To understand the constituent and workload of service providers engaged in cancer screening in China and provide evidence for the assessment of the sustainability of national cancer screening ...project.
Using either questionnaire or online approach, the survey was conducted in 16 provinces, where Cancer Screening Program in Urban China (CanSPUC) was conducted, from 2014 to 2015. The medical institutes surveyed included hospitals 71.1% were class Ⅲ(A) hospitals, centers for disease control and prevention (CDCs) and community centers where cancer screening was undertaken during 2013-2015. The questionnaire survey was conducted among the staffs responsible for the overall coordination, management and implementation of the screening project to collect the information about the allocation, workload and compensation of the service providers from different specialties.
A total of 4 626 staffs were surveyed in this study, their average age was (37.7±9.5) years, and males accounted for 31.0%. Human resources allocated
To study the association between comorbidity and acute exacerbation risk in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
This was a prospective cohort study with 64 stable COPD ...patients included. There were 64 males and 18 females with an average age of (68±9) years. Clinical characteristics, the number and type of comorbidities were recorded, and Charlson comorbidity index (CCI) was calculated. The patients were interviewed by phone calls every 3 months since baseline in which the number of acute exacerbations was recorded until 12 months. The impact of CCI, the number of comorbidities and certain comorbidities in the prediction of COPD exacerbation risk were analyzed.
Compared to patients with a lower CCI score, patients with a higher CCI score were older (75±6
62±8), and had more severe lung function impairment FEV(1)%pred: (40±18)%
(52±18)% , higher number of comorbidities 4(3, 7)
1(1, 3) and higher frequency of hospital admission due to acute exacerbation 1(0, 2)
0(0, 0.25). In compa
CB1 cannabinoid receptors (CB1Rs) are involved in protecting the brain from ischemia and related disorders. However, the underlying protective mechanisms are incompletely understood. We investigated ...the effect of CB1R activation on oxidative injury, which has been implicated in neuronal death after cerebral ischemia and neurodegenerative disorders, in mouse cortical neuron cultures. The CB1R agonist Win 55212-2 R-(+)-2,3-dihydro-5-methyl-3-(morpholinyl)methylpyrrolo1,2,3-de-1,4-benzoxazin-yl-(1-naphthalenyl)methanone mesylate reduced neuronal death, measured by lactate dehydrogenase release, in cultures treated with 50 microM FeCl2, and its protective effect was attenuated by the CB1R antagonist SR141716A N-(piperidin-1-yl)-5-(4-chlorophenyl)-1-(2,4-cichlorophenyl)-4-methyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxamide hydrochloride. The endocannabinoid anandamide reproduced the effect of Win 55212-2, as did the antioxidant 6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchroman-2-carboxylic acid (Trolox). Neuronal injury was more severe after in vitro or in vivo administration of FeCl2 to CB1R-knockout compared with wild-type mice. Win 55212-2 reduced the formation of reactive oxidative species in cortical neuron cultures treated with FeCl2, consistent with an antioxidant action. Pertussis toxin reduced CB1R-mediated protection, which points to a protective mechanism that involves signaling through G(i/o) proteins. Since CB1R-activated G protein signaling inhibits protein kinase A but activates phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), we tested the involvement of these pathways in CB1R-mediated neuroprotection. Dibutyryl-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (dbcAMP) blocked protection by Win 55212-2, whereas the PI3K inhibitor wortmannin did not, and the effect of dbcAMP was inhibited by the protein kinase A inhibitor H89 N-2-((p-bromocinnamyl)amino)ethyl-5-isoquinolinesulfonamide (> or =10 nM). CB1R-induced, SR141716A-, pertussis toxin-, and dbcAMP-sensitive protection was also observed for two other oxidative insults, exposure to H2O2 or buthionine sulfoximine. Therefore, receptor-stimulated inhibition of protein kinase A seems to be required for the neuroprotective effect of CB1R activation against oxidative neuronal injury.
The aim of this study was to explore the pathogenesis of typical pituitary apoplexy in different periods, to help to formulate a reasonable treatment program and to select the correct operation time.
...Forty-four cases with pituitary apoplexy were diagnosed by the clinical presentation, pathological examination and surgical findings. Clinical manifestation, imaging features, surgical and pathological findings, as well as their relationships with the courses of this disease were analyzed retrospectively.
