The article presents the experience in development of the professional%public accreditation concept (PPA) of the higher education programs in the social and humanitarian sphere. The principles ...underlying the basis of this development are revealed.The paper dwells on the most important characteristics of process of education which have to be considered at an assessment of educational programs. Traditional and latest means of representation which are applied in modern educational process are considered.The concept and the main documents are developed taking into account the internationalexperience of accreditation. We discuss why the main qualities of the developed technology of accreditation will make it an important element of system of development of Russian education and increase its competitiveness in the international division of labor.
Precise time-dependent measurements of the Z = 2 component in the cosmic radiation provide crucial information about the propagation of charged particles through the heliosphere. The PAMELA ...experiment, with its long flight duration (15th June 2006 - 23rd January 2016) and the low energy threshold (80 MeV/n) is an ideal detector for cosmic ray solar modulation studies. In this paper, the helium nuclei spectra measured by the PAMELA instrument from July 2006 to December 2009 over a Carrington rotation time basis are presented. A state-of-the-art three-dimensional model for cosmic-ray propagation inside the heliosphere was used to interpret the time-dependent measured fluxes. Proton-to-helium flux ratio time profiles at various rigidities are also presented in order to study any features which could result from the different masses and local interstellar spectra shapes.
Aim. To assess the effects of enhanced external counter-pulsation (EECP) on left ventricular (LV) myocardial perfusion.Material and methods. In total, 26 patients with coronary heart disease (CHD), ...stable angina, Functional Class (FC) I-IV, were treated with EECP. Treatment course included 35 one-hour procedures. At baseline and after EECP treatment, all patients underwent 99m-Tc-MIBI scintigraphy (single photon emission computed tomography, SPECT) at rest and during stress test.Results. After EECP treatment, perfusion defect severity assessed by SPECT at rest had significantly reduced (p<0,01). Pre- and post-EECP perfusion defect areas were 18,0±13,6 % and 17,2±15,7 %, respectively (p>0,05); pre- and post-EECP perfusion defect severity - 347,3±282,8 and 310±266,0 std, respectively (p<0,01). No significant dynamics of perfusion defect area or severity was observed for stress EECP.Conclusion. EECP treatment was associated with improved LV myocardial perfusion in CHD patients.
To examine effects of programmed external contrapulsation (ECP) on the clinico-functional status, quality of life (QOL) in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD), stable angina of FC II-IV ...resistant to medication.
Eighteen patients with CHD, stable angina of FC III-IV (2 females and 16 males, mean age 63.6 +/- 7.4 years) have completed a course of ECP including 35 one-hour procedures 5-6 times a week for 7 weeks. Ten patients had cardiac failure (NYHA FC II-III). Before and after ECP course the patients were examined using QOL assessment by Minnesota questionnaire, complex echo-cardiography, bicycle exercise test, perfusion myocardial scintigraphy with 99m-Tc-4,2-methoxy-isobutilisonitril, 24-h Holter ECG monitoring, enzyme immunoassay for plasma natriuretic propeptides.
Significant subjective QOL improvement (p < 0.01) was noticed by all the patients. Anginal attacks and nitrates doses reduced at least 2-fold. Exercise tolerance rose significantly (p < 0.01), bicycle exercise test was positive in 5 patients, the rest stopped the test after achievement of submaximal heart rate (HR) and fatigue. Most of the patients exhibited improvement of myocardial perfusion. Patients with abnormal myocardial contractility showed a moderate trend (p < 0.03) to an increase in left ventricular ejection fraction. By 24-h ECG, mean HR diminished significantly (p < 0.02).
ECP is highly effective and safe in combined therapy of CHD, stable angina resistant to drug therapy, in impossibility of myocardial revascularization, including patients with cardiac failure. This manifests in a significant abatement of angina, lower doses of nitrates, improvement of exercise tolerance, quality of life, myocardial perfusion and hemodynamic indices.
The thermodynamic conditions of paraequilibrium are derived from the most general criterion of equilibrium formulated by J.W. Gibbs. An approximate, simple method for the calculation of ...paraequilibrium phase boundaries is suggested for the case when a system contains an arbitrary number of substitutional elements and a single interstitial component. The method is based on the representation of Gibbs energies of coexisting phases by means of cubic splines. The application of the formalism to the computation of multicomponent paraequilibrium is illustrated for the systems Fe-C-Si, Fe-C-Si-Cr-Mn and Fe-C-Si-Cr-Mn-Mo.
It is also demonstrated that, provided the first derivatives of Gibbs energies with respect to mole fraction of the interstitial component can be reliably estimated using finite differences, twice continuously differentiable Hermite splines of the fourth order can be applied for the solution of the problem. Details of an algorithm for the construction of Hermite splines belonging to C
2
class are provided.
Les conditions thermodynamiques de para-équilibre sont dérivées du critère d'équilibre le plus général formulé par J.W. Gibbs. On suggère une méthode approximative simple de calcul des limites de phase de para-équilibre dans le cas où un système contient un nombre arbitraire d'éléments de substitution et une seule composante interstitielle. La méthode est basée sur la représentation des énergies de Gibbs des phases coexistantes au moyen de splines cubiques. L'application du formalisme au calcul de para-équilibre à plusieurs éléments est illustrée avec les systèmes Fe-C-Si, Fe-C-Si-Cr-Mn et Fe-CSi- Cr-Mn-Mo.
On démontre également que l'on peut appliquer les splines d'Hermite du quatrième ordre, dérivables deux fois en continu, à la solution du problème. Pour cela, il faut que l'on puisse estimer de façon fiable les premières dérivées des énergies de Gibbs en rapport avec la fraction molaire de la composante interstitielle, en utilisant les différences finies. On fournit les détails d'un algorithme pour la construction de splines d'Hermite appartenant à la classe C
2
.
The problem of osteoporosis and sarcopenia is one of the leading problems in world medicine. There is a significant increase in the number of patients with these pathologies, which is associated with ...increased life expectancy. Osteoporosis and sarcopenia are among the most common diseases in old age. Moreover, if earlier these pathologies, especially osteoporosis, were observed mainly in the elderly, now these diagnoses have significantly rejuvenated. Thus, early diagnosis, methods of prevention, early treatment and rehabilitation of these diseases become relevant. Equally important is the relationship between these diseases and the commonality of their etiology and pathogenesis, and, accordingly, the identity of methods of prevention and treatment.
In the context of medical and preventive care, the commonalities and differences of genetic, biochemical and age factors and nosological units that lead to the development of these pathologies are analyzed. Methods of prevention and non-drug treatment of osteoporosis and sarcopenia are considered in detail. The most effective methods of prevention and non-drug treatment of osteoporosis and sarcopenia have been identified.
The common etiopathogenetic factors of sarcopenia and osteoporosis, disorders of fat metabolism and, ultimately, reduced physical activity, suggests the presence of osteosarcopenia and osteosarcopenic obesity. The same commonality leads to almost identical approaches in the treatment and prevention of these diseases.
The deflection of electrons in the Earth’s magnetic field in the energy range 75–250 GeV (the so-called east-west effect) has been measured with the PAMELA satellite-borne experiment. The results are ...presented for various
L
-shells. The data obtained can be used to construct mathematical models that describe the structure of the Earth’s magnetic field and to refine the already existing models. These data can also be directly applied to estimate the positron fraction in cosmic-ray electron fluxes both in the PAMELA experiment and in other satellite-borne experiments.
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