium (40%-20%), and low (< 20%) categories in 86.1% of the cohort. Twenty eight-day mortality can be strongly predicted using baseline SOFA score, antithrombin activity, infection site, age, and sex as variables in the clinical decision tree for patients with sepsis-associated disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC).
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