The role that hydrology plays in governing the interactions between dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and nitrogen in rivers draining lowland, agricultural landscapes is currently poorly understood. In ...light of the potential changes to the production and delivery of DOC and nitrate to rivers arising from climate change and land use management, there is a pressing need to improve our understanding of hydrological controls on DOC and nitrate dynamics in such catchments. We measured DOC and nitrate concentrations in river water of six reaches of the lowland river Hampshire Avon (Wiltshire, southern UK) in order to quantify the relationship between BFI (BFI) and DOC : nitrate molar ratios across contrasting geologies (Chalk, Greensand, and clay). We found a significant positive relationship between nitrate and BFI (p < 0. 0001), and a significant negative relationship between DOC and BFI (p < 0. 0001), resulting in a non-linear negative correlation between DOC : nitrate molar ratio and BFI. In the Hampshire Avon, headwater reaches which are underlain by clay and characterized by a more flashy hydrological regime are associated with DOC : nitrate ratios > 5 throughout the year, whilst groundwater-dominated reaches underlain by Chalk, with a high BFI have DOC : nitrate ratios in surface waters that are an order of magnitude lower (< 0.5). Our analysis also reveals significant seasonal variations in DOC : nitrate transport and highlights critical periods of nitrate export (e.g. winter in sub-catchments underlain by Chalk and Greensand, and autumn in drained, clay sub-catchments) when DOC : nitrate molar ratios are low, suggesting low potential for in-stream uptake of inorganic forms of nitrogen. Consequently, our study emphasizes the tight relationship between DOC and nitrate availability in agricultural catchments, and further reveals that this relationship is controlled to a great extent by the hydrological setting.
With three of the world's largest economies, Asia is poised to home half of the world's middle class--both the driver and the product of higher education. This Handbook presents country case-studies ...and explores cross-cutting trends to offer an understanding of higher education achievements, failings, potential, and limitations in the region.
Healthy adult horses were examined by using transabdominal ultrasonography to quantitatively and qualitatively evaluate activity of the jejunum, cecum, and colon with B mode and Doppler techniques. ...Doppler ultrasound was used to assess jejunal peristaltic activity. Examinations were performed on multiple occasions under imposed colic evaluation conditions, including fasting, nasogastric intubation, and xylazine sedation. In fasted horses, jejunal visibility was increased and jejunal, cecal, and colonic activity was decreased. The stomach was displaced ventrally and was visualized ventral to the costochondral junction. Xylazine sedation in fed horses had minimal effects; however, in fasted horses, xylazine significantly decreased jejunal and cecal activity. Nasogastric intubation in fasted horses had no observable effects on activity, but moved the stomach dorsally. B mode and Doppler jejunal activity were strongly correlated. Prior feeding and sedation status need to be considered when interpreting the results of equine abdominal ultrasound examinations. Doppler techniques may be useful for assessing jejunal activity.
Managing chronic arthritis Malone, Erin D
The Veterinary clinics of North America. Equine practice,
12/2002, Letnik:
18, Številka:
3
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Many compounds are being investigated for the control of symptoms of osteoarthritis in people and animals. Ideally, treatment should include analgesia, inflammation control, and chondroprotection. ...With further progress in this area, combination therapies tailored to the needs of the individual animal should enable us to maximize efficacy and minimize side effects. Only a few of the newer therapies and pharmaceutic agents have been investigated in the horse, however. With more rigorous investigation, they may be determined to be ineffective or unsafe. Meanwhile, as much information should be gathered from manufacturers as possible so as to ensure that appropriate recommendations are made.
The Information Age Publishing new book series, Current Issues in Out-of-School Time, is designed with a purpose to disseminate original research and promising practices that further the ...Out-of-School Time (OST) field. This first book sets the foundation on which the series rests upon, by offering an analysis of the progress made since the 2000s, as well as by looking toward the future for areas of considerations. Leading OST experts explore latest knowledge, intentionally bridging research and practice, and propose new areas of inquiry within each of the following six sections: (1) OST as a vehicle for young people's development; (2) socio-cultural dimensions of OST; (3) professional development within OST; (4) research- and evaluation-informed field; (5) OST advocacy; and (6) future directions for the OST field. The OST field has grown considerably over the last two decades. Today, we have the frameworks, practice- and research-based knowledge and tools, and burgeoning paths to advance the field across multiple dimensions: demographic, stakeholder groups, contexts, systems and sectors, and disciplines. The hallmark of the OST field has been the ability to remain agile and adaptable to change in a way that complements the field and supports all children and young people in diverse ways. This anthology is designed to be a platform for research-practice discussions and future directions that could further grow, sustain, and improve the field. This book is intended to inspire both reflections and conversations on the OST field. Following a foreword by Dale A. Blyth, this book contains the following chapters: (1) Introduction (Helen Janc Malone); (2) 15 Years After Community Programs to Promote Youth Development (Sandra Simpkins, Yangyang Liu, and Nickki Pearce Dawes); (3) High Quality OST Activities and Programs: Using the RISE Approach (Relationships, Interest and Sparks, Empowerment) to Promote Thriving in Youth and Their Settings (Peter C. Scales); (4) Access to Out-of-School Time Programs for Underserved Youth (Nickki Pearce Dawes); (5) Responding to Shifting Demographic Contexts (Judith Cruzado-Guerrero and Gilda Martinez-Alba); (6) The Role of Out-of-School Time Programs in Bridging the Diversity Gap and Improving Educational Opportunities for African American Students (Mavis Sanders, Karen Lewis-Watkins, and Keshara Cochrane); (7) The State of Professional Development: Past, Present, and Future (Elizabeth Starr and Ellen S. Gannett); (8) Core Competencies for the OST Field (Gina Hilton Warner, Heidi Ham, and Melissa S. Pearman Fenton); (9) Taking It to a New Level: Inquiry-Based Professional Development as a Field-Building Enterprise (Sara L. Hill, Joy Connolly, Thomas Akiva, and Anne McNamara); (10) The Leadership Imperative (Elizabeth M. Fowlkes and Tony McWhorter); (11) The Growth, Evolution, and State of OST Evaluation (Christina A. Russell); (12) Innovative Use of Data as Game Changer for OST Programs: The Example of STEM (Gil G. Noam, Patricia J. Allen, Ashima Mathur Shah, and Bailey Triggs); (13) Exploring the Need for Research-Practice Partnerships (Ken Anthony); (14) Building Quality in Out-of-School Time (Jaime Singer, Jessica Newman, and Deborah Moroney); (15) Meeting the Growing Demand for Afterschool and Summer Learning Programs: The Role of Federal Education Policy in Closing the Opportunity Gap (Jen Rinehart and Nikki Yamashiro); (16) Closing the Summer Gap (Sarah Pitcock); (17) Out-of-School Time Learning and 21st Century Skills: Building on the Past to Shape the Future (Elizabeth Devaney and Deborah Moroney); (18) Knowing Better, Doing Better: Three Gaps to Fill in the Next Decade of Research in Out-of-School Time (Joseph L. Mahoney and Shannon Haley-Mize); and (19) Securing the Future: Pivoting OST from Where and When to What and How (Karen Pittman). The conclusion was written by Tara Donahue.
Critics have assumed that John the Carpenter's two oaths to St Thomas in Chaucer's "The Miller's Tale" refer to Thomas Becket and not to Doubting Thomas. Actually, John may be referring to either St ...Thomas, and Chaucer probably intended the references to be ambiguous.
This collection features original essays from international superstars in the field of educational change. Each "think piece" draws on the latest knowledge from research, policy, and practice to ...provide important insights for creating systemic, meaningful reform. The authors directly address contemporary challenges, misconceptions, and failed strategies, while also offering solutions, ideas, and guiding questions for examination. Unique in its breadth of ideas and diversity of voices, "Leading Educational Change" is must-reading for education decision makers on all levels, frontline practitioners, and everyone involved with children and adolescent learning. Together with the online companion Instructor's Guide, this is also a perfect text for educational leadership and policy courses. Foreword written by Michael Fullan.
Objective— To report a severe form of carpometacarpal osteoarthritis (CMC‐OA) affecting primarily older Arabian horses.
Study Design— Retrospective study.
Animals— Thirty‐one horses with CMC‐OA.
...Methods— Carpal radiographs (405 sets) from 3 hospitals were evaluated to identify horses with marked osteoproliferative reaction across the medial aspect of the CMC joint. Owners were contacted to obtain detailed histories and status updates. Necropsy specimens of the CMC joint were evaluated at 2 hospitals to determine the prevalence of 2 variations in the articulation between the proximal second and third metacarpal bones.
Results— Thirty‐one horses were identified as having marked osteoproliferative reaction at the CMC joint. Twenty‐three (74%) were Arabian horses. Of the Arabian horses, the average age at admission was 14.4 years. Eight (34.8%) Arabian horses had a known history of trauma. Most were no longer rideable at presentation. Ten of the horses were subsequently euthanatized because of lameness. The dorsal and palmar articulations between the second and third metacarpal bones were examined in 177 horses. The palmar articulation was absent in 48% of Arabian horses and 12.5% of non‐Arabian horses at 1 center, including 4 horses with CMC‐OA. At the second center, the palmar articulation was present in 8 of 8 Arabian horses but was absent in 22 of 92 (24%) non‐Arabian horses.
Conclusions— An increased frequency of this crippling form of OA was observed in Arabian horses. It may reflect an increased prevalence, in some geographical regions, of an absent palmar articulation between the second and third metacarpal bones.
Clinical Relevance— Carpal trauma in some Arabian horses may result in unexpectedly severe carpometacarpal osteoarthritis.
Objective— To describe the surgical treatment of a dorsal diaphragmatic hernia in an adult horse using thoracic rib resection aided by thoracoscopy and a flank incision.
Study Design— Case report.
...Animal Population— One client‐owned horse.
Results— A six‐year‐old Dutch warmblood gelding was admitted for colic‐associated colonic incarceration in a diaphragmatic hernia. Seven weeks after the initial colic surgery, the gelding underwent surgery to repair the defect. Thoracoscopy and a flank incision were used to identify the location of the hernia and the subsequent site of rib resection. The stomach was adhered to the edges of the defect, leaving only a small residual hole. Resection of the 14th rib provided excellent exposure of the defect and closure of the remaining hernia.
Conclusion and Clinical Relevance— Thoracic rib resection can provide access to diaphragmatic hernias in adult horses. Thoracoscopy or a flank incision, or both, may aid in determining which rib is best resected.
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