Modern requirements for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) include not only achieving a glycemic control, but also reducing the risk of developing cardiovascular complications. ...Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) inhibitors are inferior in the effectiveness to some other actively developing groups of hypoglycemic drugs (SGLT2 inhibitors and GLP-1 receptor agonists); however, they seem relevant at the present time.
The aim
of the study is to analyze the literature data on the therapeutic potential and results of the of DPP-4 inhibitors research.
Materials and methods.
When searching for the review article materials, the abstracting databases of PubMed, Google Scholar and e-Library were used. The search was carried out on the publications for the period from 2006 to 2022, using the following keywords: DPP-4 inhibitors; glucagonlike peptide-1 (GLP-1); glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP); sitagliptin, and other drugs.
Results.
DPP-4 belongs to the serine proteases family and is involved in the degradation of various chemokines and peptide hormones, including incretins secreted by intestinal L- and K-cells – GLP-1 and GIP. They regulate a postprandial insulin secretion and a β-cell function, modulate a fasting and postprandial glucagon secretion, regulate the eating behavior and have many pleiotropic (immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, antifibrotic, etc.) effects. DPP-4 inhibitors reduce an enzyme activity by 70–90%, increasing plasma incretin levels by 2–4 times and have been used to treat DM2 since 2006. Now there are 13 DPP-4 inhibitors on the market in different countries, differing primarily in pharmacokinetic parameters. They are actively used in the combination therapy for type 2 diabetes, increasing the glycemic control effectiveness without increasing the risk of hypoglycemia. The evidence is emerging about the therapeutic potential of DPP-4 inhibitors in COVID-19.
Conclusion.
A peroral form, an ability to create effective combinations with other hypoglycemic drugs without increasing the risk of hypoglycemia, the pleiotropic effects of DPP-4 inhibitors, make this group relevant at the present time.
Abyssal cataracts in the Romanche and Chain Fracture Zones were investigated. The Romanche and Chain fracture zones are very important elements in the water exchange of bottom waters between the West ...and East Atlantic.
Overview of drugs approved by the FDA in 2022 Kurkin, D. V.; Morkovin, E. I.; Bakulin, D. A. ...
Farmaciâ i Farmakologiâ (Pâtigorsk),
01/2023, Letnik:
11, Številka:
3
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
The aim
of the work is to conduct a review of medications approved by the FDA in 2022.
Materials and methods.
In searching for the materials to write this review article, bibliographic databases ...including PubMed, Google Scholar and e-library.ru were utilized. The search was conducted for the publications spanning the period from 2008 to 2023. Herewith, the following keywords and word combinations were used: new drug approval, NDA, drug authorization, approval package, breakthrough medicine.
Results.
The discovery and development of medications are among the most crucial scientific processes in healthcare. Developing a new drug is a highly intricate, expensive, and time-consuming process. Nowadays, the problem of costs reduction and the process of expedited discovering of new medications are particularly pertinent. To optimize the search for active compounds, virtual and high-throughput screenings, machine learning, artificial intelligence, cryo-electron microscopy, and drug repurposing are employed. Simultaneously, the search for original molecules to serve as the basis for innovative drugs continues. This article presents a review of medications approved by the FDA in 2022 for the treatment of various pathologies.
Conclusion.
A drug development is a complex and resource-intensive process, with only a small fraction of candidates advancing to clinical trials. A drug design evolves in tandem with societal needs, and this review highlights some of the medications approved by the FDA in 2022. Technological advancements are expected to expedite drug development, potentially reducing the time to the market. Biotechnology, including cell therapy, holds significant prospects, and achievements in genetic mapping and chip technologies will enhance the accessibility of personalized pharmacology.
In December 2021, it was 30 years after the end of the history of the USSR, but the Russian society has not yet decided its attitude to this event, contradictory assessments are also given by social ...scientists. Continuing the theme started in No. 8 of this year, the journal organized a round table, inviting social scientists-experts representing different scientific and ideological directions to discuss issues about the events of 1991. Participants display a wide range of opinions and assessments, from apologetic to critical.
In the article the information on calculated forces of interaction in the system "wheel-rail" is presented at movement on curve sections of a track with a speed less than 160 km/h and the change of ...wear of wheels is predicted.
У статті наведено інформацію щодо розрахункових сил взаємодії в системі «колесо-рейка» при русі вагона по кривих ділянках колії зі швидкістю до 160 км/год та прогнозується зміна зносу коліс.
We propose a Mechanism of Hydrogen Delamination of Pipe Steels of Oil and Gas Pipelines and study the influence of nonmetallic inclusions and hydrogen on the initiation of microcracks playing the ...role of nuclei of delamination of pipe steels.
Internet technology offers an excellent opportunity for the development of tools by the cooperative effort of various groups and institutions. We have developed a multi-platform software system, ...Virtual Computational Chemistry Laboratory, http://www.vcclab.org, allowing the computational chemist to perform a comprehensive series of molecular indices/properties calculations and data analysis. The implemented software is based on a three-tier architecture that is one of the standard technologies to provide client-server services on the Internet. The developed software includes several popular programs, including the indices generation program, DRAGON, a 3D structure generator, CORINA, a program to predict lipophilicity and aqueous solubility of chemicals, ALOGPS and others. All these programs are running at the host institutes located in five countries over Europe. In this article we review the main features and statistics of the developed system that can be used as a prototype for academic and industry models.
According to the hypothesis advanced in earlier works, the hydrogenation, embrittlement, and cracking of metals are the main cause of their sulfide stress-corrosion fracture. However, in some works, ...this concept is negated or the role of hydrogen is not considered to be the main. Hence, to evaluate its influence on the mechanism of sulfide stress-corrosion cracking (SSCC), we have carried out special investigations in this field. Steels used in this study were: 20, 09G2S, and 14Kh2GMR.
