The focus of this research was to understand what type of influence media sources have on the public’s perception of police. To conduct this quantitative research, a survey was distributed to ...approximately 200 participants who were 21 years of age or older, U.S. citizens, and watched the news regularly or had some interaction with law enforcement. The survey distributed on Survey Monkey included questions pertaining to media consumption and perception of police. The theoretical foundations applied within this research were Gerbner’s cultivation theory, social cognitive theory of mass communication, social procedural justice theory, and social exchange theory. Results reflected that a relationship exists between media source types and publics’ perception of police. In addition, a secondary analysis was conducted to control for age. More specifically, the public’s perception of police and the media content consumed from television and social media were influenced differently. Participants who primarily used social media sites to obtain their news had a more negative perception of police compared to those who primarily watched television news. Additionally, results reflected that when individuals become older, they have a more positive perception of police. By bringing individuals’ attention to the effects of social media and single sources of news, the public, law enforcement, and researchers can better understand the public’s perceptions of law enforcement. The results of this study can be used for positive social change by strengthening the relationship and creating a better understanding between the public and law enforcement.
In this paper we present SOA based CLAs12 event Reconstruction and Analyses (CLARA) framework used to develop Earth Science multi-sensor data fusion, processing, and analytics applications (NAIADS: ...NASA JLAB collaboration). CLARA design focus is on two main traits: a) real-time data stream processing, and b) service oriented architecture (SOA) in a flow based programming (FBP) paradigm. Data driven and data centric architecture of CLARA presents an environment for developing agile, elastic, multilingual data processing applications. The CLARA framework presents solutions, capable of processing large volumes of data interactively and substantially faster than batch systems.
Objectives of the NASA Information And Data System (NAIADS) project are to develop a prototype of a conceptually new middleware framework to modernize and significantly improve efficiency of the ...Earth Science data fusion, big data processing and analytics. The key components of the NAIADS include: Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) multi-lingual framework, multi-sensor coincident data Predictor, fast into-memory data Staging, multi-sensor data-Event Builder, complete data-Event streaming (a workflow with minimized IO), on-line data processing control and analytics services. The NAIADS project is leveraging CLARA framework, developed in Jefferson Lab, and integrated with the ZeroMQ messaging library. The science services are prototyped and incorporated into the system. Merging the SCIAMACHY Level-1 observations and MODIS/Terra Level-2 (Clouds and Aerosols) data products, and ECMWF re-analysis will be used for NAIADS demonstration and performance tests in compute Cloud and Cluster environments.
The purpose of this study was to compare the immediate effects of a plyometric warm-up protocol (PWU) and a sprint warm-up protocol (SWU) on jumping performance in female volleyball players aged ...14-16 years. Through a cross-over experimental design, 18 female players were randomly divided into two groups, each receiving both warm-up protocols (PWU and SWU). Before and after each protocol, height and jumping power were evaluated in squat jump (SJ), countermovement jump (CMJ), and Abalakov (ABK) tests using the DM jump® contact mat. Both warm-up protocols significantly improved SJ, CMJ, and ABK performance (p<.05), although mainly for jump height. The comparison between both warm-up protocols in the post-test showed no significant differences (p>.05), although the greatest percentage increase in jump height and power was obtained with the SWU. The ANOVA showed significant differences in group 1 (initially assigned to PWU) for all tests except for CMJ and ABK power. In group 2 (initially assigned to SWU), the ANOVA also showed significant differences, except for SJ and CMJ power. It is concluded that both warm-up protocols improve jump height and power; however, SWU shows a more favorable trend than PWU. From a practical perspective, the preliminary findings of this pilot study can provide useful guidelines for the warm-up process; however, further randomized controlled studies with adequate statistical power are required for more robust conclusions.
The zooplankton assemblages in southern Chilean Patagonia are characterized by calanoid dominance and low species number that is observable under oligotrophic status and wide conductivity values, ...whereas at mesotrophic status the daphnids are dominant with high species number, and finally at hyper-saline environments halophilic species such as Artemia persimilis and/or the calanoid Boeckella poopensis predominate. In the present study data of different lakes and ponds between 45-53° S were analyzed, with the aim to determine potential structures at different sites. For this purpose a null model based in guild structure was applied, considering each guild a different kind of water body (lake, small lake, permanent pond, ephemeral pond, and saline lake). The results revealed in two simulations that guild are structured. These results are similar with other descriptions on the basis of null models that revealed a random pattern of species associations for similar ecosystems due to many species repeated in all or practically all studied sites or similarities of ecological features. Ecological and biogeographical topics were discussed.