The course of typical pituitary apoplexy was divided into two stages (the early hemorrhagic infarct stage and the late necrosis stage). The total removal rates in the early and late stage were 87.5% (14/16) and 100% (28/28), respectively.
Typical pituitary apoplexy is mainly caused by hemorrhage secondary to necrosis after infarction. The staging of this disease provides an important guidance value to diagnosis and treatment. The surgical outcomes in the late stage were significantly better than those in the early stage. The patients without significant symptoms can be conservatively treated by hormone substitution therapy.
Obscuring winds driven away from active supermassive black holes are rarely seen due to their transient nature. They have been observed with multi-wavelength observations in a few Seyfert 1 galaxies ...and one broad absorption line radio-quiet quasar so far. An X-ray obscuration event in MR 2251-178 was caught in late 2020, which triggered multi-wavelength (NIR to X-ray) observations targeting this radio-quiet quasar. In the X-ray band, the obscurer leads to a flux drop in the soft X-ray band from late 2020 to early 2021. X-ray obscuration events might have a quasi-period of two decades considering earlier events in 1980 and 1996. In the UV band, a forest of weak blueshifted absorption features emerged in the blue wing of Ly\(\alpha\) \(\lambda1216\) in late 2020. Our XMM-Newton, NuSTAR, and HST/COS observations are obtained simultaneously, hence, the transient X-ray obscuration event is expected to account for the UV outflow, although they are not necessarily caused by the same part of the wind. Both blueshifted and redshifted absorption features were found for He {\sc i} \(\lambda10830\), but no previous NIR spectra are available for comparison. The X-ray observational features of MR 2251-178 shared similarities with some other type 1 AGNs with obscuring wind. However, observational features in the UV to NIR bands are distinctly different from those seen in other AGN with obscuring winds. A general understanding of the observational variety and the nature of obscuring wind is still lacking.
Abstract By using 6.32 fb −1 of data collected with the BESIII detector at center-of-mass energies between 4.178 and 4.226 GeV, we perform an amplitude analysis of the decay D s + → K S 0 π + π 0 $$ ...{D}_s^{+}\to {K}_S^0{\pi}^{+}{\pi}^0 $$ and determine the relative fractions and phase differences of different intermediate processes, which include K S 0 ρ $$ {K}_S^0\rho $$ (770)+, K S 0 ρ $$ {K}_S^0\rho $$ (1450)+, K *(892)0 π +, K *(892)+ π 0, and K *(1410)0 π +. With the detection efficiency based on the amplitude analysis results, the absolute branching fraction is measured to be ℬ D s + → K S 0 π + π 0 = 5.43 ± 0.30 stat ± 0.15 syst × 10 − 3 $$ \mathrm{\mathcal{B}}\left({D}_s^{+}\to {K}_S^0{\pi}^{+}\pi 0\right)=\left(5.43\pm {0.30}_{\mathrm{stat}}\pm {0.15}_{\mathrm{syst}}\right)\times {10}^{-3} $$ .
A large high-altitude air-shower observatory (LHAASO) is to be built at Shangri-La, Yunnan Province, China. This observatory is intended to conduct sub-TeV gamma astronomy, and as an important ...component of the LHAASO project, a water Cherenkov detector array (WCDA) is proposed. To investigate engineering issues and fully understand the water Cherenkov technique for detecting air showers, a prototype array at 1% scale of the LHAASO-WCDA has been built at Yang-Ba-Jing, Tibet, China. This paper introduces the prototype array setup and studies its performance by counting rate of each photomultiplier tube (PMT), trigger rates at different PMT multiplicities, and responses to air showers. Finally, the reconstructed shower directions and angular resolutions of the detected showers for the prototype array are given.
•The technique of the water Cherenkov array is studied.•Engineering issues of the water Cherenkov array are investigated.•The PMTs and electronics of the water Cherenkov array are tested.•Some key parameters of the water Cherenkov array are measured.
