Abstract
The high granularity timing detector for the ATLAS upgrade is under construction to meet the challenges of the HL-LHC. The silicon detectors along with the electronics are installed in two ...double-sided disks per end-cap and consist of basic units (called modules) connected to the peripheral electronics by flexible printed circuit cables. The complexity of the system impacts on the requirements of having high number of interconnections for the power delivery network, the data-links for the high-speed readout as well as the inputs for the system control. This and other constraints on the topology, the reduced space between disks and mechanical robustness led to the development of a flexible printed circuit cable. We present the design and test of a two-layer flexible cable of a maximum connection distance for the module.
Abstract
The High Granularity Timing Detector for the ATLAS upgrade is under construction to meet the challenges of the HL-LHC. In order to connect a module, the basic detector element, to the ...surrounding peripheral electronic board, a flexible printed circuit (FPC) is used as an interconnection for data transmission and power distribution. An identical design for all FPCs is required except for their length, depending on the module position on the detector active area. The design and qualification of a preliminary FPC version, manufactured in 13 different lengths (from 28.5 to 73.2 cm), are presented.
Abstract
The High Granularity Timing Detector (HGTD) will be installed in the ATLAS experiment to
mitigate pile-up effects during the High Luminosity (HL) phase of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC)
at ...CERN. Low Gain Avalanche Detectors (LGADs) will provide high-precision measurements of the time
of arrival of particles at the HGTD, improving the particle-vertex assignment. To cope with the
high-radiation environment, LGADs have been optimized by adding carbon in the gain layer, thus
reducing the acceptor removal rate after irradiation. Performances of several carbon-enriched
LGAD sensors from different vendors, and irradiated with high fluences of
1.5 and 2.5 × 10
15
n
eq
/cm
2
, have been measured in beam test campaigns during the
years 2021 and 2022 at CERN SPS and DESY. This paper presents the results obtained with data
recorded by an oscilloscope synchronized with a beam telescope which provides particle position
information within a resolution of a few μm. Collected charge, time resolution and hit
efficiency measurements are presented. In addition, the efficiency uniformity is also studied as a
function of the position of the incident particle inside the sensor pad.
Abstract
The High Granularity Timing Detector (HGTD) will be
installed in the ATLAS detector to mitigate pile-up effects during
the High Luminosity (HL) upgrade of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC)
at ...CERN. The design of the HGTD is based on the use of Low Gain
Avalanche Detectors (LGADs), with an active thickness of
50 μm, that allow to measure with high-precision the time of
arrival of particles. The HGTD will improve the particle-vertex
assignment by measuring the track time with a resolution ranging
from approximately 30 ps at the beginning of the HL-LHC operations
to 50 ps at the end. Performances of several unirradiated, as well
as neutron- and proton-irradiated, LGAD sensors from different
vendors have been measured in beam test campaigns during the years
2018 and 2019 at CERN SPS and DESY. This paper presents the results
obtained with data recorded by an oscilloscope synchronized with a
beam telescope which provides particle position information within a
resolution of a few μm. Collected charge, time resolution and
hit efficiency are presented. In addition to these properties, the
charge uniformity is also studied as a function of the position of
the incident particle inside the sensor pad.
Coagulation management in the patient with cirrhosis has undergone a significant transformation since the beginning of this century, with the concept of a rebalancing between procoagulant and ...anticoagulant factors. The paradigm that patients with cirrhosis have a greater bleeding tendency has changed, as a result of this rebalancing. In addition, it has brought to light the presence of complications related to thrombotic events in this group of patients.