The purpose of this study was to compare the immediate effects of a plyometric warm-up protocol (PWU) and a sprint warm-up protocol (SWU) on jumping performance in female volleyball players aged ...14-16 years. Through a cross-over experimental design, 18 female players were randomly divided into two groups, each receiving both warm-up protocols (PWU and SWU). Before and after each protocol, height and jumping power were evaluated in squat jump (SJ), countermovement jump (CMJ), and Abalakov (ABK) tests using the DM jump® contact mat. Both warm-up protocols significantly improved SJ, CMJ, and ABK performance (p<.05), although mainly for jump height. The comparison between both warm-up protocols in the post-test showed no significant differences (p>.05), although the greatest percentage increase in jump height and power was obtained with the SWU. The ANOVA showed significant differences in group 1 (initially assigned to PWU) for all tests except for CMJ and ABK power. In group 2 (initial-ly assigned to SWU), the ANOVA also showed significant differences, except for SJ and CMJ power. It is concluded that both warm-up protocols improve jump height and power; however, SWU shows a more favorable trend than PWU. From a practical perspec-tive, the preliminary findings of this pilot study can provide useful guidelines for the warm-up process; however, further randomized controlled studies with adequate statistical power are required for more robust conclusions.
El propósito de este estudio fue comparar los efectos inmediatos de un protocolo de calentamiento pliométrico (PWU) y un protocolo de calentamiento de sprint (SWU) sobre el rendimiento de salto en jugadoras de vóleibol de 14-16 años. Mediante un diseño experimental cruzado, 18 jugadoras fueron divididas aleatoriamente en dos grupos, cada uno de los cuales recibió ambos protocolos de calentamiento (PWU y SWU). Antes y después de cada protocolo, se evaluó la altura y la potencia en las pruebas de salto en cuclillas (SJ), salto con contramovimiento (CMJ) y Abalakov (ABK) utilizando la alfombra de contacto DM jump®. Ambos protocolos de calentamiento mejoraron significativamente el rendimiento en SJ, CMJ y ABK (p<.05), aunque principalmente para la altura de salto. La comparación entre ambos protocolos de calentamiento en la post-prueba no mostró diferencias significativas (p>.05), aunque el mayor incremento porcentual en la altura y potencia de salto se obtuvo con el SWU. El ANOVA mostró diferen-cias significativas en el grupo 1 (inicialmente asignado a PWU) para todas las pruebas, excepto para la potencia de CMJ y de ABK. En el grupo 2 (asignado inicialmente a SWU), el ANOVA también mostró diferencias significativas, excepto para la potencia de SJ y de CMJ. Se concluye que ambos protocolos de calentamiento mejoran la altura y la potencia de salto; sin embargo, SWU muestra una tendencia más favorable que PWU. Desde una perspectiva práctica, los hallazgos de este estudio piloto pueden proporcionar directri-ces útiles para el proceso de calentamiento; sin embargo, se requieren más estudios controlados aleatorizados con una potencia esta-dística adecuada para obtener conclusiones más robustas.
Infectious diseases caused by H. influenzae type b are considered preventable through vaccination with Hib conjugate vaccines. Some countries which follow Hib vaccination programs are close to ...eradication of the disease. In Mexico in particular, little epidemiological information is available.
In this study, 90 clinical strains of H. influenzae were obtained from Mexican children who were treated in four pediatric hospitals in Puebla City, and were diagnosed with invasive or localized infectious diseases. The strains were identified by standard bacteriological methods. Biotyping was done by Kilian criteria and serotyping by coagglutination.
H. influenzae infections were found in children younger than 5 years of age, and 68.8% of the children were younger than 24 months. Sixty percent of the isolates belonged to serotype b, 31.1% were nontypeable, and 7.7% were considered non-type b. Serotype b was the most frequent isolate associated with invasive infectious diseases; however, nontypeable strains were isolated more frequently from children with otitis, sinusitis, conjunctivitis, and bronchial secretion. Non-type b serotypes were isolated from invasive and non-invasive infections in few cases. Biotypes I and IV were the most frequent isolates of H. influenzae.
This study emphasizes the urgent need for an Hib-conjugated vaccine to achieve immunization in a pediatric population.
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