This research establishes attitude ambivalence as an explanation for previous inconsistent results concerning two-sided messages' effectiveness. The results of a regression study show that the more ...ambivalence a two-sided message evokes, the less effective it is in terms of attitudes and intentions (study 1a). In a second study (study 1b), we validate this effect in a between-subjects factorial design, and confirm that when a two-sided message evokes high (vs. low) ambivalence, message effectiveness deteriorates. Study 2 shows that these dire effects of high ambivalence in two-sided messages can be resolved by explicitly refuting the negative attributes in the message. Refutational messages overcome the negative effects of high ambivalence on attitudes and intentions. This research advances and deepens literature on message sidedness and refutational messages, while also offering practical recommendations on how to remedy cases of high ambivalence in two-sided messages.
•This research studies consumer responses to biophilic design in consumer environments.•Consumer environments rich in biophilic design elicit the friluftsliv response.•Friluftsliv response: ...connection to place, blend of drive and contentment reactions.•Friluftsliv response fosters affective modulation by balancing drive and contentment.•Biophilic design reduces situational consumer anxiety and increases retailer choice.
It is well documented that context and physical surroundings impact consumers. However, little is known about how to direct the overall design of an environment to enhance consumer experience. Evidence suggests that design principles that tap into the benefits of response to nature may serve to improve the well-being of people in the environment. While research on the implications of such design for consumer responses is growing, a conceptual framework that delineates these responses and their effects on experience has not been established. The current research develops, proposes, and tests a conceptual framework for consumer responses to environments that incorporate materials, textures, shapes, colors, and patterns that quote nature. It shows that when present in a consumer context, these biophilic design elements elicit what we label the friluftsliv response: a response characterized by a positive connection to place that elicits both drive and contentment-based affective reactions. The results indicate that consumer environments rich in biophilic design elements can positively influence important marketing variables, such as situational consumer anxiety and retailer choice.
Food purchasing and consumption behaviors have implications for nutrition and obesity. Food retail environments, in particular, shape customer food choices and energy intake. The marketing literature ...offers insights about how public health practitioners can work within food retail environments to encourage healthy food choices. We reviewed experimental studies in the marketing literature to examine factors influencing customer purchase intentions and choice for food products in retail stores. Database searches were conducted in February 2016 for original, empirical articles published in English from 2000⁻2015 in marketing journals. Each research article included at least one experimental design study conducted in a real or simulated retail environment with purchase intentions or choice of food products as an outcome variable. Backward and forward reference searches were conducted for articles meeting inclusion criteria. Narrative synthesis methods were used to thematically group and summarize the findings of forty-one articles that met inclusion criteria into three categories: shelf display and product factors, pricing and price promotion factors, and in-store and customer decision-making factors. This research contributes to the literature by providing specific and actionable approaches that can increase/decrease customer purchase intentions and choice for food products in retail environments. Translating marketing strategies into public health applications can provide recommendations for future intervention research and policy related to customer food purchasing behavior.
Tobacco promotion is prolific on social media, with each platform setting their own restrictions on tobacco promotion and sales. We evaluated the policies related to tobacco product promotion and ...sales on 11 sites that are popular with youth in May 2021: Discord, Facebook, Instagram, Pinterest, Reddit, Snapchat, TikTok, Tumblr, Twitch, Twitter and YouTube. Nine of the 11 sites prohibited
for tobacco products. However, only three of them clearly prohibited
(ie, social influencers) that promotes tobacco. Six platforms restricted content that
and three tried to
to content that promotes or sells tobacco products. Although most platform policies prohibited paid tobacco advertising, few addressed more novel strategies, such as sponsored/influencer content and few had age-gating to prevent youth access. There is a pressing need to regulate tobacco promotion on social media platforms.
•Product placement in music videos is a growing promotional strategy.•This experiment exposed participants to e-cigarette product placement.•E-cigarette product placement in music videos impacted ...e-cigarette susceptibility.•Young adults who have never used e-cigarettes may be vulnerable to these promotions.
Product placement in music videos is a growing promotional strategy. This study examined the impact of e-cigarette product placement and imagery in music videos on susceptibility to use e-cigarettes among young adults.
A non-probability sample of young adults (18 to 24) in Southern California were recruited to participate in an experiment over Zoom. Participants were randomized into a treatment or a control group. The treatment group watched seven music videos with e-cigarette product placement and imagery. The control group watched the same seven music videos with all e-cigarette product placement and imagery digitally removed. Participants completed a questionnaire after watching the music videos. The focus of the analysis was on susceptibility to use e-cigarettes in the future among never users (n = 303).
Participants in the treatment group who had never used e-cigarettes were more likely to report intentions to try e-cigarettes in the future (OR = 1.94, 95% CI 1.08, 3.54, compared to participants in the control group. Participants in the treatment group who had never used e-cigarettes were more likely to report peer influence (OR = 1.97, 95% CI 1.19, 3.32, compared to participants in the control group. While these subitems of susceptibility to use e-cigarettes were statistically significant, the relationship between the treatment group and the composite measure of susceptibility was not.
Exposure to e-cigarette product placement in music videos may increase young adults’ intentions to try e-cigarettes in the future. Federal, state, and local tobacco control regulatory bodies should consider strategies to reduce e-cigarette product placement in music videos.
Screen time is associated with substance use risk among adolescents; however, less is known about the underlying factors that explain this association. Methods: This research examined anhedonia, a ...facet of depression noted by the reduced capacity to experience pleasure, as a mediating factor in the relationship between screen time (hours spent watching television, using internet, and/or playing video games outside of school) and substance use (alcohol and/or cigarettes). We used a longitudinal survey design among a sample of students aged 9–11 years in the 4th to 6th grades in Southern California, United States of America N = 709 (354 males). Results: Structural equation modeling (SEM) findings revealed longitudinal mediation effects of anhedonia on the association between screen time and substance use, while controlling for baseline screen time, baseline individual and peer substance use, race/ethnicity, and gender. Moderation analysis based on a multiple-group approach revealed that gender was not a significant moderator of this mediation pathway. Conclusions: Adolescents may become desensitized and exhibit a blunted response to hedonic effects from increased screen time. This may result in increased anhedonia and greater risk for substance use through the need to compensate for the reduced experience of rewards. These findings have implications for future school-based substance use prevention and intervention programs.
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