Agricultural budget as a form of financing agriculture in the Republic of Serbia Pejanovic, R., University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad (Serbia). Faculty of Agriculture; Radovic, G., Dnevnik - Poljoprivrednik AD, Novi Sad (Serbia); Tomas, M., University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad (Serbia). Faculty of Agriculture ...
Savremena poljoprivreda,
(2010), Letnik:
59, Številka:
1-2
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Author are investigating the support of the state with regard to financing the agricultural sector over the past period. In January 1994, the credit placement from the central bank primary issuing, ...which had long been reliable and standing source of funding agriculture, was terminated by the Programme of the monetary system reconstruction. That led to the agrarian budget as a pooled and consolidated form of the state support to agriculture, which is implemented by subsidizing the agricultural production. Agrarian budget funds from 2004 to 2006 were exploited for the purpose of financing agricultural production, which represents a very specific form of the state support and which used to be realized through commercial banks.
Genetic variability of concentration of microelements in wild sunflower species and hybrids Kastori, R.R., Faculty of Agriculture, Novi Sad (Serbia); Maksimovic, I.V., Faculty of Agriculture, Novi Sad (Serbia); Marinkovic, R.Z., Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, Novi Sad (Serbia) ...
Zbornik Matice Srpske za Prirodne Nauke,
(2010), 2010-00-00, 2010-01-01, Letnik:
2010, Številka:
118
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
The aim of this research was to investigate genetic specificity of sunflower nutrition with microelements. Therefore, concentration of essential (Zn, B, Mn, Cu, Fe, and Ni) and non-essential (Cr, Al, ...Cd, As, Pb, and Ba) micronutrients were analyzed. Five sunflower hydrids the most grown in Serbia and different populations of wild sunflower species originating from North America: Helianthus neglectus, Helianthus agrophyllus, Helianthus petiolaris, Helianthis annuus were included in the experiment. Populations of wild sunflower species and hybrids differed significantly with respect to the concentration of analyzed elements. Coeficient variation of microelement concentration depended on genotype and particular elements. In wild populations, for essential microelements, it was between 3.7 and 59.5, whereas in hybrids it varied from 10.0 to 48.8. Coefficient variation of concentration of non-essential microelements in wild populations varied from 7.7 to 73.8, and in hybrids from 15.1 to 48.8. Average coefficient of variation in both wild species and hybrids was the lowest for Mn and Pb. It was the highest for Cr, Ni, and Zn in hybrids and for Cr, Ni, and Cr in wild species. The results suggest that genetic specificity with respect to uptake of microelements in wild species and hybrids is highly expressed.
Rare earth elements - yttrium and higher plants Kastori, R.R., Faculty of Agriculture, Novi Sad (Serbia); Maksimovic, I.V., Faculty of Agriculture, Novi Sad (Serbia); Zeremski-Skoric, T.M., Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, Novi Sad (Serbia) ...
Zbornik Matice Srpske za Prirodne Nauke,
(2010), 2010-00-00, 2010-01-01, Letnik:
2010, Številka:
118
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Rare earth elements (REEs) form a chemically uniform group with very similar physical and chemical properties. The REEs include the elements scandium, yttrium and the lanthanides from lanthanum to ...lutetium. They are widely distributed and present in all parts of the biosphere. REEs are required in industry, agriculture, medicine, biotechnology, environmental problems and many other fields. Lately, many experiments show their positive or negative, first of all nonspecific, effect on life processes of higher plants as well as growth and yield of cultivated species, but the physiological mechanisms are still not well understood. It has been determined that yttrium is widely distributed in plants, as well as that certain plant species uptake yttrium at different extent. Its highest accumulation is in the root and the leaf. Although yttrium was discovered more than two centuries ago, its effect on higher plants - their anatomical and morphological built, physiological and biochemical processes etc. - is very little known. One of the basic reasons is that yttrium, as well as other REEs elements, according to current knowledge, is not biogenic for higher plants and - wider - for live organisms. The objective of this paper is to concisely show previous knowledge about yttrium in the plant world.
