The design of straw tube detector modules developed for the PANDA Forward Tracker is presented. One module consists of 32 straws with 10 mm diameter, arranged in two staggered layers, and has a very ...low material budget of only 8.8ċ10−4X0. The overpressure of the working gas mixture of 1 bar makes the module self-supporting and enables the use of lightweight and compact support frames. Detection planes in the Forward Tracker consist of modules mounted closely, without gaps, next to each other on a support frame. A module can be mounted and dismounted from the frame without the need to remove the neighboring modules, enabling fast repairs. Technical details of the detector design and the assembly procedure of the straw tubes and the straw modules as well as results of performed tests of the modules are given.
Purpose
Medulloblastoma (MB) is one of the most frequent and sensitive to radiation aggressive brain tumor in children. Abnormalities of the thyroid function are common complications of head and neck ...irradiation for childhood cancer. The aim of this study was to assess thyroid function in children treated for medulloblastoma according to the treatment protocol phase.
Patients and methods
Twenty-three children with MB were enrolled to this study. All patients underwent chemotherapy and radiotherapy to the whole craniospinal axis and boost with the conformal therapy restricted to the tumor bed to a total dose of 54 Gy. Thyroid function was evaluated based on thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), free thyroxine (fT4) levels controlled before MB treatment, directly after irradiation and at the end of the treatment protocol. Ultrasonography has been used to detect parenchymal abnormalities.
Results
All patients presented normal thyroid hormone range before chemotherapy. Hypothyroidism was found in 12 patients in the course of treatment, in 2 patients hormone deficits diagnosed directly after irradiation, in 10 patients such condition was observed at the end of the whole therapy. All of these patients needed thyroid hormone substitution. None of them presented clinical symptoms of hypothyroidism. Ultrasound-detected abnormalities have been found in 20 patients.
Conclusions
It is crucial to monitor the functions of the thyroid gland in children treated for medulloblastoma because of the high risk of hypothyroidism resulting from the treatment. The change in the echogenicity of the thyroid gland may be an early marker for a dysfunction of this organ in children treated for medulloblastoma.
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) in children is rare, accounting for approximately 1.9-6% of all pediatric renal malignancies. The aim of this study was to transmit our experience in the treatment of RCC ...in Polish children.
Clinical data from 21 children (6.3-18 years old) with RCC treated between 1992 and 2009 at Polish pediatric oncological centers were analyzed.
In 2 patients, RCC developed as a second malignancy after neuroblastoma or astrocytoma fibrillare, respectively. In 6 patients, initial diagnoses based on imaging studies were unilateral Wilms' tumor, leading to preoperative chemotherapy. The remaining patients underwent surgery at the beginning of treatment. According to the AJCC/TNM staging system, 14 patients had stage I, 5-II, 1-III, and 1-IV. Nephrectomy was performed in 19 patients, heminephrectomy in one, and biopsy in another. Histopathological diagnoses were clear-cell RCC (18 patients), papillary RCC (2 patients), and chromophobe RCC (1 patient). 10 patients were treated with chemotherapy, with or without IL-2, INFα, and antiangiogenic agents. 2 patients died due to disease progression.
RCC in children is mostly operable at diagnosis, resulting in good prognosis. The role of adjuvant chemo- and immunotherapies is unclear. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy proven for children with Wilms' tumors is ineffective, but the delay in adequate therapy did not worsen the outcome if complete nephrectomy is done subsequently.
The HADES Pre-Shower detector Bałanda, A.; Jaskuła, M.; Kajetanowicz, M. ...
Nuclear instruments & methods in physics research. Section A, Accelerators, spectrometers, detectors and associated equipment,
10/2004, Letnik:
531, Številka:
3
Journal Article
Recenzirano
The Pre-Shower detector was built for the high acceptance di-electron spectrometer to identify electrons produced in pion, proton and heavy ion-induced reactions in the
0.2<p<1.5
GeV/c
momentum ...range. The system is composed of three layers of wire chambers interleaved with two layers of lead converters for electromagnetic shower formation. A scintillator wall is placed in front of the detector for time-of-flight measurements.
The paper describes the Pre-Shower detector construction, the detector operation, the read-out electronics and its response to charged particles studied with electron, proton and heavy ion beams.
Development of a fast pad readout system for the HADES shower detector Bałanda, A; Dębowski, M; Jaskuła, M ...
Nuclear instruments & methods in physics research. Section A, Accelerators, spectrometers, detectors and associated equipment,
11/1998, Letnik:
417, Številka:
2
Journal Article
Recenzirano
The paper presents the readout system for the 18432 channels of the HADES shower detector. The readout system consists of an analog front-end ASIC for the readout of the pad multiwire chamber, a ...readout controller board, the so-called readout board for collection and digitization of the analog information from the ASIC and an optical link system for the data transfer. The readout system is designed to cope with event rate of 10
5
events/s and a data transfer rate of 1.9
Gbyte/s. Utilizing a multistage fast multiplexing system, the cost per channel is kept on the level of $5. Recent results from a test experiment confirm the intended performance of the readout system.
The invariant-mass spectrum of e+e- pairs produced in 12C+12C collisions at an incident energy of 2 GeV per nucleon has been measured for the first time. The measured pair production probabilities ...span over 5 orders of magnitude from the pi0-Dalitz to the rho/omega invariant-mass region. Dalitz decays of pi0 and eta account for all the yield up to 0.15 GeV/c2, but for only about 50% above this mass. A comparison with model calculations shows that the excess pair yield is likely due to baryon-resonance and vector-meson decays. Transport calculations based on vacuum spectral functions fail, however, to describe the entire mass region.
The invariant-mass spectrum of e+e- pairs produced in 12C+12C collisions at an incident energy of 2 GeV per nucleon has been measured for the first time. The measured pair production probabilities ...span over 5 orders of magnitude from the pi(0)-Dalitz to the rho/omega invariant-mass region. Dalitz decays of pi(0) and eta account for all the yield up to 0.15 GeV/c(2), but for only about 50% above this mass. A comparison with model calculations shows that the excess pair yield is likely due to baryon-resonance and vector-meson decays. Transport calculations based on vacuum spectral functions fail, however, to describe the entire mass region.
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