These guidelines detail aspects related to pathophysiologic mechanisms that intervene in the maintenance of hemostasis in the patient with cirrhosis, the relevance of portal hypertension, mechanical factors for the development of bleeding, modifications in the hepatic synthesis of coagulation factors, and the changes in the reticuloendothelial system in acute hepatic decompensation and acute-on-chronic liver failure. They address new aspects related to the hemorrhagic complications in patients with cirrhosis, considering the risk for bleeding during diagnostic or therapeutic procedures, as well as the usefulness of different tools for diagnosing coagulation and recommendations on the pharmacologic treatment and blood-product transfusion in the context of hemorrhage. These guidelines also update the knowledge regarding hypercoagulability in the patient with cirrhosis, as well as the efficacy and safety of treatment with the different anticoagulation regimens. Lastly, they provide recommendations on coagulation management in the context of acute-on-chronic liver failure, acute liver decompensation, and specific aspects related to the patient undergoing liver transplantation.
El manejo de la coagulación en el paciente con cirrosis ha sufrido una transformación significativa a partir de principios de este siglo, con el concepto de un rebalanceo entre factores procoagulantes y anticoagulantes. Esto ha cambiado el paradigma de que los pacientes con cirrosis tienen una mayor tendencia a la hemorragia, ya que existe un rebalanceo entre factores procoagulantes y anticoagulantes. Además, ha traído a la luz la presencia de complicaciones relacionadas a eventos trombóticos en este grupo de pacientes.
En estas guías se detallan aspectos relacionados con los mecanismos fisiopatológicos que intervienen en el mantenimiento de la hemostasia en el paciente con cirrosis, la relevancia de la hipertensión portal, factores mecánicos para el desarrollo de sangrado, modificaciones en la síntesis hepática de factores de coagulación, y los cambios en el sistema reticuloendotelial en la descompensación hepática aguda e insuficiencia hepática aguda sobre crónica (IHAC). Se abordan nuevos aspectos relacionados a las complicaciones hemorrágicas en pacientes con cirrosis, considerando el riesgo de hemorragia durante procedimientos diagnósticos o terapéuticos, así como la utilidad de diferentes herramientas diagnósticas de la coagulación y recomendaciones en el tratamiento farmacológico y transfusión de hemoderivados en el contexto de hemorragia. En estas guías se actualiza el conocimiento respecto al diagnóstico y abordaje de complicaciones relacionadas a hipercoagulabilidad en el paciente con cirrosis, así como la eficacia y seguridad del tratamiento con diferentes esquemas de anticoagulación. Finalmente, se mencionarán recomendaciones en el manejo de la coagulación en el contexto de IHAC, descompensación hepática aguda y aspectos específicos relacionados al paciente en protocolo de trasplante hepático.
The High Granularity Timing Detector (HGTD) will be installed in the ATLAS experiment to mitigate pile-up effects during the High Luminosity (HL) phase of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN. Low ...Gain Avalanche Detectors (LGADs) will provide high-precision measurements of the time of arrival of particles at the HGTD, improving the particle-vertex assignment. To cope with the high-radiation environment, LGADs have been optimized by adding carbon in the gain layer, thus reducing the acceptor removal rate after irradiation. Performances of several carbon-enriched LGAD sensors from different vendors, and irradiated with high fluences of 1.5 and 2.5 x 10^15 neq/cm2, have been measured in beam test campaigns during the years 2021 and 2022 at CERN SPS and DESY. This paper presents the results obtained with data recorded by an oscilloscope synchronized with a beam telescope which provides particle position information within a resolution of a few um. Collected charge, time resolution and hit efficiency measurements are presented. In addition, the efficiency uniformity is also studied as a function of the position of the incident particle inside the sensor pad.
Calorimeters with a fine 3-D segmentation are considered to be a very promising technology for future high-energy physics experiments, since they provide in combination with particle flow algorithms ...excellent jet energy resolution and particle identification capabilities. Depending on the size, millions of individual channels consisting of a photosensor coupled to a scintillator tile have to be assembled. The usage of structured plastic scintillators with optically separated segments simplifies the mass production. We present the design, production, and performance of a 36 cm × 36 cm scintillator tile divided into 144 segments matching the geometry of the SiPM-based calorimeter frontend developed within the CALICE collaboration. This approach features a full integration of scintillators, sensors, and electronics. For several prototypes the light yield of the channels and an upper limit for the optical crosstalk have been measured in a cosmic-ray test stand. Accompanying transparency and reflectivity studies with material samples, fabricated with different separation layers between the scintillating parts, have been performed. Conclusions from the development process on the optimum design and production technique are drawn.