Mechanisms of adaptation of small grains to soil acidity Djalovic, I.G., Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, Novi Sad (Serbia); Maksimovic, I.V., Faculty of Agriculture, Novi Sad (Serbia); Kastori, R.R., Faculty of Agriculture, Novi Sad (Serbia) ...
Zbornik Matice Srpske za Prirodne Nauke,
(2010), 2010-00-00, 2010-01-01, Letnik:
2010, Številka:
118
Journal Article
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Odprti dostop
Acid soils limit crop production on 30-40% of the world arable land and up to 70% of the world potentially arable land. Over 60% of the total arable lands in Serbia are acid soils. Soil acidity is ...determined by hydrogen (H+) in soil solution and it is influenced by edaphic, climatic and biological factors. Major constraints for plant growth on acid mineral soils are toxic concentrations of mineral elements like Al of H+ and/or low mineral nutrient availability due to low solubility (e.g. P and Mo) or low reserves and impaired uptake (e.g. Mg2+) at high H+ concentrations. Aluminium (Al) toxicity is primarily factor limiting crop production on acid soils. This review examines our current understanding of mechanisms of Al-toxicity, as well as the physiological and genetic basis for Al-toxicity and tolerance. Inhibition of root growth by Al leads to more shallow root systems, which may affect the capacity for mineral nutrient acquisition and increase the risk of drought stress. Of the two principal strategies (tolerance and avoidance) of plants for adaptation to adverse soil conditions, the strategy of avoidance is more common for adaptation to acid mineral soils. At the same, the short view of the most important genetics tolarance mechanisms, developed and determined in some small grains genotypes, is showed as well.
Physiological and genetic basis of plant tolerance to excess boron Kastori, R.R., Faculty of Agriculture, Novi Sad (Serbia); Maksimovic, I.V., Faculty of Agriculture, Novi Sad (Serbia); Kraljevic-Balalic, M.M., Faculty of Agriculture, Novi Sad (Serbia) ...
Zbornik Matice Srpske za Prirodne Nauke,
(2008), 2008-00-00, 2008-01-01, Letnik:
2008, Številka:
114
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Boron (B) deficit as well as excess may significantly limit the organic production in plants. In extreme cases they may kill the affected plants. Boron excess occurs primarily in arid and semiarid ...regions, in saline soils or in consequence to human action. Excessive boron concentrations retard plant growth and cause physiological and morphological changes (chlorosis and necrosis) first of all in leaf tips and then in marginal or intercostal parts of the lamina. Physiological mechanisms of plant tolerance to boron excess have not been studied in sufficient detail. The predominant opinion holds that they are based on restricted uptake and accumulation of boron in the root and aboveground plant parts. Significant differences in boron excess tolerance have been observed not only between different crops but even between different genotypes of the same crop. This has enabled the breeding of crop genotypes and crops adapted to growing on soils rich in available boron and intensified the research on the inheritance of plant tolerance to high B concentration. Sources of tolerance to high B concentration have been found in many crops (wheat, mustard, pea, lentil, eucalypt). Using different molecular techniques based on PCR (RAPD, SRAP), plant parents and progenies have been analyzed in an attempt to map as precisely as possible the position of B-tolerant genes. Small grains have been studied in greatest detail for inheritance of B tolerance. B tolerance in wheat is controlled by at least four additive genes, Bo1, Bo2, Bo3 and Bo4. Consequently, there exists a broad range of tolerance levels. Studies of Arabidopsis have broadened our understanding of regulation mechanisms of B transport from roots to above ground parts, allowing more direct genetic manipulations.
