The Internet of Things (IoT) is revolutionising nearly every aspect of modern life, playing an ever greater role in both industrial and domestic sectors. The increasing frequency of cyber-incidents ...is a consequence of the pervasiveness of IoT. Threats are becoming more sophisticated, with attackers using new attacks or modifying existing ones. Security teams must deal with a diverse and complex threat landscape that is constantly evolving. Traditional security solutions cannot protect such systems adequately and so researchers have begun to use Machine Learning algorithms to discover effective defence systems. In this paper, we investigate how one approach from the domain of evolutionary computation - grammatical evolution - can be used to identify cyberattacks in IoT environments. The experiments were conducted on up-to-date datasets and compared with state-of-the-art algorithms. The potential application of evolutionary computation-based approaches to detect unknown attacks is also examined and discussed.
Natural pigments such as anthocyanin, carotenoid, flavonoids, and chlorophyll can be considered as promising alternative sensitizer dyes for DSSC to replace synthetic dye such as N719 because of ...their simple preparation technique, low cost, complete biodegradation, availability, purity grade, environmental friendliness and most importantly ability to reduce noble metal. In this work, UV-Vis spectra is used to observe the absorption spectra of different extracting solvent of dragon fruit dye. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) identifies the functional components of the dye while impedance spectroscopy gives the conductivity data. Dragon fruit dye extracted with ethanol had a lower absorbance at 518 nm compared to dragon fruit dye extracted with distilled water at 521 nm. The presence of carboxyl group in Betalains pigment within the range of 400 - 700 nm wavenumber promotes strong hydrogen bonding while the presence of COOH stretching vibration further confirms the carboxyl group of Betalains derivatives in dragon fruit dye. The electrical conductivity measured at room temperature (27°C), boiling point (100°C) and 130°C recorded highest value of 183 Scm-1 at 100 °C for dragon fruit dye diluted with distilled water (D-DI) while for dragon fruit dye diluted with ethanol (D-Etha) the value is 9.56 × 10-1 Scm-1 at 130°C hence showing that distilled water is the best solvent for natural dye from dragon fruit.
Objective: To compare the frequency of positive aspiration during inferior alveolar nerve blocks using conventional metallic dental syringe and disposable 3cc plastic syringe and to observe the ...efficacy of aspiration of both syringe systems. Study Design: Comparative prospective study. Place and Duration of Study: Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Department, Institute of Dentistry, CMH Lahore Medical College, from May 2019 to Jul 2019. Methodology: One hundred patients requiring administration of inferior alveolar nerve block for mandibular oral surgery procedures were selected on the basis of consecutive convenience sampling. Inclusion criteria was patients undergoing oral surgery procedures of mandible. Two groups were made. 1st patient was allotted to group A by coin-toss method. Every alternate patient was included in group B. Group A was administered inferior alveolar nerve block using conventional metallic dental syringe while for group B, 3cc disposable hypodermic plastic syringe was used. A single operator administered all inferior alveolar nerve blocks. Frequency of positive aspiration was noted down for each group. Results: Forty six (46%) subjects were males and 54 (54%) were females. Mean age was 35.9 ± 13.7 years. Frequency of positive aspiration in the metallic syringe group was 15 (15%) and in the disposable syringe group was 8 (8%). Using Pearson chi square test, no statistically significant difference was found between aspiration frequency of the two groups (p=0.09). Conclusion: The statistically insignificant difference between the aspiration rates of both syringes implies that neither of the systems is superior to the other in aspiration.
•Citric acid based flame retardant (FR) system is developed for lyocell apparel fabric.•Used with FR (Pyrovatex CP New), samples achieve Class 1 flammability.•Treated samples are thermally stable up ...to 10 wash cycles, giving high char yield.•75% reduced formaldehyde content compared to conventional melamine based FR system.
Pyrovatex CP New, is a commonly used organophosphorus based flame retardant (FR) reagent for cellulosic materials. However, it has a drawback of high formaldehyde release when used with methylated melamine (MM) based cross-linker, a known carcinogenous compound. In the present approach, a durable and sustainable flame retarding recipe formulation for lyocell fabrics is developed using citric acid (CA) as a cross-linker. The FR finish was applied by pad-dry-cure process. The treated fabrics were characterized for surface morphology, elemental analysis, TG analysis, char study and FT-IR spectroscopy. Furthermore, flame retardancy, washing durability, formaldehyde release and breaking strength were also assessed, and compared with the conventional MM based FR recipe. The fabric samples treated with 400gL−1 of FR with either 40 or 80gL−1 of CA demonstrate flame retardancy even after 10 washing cycles. Furthermore, a 75% reduction in formaldehyde release is achieved. Higher char yield and lower decomposition temperature are found compared to untreated and FR+ MM treated lyocell. Such an improved sustainable recipe formulation can be used for lyocell fabric without any health risk in apparel wear.
Fine particulate air pollution <2.5 μm in diameter (PM
2.5
) is a major environmental threat to global public health. Multiple national and international medical and governmental organizations have ...recognized PM
2.5
as a risk factor for cardiopulmonary diseases. A growing body of evidence indicates that several personal-level approaches that reduce exposures to PM
2.5
can lead to improvements in health endpoints. Novel and forward-thinking strategies including randomized clinical trials are important to validate key aspects (e.g., feasibility, efficacy, health benefits, risks, burden, costs) of the various protective interventions, in particular among real-world susceptible and vulnerable populations. This paper summarizes the discussions and conclusions from an expert workshop,
Reducing the Cardiopulmonary Impact of Particulate Matter Air Pollution in High Risk Populations
, held on May 29 to 30, 2019, and convened by the National Institutes of Health, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, and the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.