To meet the timing resolution requirement of up-coming High Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC), a new detector based on the Low-Gain Avalanche Detector(LGAD), High-Granularity Timing Detector (HGTD), is under ...intensive research in ATLAS. Two types of IHEP-NDL LGADs(BV60 and BV170) for this update is being developed by Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP) of Chinese Academic of Sciences (CAS) cooperated with Novel Device Laboratory (NDL) of Beijing Normal University and they are now under detailed study. These detectors are tested with \(5GeV\) electron beam at DESY. A SiPM detector is chosen as a reference detector to get the timing resolution of LGADs. The fluctuation of time difference between LGAD and SiPM is extracted by fitting with a Gaussian function. Constant fraction discriminator (CFD) method is used to mitigate the effect of time walk. The timing resolution of \(41 \pm 1 ps\) and \(63 \pm 1 ps\) are obtained for BV60 and BV170 respectively.
Abstract Background Early steroid withdrawal (ESW) can improve lipid and hemodynamic profiles without severe acute rejection (AR) events in renal transplant patients. Our objective was to evaluate ...the effects of ESW on the frequency and severity of AR. Methods A randomized, open-label, controlled clinical trial was performed on renal transplant recipients with a follow-up of 12 months. In the ESW group, patients were selected for corticosteroid treatment withdrawal on the fifth day post transplantation. In the Control group, patients continued with steroid treatment. All patients were over 18 years of age with panel reactive antibody (PRA) class I and II HLA <20%. Results In total, 71 patients, 37 in the ESW group (52.1%) and 34 in the Control group (47.9%), had comparable AR incidences at the end of the follow-up (16% vs 15%) (NS) (RR = 1.20, 95% CI = 0.32–3.33). Although renal graft survival was similar between the ESW and Control groups (87% vs 94%), renal function was superior in the ESW group (85 vs 75 mL/min). Additionally, hypertension was less frequent in the ESW group (3% vs 35%), requiring the use of fewer antihypertensives (8% vs 50%). Conclusions ESW was also associated with better blood pressure control and similar AR risk. The ESW group exhibited stable renal function.
Background Trabectedin in combination with pegylated liposomal doxorubicin (PLD) is approved for the treatment of patients with platinum-sensitive relapsed ovarian cancer. Nevertheless, there is ...currently limited information regarding this treatment in elderly patients with ovarian cancer in a real-world setting. Methods This observational and multicentric study retrospectively evaluated trabectedin plus PLD in a real-world setting treatment of elderly patients diagnosed with platinum-sensitive relapsed ovarian cancer, treated according to the Summary of Product Characteristics (SmPC) from 15 GEICO-associated hospitals. Patients greater than or equal to 70 years old at the time of treatment initiation and platinum-free intervals greater than or equal to 6 months were considered eligible. Results Forty-three patients with a median age of 74.0 years were treated between January 1st, 2015, and December 31st, 2019 in 15 Spanish centers. Four patients achieved complete response (9.3%), 14 (32.6%) partial response, and 13 (30.2%) stable disease as the best radiological response. In the analysis of biological overall response according to CA125 serum levels (i.e., Rustin criteria), 14 responded to the treatment (32.6%), 11 responded and normalized (25.6%), three patients stabilized (7.0%) and three progressed (7.0%). Median progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) in the study population were 7.7 and 19.5 months, respectively. The most common grade 3/4 adverse events were neutropenia (n = 8, 18.7%) and asthenia (n = 5, 11.6%). Conclusions This analysis demonstrated that trabectedin combined with PLD is a feasible and effective treatment in elderly patients with platinum-sensitive relapsed ovarian cancer, showing an acceptable safety profile, which is crucial in the palliative treatment of these patients. Keywords: Ovarian cancer, Elderly, Trabectedin, Real-world studies
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