Kako nedostatak tako i suvisak bora (V) moze znacajno da smanji organsku produkciju biljaka, a u ekscesnim slucajevima moze da dovede i do njihovog uginuca. Suvisak bora se pre svega javlja u aridnim i semiaridnim predelima, na zaslanjenim zemljistima ili kao posledica aktivnosti coveka. Ekscesne koncentracije bora smanjuju rast biljaka i izazivaju fizioloske i morfoloske promene (hlorozu i nekrozu) pre svega vrsnog i rubnih ili interkostalnih delova liske. Fizioloski mehanizmi tolerantnosti biljaka prema suvisku bora nisu dovoljno poznati. Preovladava misljenje da se oni zasnivaju na restrikciji usvajanja i time nakupljanja V u korenu i nadzemnom delu biljaka. Utvrdjeno je da postoje znacajne razlike u tolerantnosti ne samo vrsta nego i genotipova prema suvisku V sto omogucava da se putem oplemenjivanja stvore genotipovi gajenih biljaka podesni za gajenje na zemljistima sa povecanim sadrzajem pristupacnog V. S tim u vezi intenziviraju se istrazivanja u vezi sa nasledjivanjem tolerantnosti biljaka prema suvisku V. Utvrdjeno je da kod velikog broja biljnih vrsta (npr. psenica, slacica, grasak, socivo, eukaliptus) postoje izvori tolerantnosti prema suvisku V. Upotrebom razlicitih molekularnih tehnika koje se zasnivaju na PCR-u (RAPD, SRAP) za analize roditeljskih komponenata i potomstva nastoji se da se sto tacnije mapiraju geni nosioci tolerantnosti prema suvisku V. Do sada je najbolje prouceno nasledjivanje ovog svojstva kod zitarica. Utvrdjeno je da kod psenice tolerantnost prema suvisku V uslovljavaju najmanje cetiri gena, Bo1, Bo2, Bo3 i Bo4 koji deluju aditivno, tako da postoji citav spektar nivoa tolerantnosti. Proucavanja na arabidopsisu dovela su do boljeg razumevanja mehanizma regulacije transporta V iz korena u nadzemne organe, sto otvara mogucnost direktnijih genetickih manipulacija.
Yield and nutritive value of double cropped soybean Djukic, D.,Faculty of Agriculture, Novi Sad (Serbia); Maksimovic, L.,Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, Novi Sad (Serbia); Stevovic, V.,Faculty of Agronomy, Cacak (Serbia) ...
Acta Agriculturae Serbica (Serbia),
(2006), Letnik:
11, Številka:
21
Journal Article
Recenzirano
This paper reviews two-year results of studies on yield and forage quality of soybean cultivars Krajina and Jelica (FAO maturity group 00) double cropped at AIC Becej, in Becej (Serbia) and Institute ...of Field and Vegetable Crops in Novi Sad (Serbia). With the average crop density of 421,500 plants/ha and irrigation, double cropped soybean produced over 20 t/ha of green forage or over 7 t/ha of dry matter suitable for ensiling. The average stem height was 68.4 cm, the percentage of dry matter at the time of harvest 30.5%. The proportions of stems, leaves and pods in the total biomass were 25.3%, 26.0% and 48.7%, respectively. The average number of pods per stem was 23.4. The feed dehydrated to 90.55% of dry matter had the following average values of crude proteins, crude cellulose, crude fats, crude ashes and N-free extract: 27.1%, 17.06%, 13.29%, 4.66% and 28.42%, respectively. The average value of the feed was very good: the average NEL and NEM values were 6.80 and 7.03 MJ/kg DM.
Genetic specificity of magnesium nutrition in sunflower Kastori, R.R; Marinkovic, R.Z; Sekulic, P.Dj ...
