This article demonstrates a methodological approach to diagnosing a periapical radiolucency that could not be diagnosed using only basic clinical and radiographic findings. The patient was a ...59-year-old Hispanic female with a small tender mass on the lower gingiva associated with tooth #25. Radiographic appearance demonstrated a well-defined radiolucent lesion at the apices of the mandibular incisors. The patient had no significant medical history. Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) showed bony expansion of the buccal plate. Differential diagnosis included non-endodontic unilocular radiolucent lesions in the anterior mandibular region. Biopsy findings were consistent with periapical cemento-osseous dysplasia (PCOD). In conclusion, clinical appearance of PCOD varies from non-expansile and asymptomatic to being expansile and sometimes symptomatic. In the latter cases, it may be necessary to use additional diagnostic tools to confirm the diagnosis.
Die tunesische Gesellschaft stand vor allem während der Revolution von 2011 im Fokus europäischen Interesses. Doch wie haben sich die Kultur und vor allem die Geschlechterverhältnisse dort überhaupt ...entwickelt?
Diesen Fragen geht der Band mit zwei Blickrichtungen nach: Zum einen wird die Transformation der Geschlechterverhältnisse in der Geschichte Tunesiens seit der Unabhängigkeit, der Diktatur und der Revolution 2011 bis zur Gegenwart analysiert. Zum anderen werden auf theoretisch-begrifflicher Ebene Transformationen des Feminismus und der Geschlechterbegriffe von einem Denken der Differenz und einer Politik der Repräsentation hin zu neueren dekonstruktiven und postkolonialen Gendertheorien erforscht. Betrachtet werden dabei vor allem die Bereiche der Künste, der Populärkultur sowie der Mode als wesentliche Medien der Transformation.
Interleukin (IL)-1α, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)- α are epidermal cytokines that produce many similar biologic effects. We have investigated the possibility that these cytokines act as ...regulators of melanization and proliferation of cultured normal human melanocytes (NHM). All three cytokines elicited a dose-dependent decrease in the activity of the enzyme tyrosinase after 48 h of treatment. IL-1α had the greatest inhibitory effect, resulting in a 22% inhibition of tyrosinase activity at a concentration of 3 × 10-14 M. An equivalent effect was elicited by 4 × 10-11M M IL-6 and 10-11 M TNF-α. All three cytokines also inhibited melanocyte proliferation, as measured by a decrease in the rate of 3H-thymidine incorporation and an increase in doubling time. IL- 1α at 6 × 10-14M, 6 × 10-13M, and 3 × 10-12M,TNF-α at 10-10 M, 10-9 M, and 10-8 M, and IL-6 at 4 × 10-10 and 1.2 × 10-9 M produced a dose-dependent inhibition of 3H- thymidine incorporation. The effects of IL-1α, TNF-α, and IL-6 were cytostatic, not cytotoxic, because melanocytes remained viable following several treatments with the cytokines. Also, melanocytes treated with IL-1α and TNF-α recovered and resumed proliferation after cessation of treatment. These effects of IL-1α, IL-6, and TNF-α do not seem to be mediated by stimulation of eicosanoid production, because inhibition of arachidonic acid (AA) metabolism by indomethacin, a cyclooxygenase inhibitor, and nordihydroguaiaretic acid, a lipoxygenase inhibitor, did not reverse the inhibitory effects on either proliferation or tyrosinase activity of NHM. This is the first demonstration that NHM respond to epidermal cytokines, and suggests a role for paracrine and possibly autocrine regulation of melanocytes by immune modulators.
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