The aim of this study is to evaluate the issues of sedation and analgesia in all-purpose ICUs in Russia. To obtain that, a single-day observational survey was performed in 55 ICUs of Ural and Siberia ...regions. This work enabled to describe the targets, instruments of control and patterns of sedative and analgetics and sedatives prescription, as well as to make conclusions about issues in this area and possibilities of creation and necessity of analgesia and sedation standards. The study has shown a decent percentage of use of standardized scales evaluating pain in ICU and predominance of effectivae drugs and analgesia patterns, which leads to "formalization" of analgesia and decrease of it's effectiveness. Sedation indications do not satisfy the modern concept, sedation level evaluation scores are used only in 13%, schemes and drugs are traditional. The results of this study may serve as a reason for discussion of necessity of introducing of sedative and analgetic therapy in ICU standarts.
Results from the CERN pilot CLOUD experiment Duplissy, J; Enghoff, M B; Aplin, K L ...
Atmospheric chemistry and physics discussions,
09/2009, Letnik:
9, Številka:
5
Journal Article
Recenzirano
During a 4-week run in October-November 2006, a pilot experiment was performed at the CERN Proton Synchrotron in preparation for the CLOUD super(1) experiment, whose aim is to study the possible ...influence of cosmic rays on clouds. The purpose of the pilot experiment was firstly to carry out exploratory measurements of the effect of ionising particle radiation on aerosol formation from trace H sub(2)SO sub(4) vapour and secondly to provide technical input for the CLOUD design. A total of 44 nucleation bursts were produced and recorded, with formation rates of particles above the 3 nm detection threshold of between 0.1 and 100 cm super(− 3)s super(&m inus; 1), and growth rates between 2 and 37 nm h super(− 1). The corresponding H sub(2)SO sub(4) concentrations were typically around 10 super(6) cm super(− 3) or less. The experimentally-measured formation rates and H sub(2)SO sub(4) concentrations are comparable to those found in the atmosphere, supporting the idea that sulphuric acid is involved in the nucleation of atmospheric aerosols. However, sulphuric acid alone is not able to explain the observed rapid growth rates, which suggests the presence of additional trace vapours in the aerosol chamber, whose identity is unknown. By analysing the charged fraction, a few of the aerosol bursts appear to have a contribution from ion-induced nucleation and ion-ion recombination to form neutral clusters. Some indications were also found for the accelerator beam timing and intensity to influence the aerosol particle formation rate at the highest experimental SO sub(2) concentrations of 6 ppb, although none was found at lower concentrations. Overall, the exploratory measurements provide suggestive evidence for ion-induced nucleation or ion-ion recombination as sources of aerosol particles. However in order to quantify the conditions under which ion processes become significant, improvements are needed in controlling the experimental variables and in the reproducibility of the experiments. Finally, concerning technical aspects, the most important lessons for the CLOUD design include the stringent requirement of internal cleanliness of the aerosol chamber, as well as maintenance of extremely stable temperatures (variations below 0.1 degree C). super(1)CLOUD is an acronym of Cosmics Leaving OUtdoor Droplets.
134 children with functional dyspepsia (FD) have been observed. It has been established that abdominal pain in children with functional dyspepsia was weak, developed before or after meal or physical ...exercise. The dysmotility-like dyspepsia predominated in infant (47.8 +/- 4.3%), the frequency of cases of ulcer-like dyspepsia prevails among older children 27.1 +/- 5.8%. Patients with FD had marked changes in their vegetative status. Hypersympathotonia and hyperparasympathotonia have been observed among these patients with hyperparasympathotonia prevailed in children with ulcer-like dyspepsia. The activity of sympatic part of vegetative system in patient with dysmotility-like dyspepsia was higher than that of parasympatic one. FD patients have been revealed to have vegetative dysfunction accompanied with high levels of serotonin (88.8 +/- 7.8 ng/ml, P < or = 0.05) and histamine (100.2 +/- 8.4 ng/ml, P < or = 0.05) in blood plasma. The highest level of blood histamine and the lowest level of blood serotonin have been determined in patients with ulcer-like dyspepsia, the increase of serotonine predominated in children with nonspecific dyspepsia. The determined changes could play role in the development of FD in childhood.
Analysis of the lacrimal fluid of normal subjects and patients after cataract extraction and with penetrating wounds of the eyeball showed fluctuations of the R protein concentration, which depended ...on the type of the injury and its complications. The authors propose using measurements of R protein in the lacrimal fluid as a prognostic criterion predicting the development of infectious complications in penetrating wounds of the eyeball.
40 children aged from 12 to 17 years have been observed. All the children have been divided into three groups. The first group consisted of children with mild severity of joint hypermobility. The ...second group, 12 children -with mild severity of joint hypermobility. The third group consisted of 10 healthy children, it was a control group. The article in describes in details complexes of exercises used in a complex treatment of children with joint hypermobility. The efficiency of these complexes was established. They strengthen locomotor apparatus and prevent the progression of joint hypermobility.
Intravascular irradiation of the blood with He-Ne laser at a wavelength 680 nm and 0.5 mWt power via Leukocyte light-guide introduced into one of the cubital veins was used in the treatment of ...patients with primary glaucoma. Treatment efficacy was assessed from changes in vision acuity, visual field, angioscotomas, blind spot, ophthalmic tone, and tonographic parameters. Treatment efficacies of traditional therapy and the suggested exposure were compared. Endovascular laser therapy exerted a more marked effect as regarded improvement of vision acuity, decrease of the blind spot and angioscotomas, reduction of intraocular pressure, and improvement of tonographic parameters. This recommends such exposure for the treatment of primary glaucoma patients in complex with other treatment modalities.