Zbornik Matice Srpske za Prirodne Nauke,
(2008), 2008-00-00, 2008-01-01, Letnik:
2008, Številka:
115
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Magnesium content was analysed in five of the most grown sunflower hybrids in Serbia, as well as in different populations of wild sunflower species. The highest magnesium content was found in ...Helianthus petiolaris and the lowest in Helianthus tuberosus. Different populations within each species differed significantly in magnesium content. Magnesium concentration in hybirds was significantly differt as well, and in two years it was in average between 575 and 813 mg/g DW. The results suggest that genetic variability in wild species and hybrids of sunflower is very high. This should be taken into consideration when requirements of mineral nutrition are analysed, as well as when wild species are included in breeding programs.
Effect of lead contamination of maize seed on its biological properties Kastori, Rudolf R. (Faculty of Agriculture, Novi Sad (Serbia). Department of Field and Vegetable Crops); Maksimović, Ivana V. (Faculty of Agriculture, Novi Sad (Serbia). Department of Field and Vegetable Crops); Dorogházi, Ottó T. (Faculty of Agriculture, Novi Sad (Serbia). Department of Field and Vegetable Crops) ...
Zbornik Matice srpske za prirodne nauke / Matica Srpska Proceedings for Natural Sciences,
2012
Journal Article
Effect of treatment of seed with various lead concentrations (0, 10-5, 10-4, 10-3, and 10-2 mol/dm3) on accumulation and distribution of lead (Pb) in seedling, seed germination, seedling growth, and ...mobilization of mineral matter during seed germination was investigated. Content of Pb in the root and the shoot indicates that seeds imbibed in solutions of various Pb concentrations took up Pb intensively. Content of Pb in the root and the shoot increased with increase of Pb concentration and it was much larger in the root than in the shoot. Contrary to this, the accumulation coefficient was greater in the shoot than in the root. Treatment of seed with Pb did not significantly affect its biological properties. Increase of Pb concentration decreased germination ability, germination energy, and percentage of typical seedlings, while increasing the number of atypical seedlings and non-germinated seeds. Contamination of seed by Pb did not affect the dry matter mass and the growth of young plants shoots, while the length of the primary root, the mesocotyl root as well as the root mass at the highest Pb concentration, significantly decreased. Translocation of mobilized mineral matter from the seed during germination and growth of young plants into the root and shoot was specific, depending on elements. Only the implementation of the highest implemented Pb concentration affected mobilization and translocation of some elements. Based on the obtained results, it can be concluded that maize is characterized by significant tolerance to Pb contamination during seed germination and growth of seedlings.
Effect of cytokinins on the activity of superoxide dismutase in nitrogen deficient wheat Stoparic, G.Z., Municipality of Subotica, Subotica (Serbia). Municipal Council for the Environment and Health; Maksimovic, I.V., Faculty of Agriculture, Novi Sad (Serbia)
Zbornik Matice Srpske za Prirodne Nauke,
(2008), 2008-00-00, 2008-01-01, Letnik:
2008, Številka:
114
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
The focus of this paper is to examine whether foliar application of cytokinins to young wheat plants insufficiently supplied with nitrogen affects the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and ...amount of superoxide anion radical (O2.-). Application of trans-zeatine (CK) reduced the activity of SOD, but this reduction was not accompanied by an increase in the amount of O2.-. Application of benzyl adenine (BA) also reduced the activity of SOD, with concomitant increase in the amount of O2.- in wheat leaves.
Irrigation management in field crops production Babović, J.; Milić, S.; Maksimović, L., Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, Novi Sad (Serbia); Radojević, V., University of Novi Sad (Serbia). Faculty of Agriculture
Options Méditerranéennes. Série A : Séminaires Méditerranéens (CIHEAM),
2008
80
Journal Article
The need for irrigation is pronounced in our part of the world, because droughts are frequent here and cause extensive damage to crop production and agriculture in general. This paper reviews the ...effects of irrigation in the production of major field crops with a special look at main cropped and double cropped soybeans. Soybean performances were analysed in dry years during the 1990-2004 period. Effects of irrigation in dry years are 46 per cent for maize, 70 per cent for sugar beet, and 69-85 per cent for soybean. Irrigation effects are additionally magnified in very dry years
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