Between May 2004 and March 2005, samples of suspended particulate matter (SPM) were collected from the top 200
m on five cruises to the South-East Asia time-series study (SEATS) Station. Isotopic and ...elemental analyses of the organic matter in these samples gave
δ
13C values ranging from −25.2‰ to −21.3‰ with a decreasing trend downward, and C/N ratios ranging from 5.5 to 11.4 with a weighted mean value of 6.74, which is very close to the Redfield ratio, suggesting a predominantly marine origin. The temporal isotopic variation in the surface layer has been successfully simulated with the algorithm based on diffusion-controlled carbon uptake during photosynthesis. The calculation of the carbon isotopic composition of phytoplankton was based on observed values of hydrographic, isotopic and chemical variables. It is noted that variations in the biological parameters, including the specific growth rate, enzymatic isotope fractionation during carbon fixation, cell size, and cell wall permeability, within the normal ranges may have contributed significantly to the observed isotope variability. According to simulation using the same algorithm, isotopically very light particulate organic carbon (POC) could be produced in the subsurface euphotic zone due to the much reduced specific growth rate, but the contribution of the subsurface production to the sinking flux was probably not significant. Sediment traps deployed from September 2001 to May 2002 in the northern South China Sea (SCS) provided samples for isotopic and elemental analyses of the organic matter. The measurements gave
δ
13C values ranging from −25‰ to −20.8‰ and C/N ratios ranging from 5.5 to 18. The isotopic variation of organic carbon in the sediment trap samples was successfully explained by the mixing of terrigenous organics (
δ
13C=−25.5‰ and C/N=22) and marine organics (
δ
13C=−22.1±1.1‰ and C/N=6.63±1). The latter composition is very close to the weighted mean composition of the suspended particulate organic matter (POM) from the top 20
m, implying the surface water as the major source of organic matter in sinking particles. Compared to previously reported results of samples collected from the seafloor in the SCS, the inferred
δ
13C values of the marine organics in the sinking flux are lower than those (
δ
13C=−22.9‰ to −20.1‰) of the POC in the nepheloid layer, which are in turn lower than those of the organics (
δ
13C=−21.5‰ to −18.8‰) in surficial sediments. The progressively heavier POC below the top 200
m is contrary to the trend of decreasing
δ
13C
POC in the top 200
m. We have demonstrated that the Suess effect and the elevated concentration of aqueous CO
2 in the surface water due to the increasing atmospheric CO
2 partial pressure may cause depletion of
13C more than enough to account for the observed depression of
δ
13C values in the progressively younger POM. In the past, diagentic isotopic alteration has been proposed as the process responsible for both the decreasing trend of
δ
13C
POC in the surface layer and the increasing trend in the subsurface layer. Although the diagenetic effect cannot be ruled out, this study shows that other processes are sufficient to explain the observed trends of isotopic variation of POC.
Strong spin orbital interaction (SOI) can induce unique quantum phenomena such as topological insulators, the Rashba effect, or p-wave superconductivity. Combining these three quantum phenomena into ...a single compound has important scientific implications. Here we report experimental observations of consecutive quantum phase transitions from a Rashba type topological trivial phase to topological insulator state then further proceeding to superconductivity in a SOI compound BiTeI tuned via pressures. The electrical resistivity measurement with V shape change signals the transition from a Rashba type topological trivial to a topological insulator phase at 2 GPa, which is caused by an energy gap close then reopen with band inverse. Superconducting transition appears at 8 GPa with a critical temperature TC of 5.3 K. Structure refinements indicate that the consecutive phase transitions are correlated to the changes in the Bi–Te bond and bond angle as function of pressures. As a result, the Hall Effect measurements reveal an intimate relationship between superconductivity and the unusual change in carrier density that points to possible unconventional superconductivity.
Abstract The decays D → K − π + π + π − and D → K − π + π 0 are studied in a sample of quantum-correlated D D ¯ $$ D\overline{D} $$ pairs produced through the process e + e − → ψ(3770) → D D ¯ $$ ...D\overline{D} $$ , exploiting a data set collected by the BESIII experiment that corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 2.93 fb −1. Here D indicates a quantum superposition of a D 0 and a D ¯ 0 $$ {\overline{D}}^0 $$ meson. By reconstructing one neutral charm meson in a signal decay, and the other in the same or a different final state, observables are measured that contain information on the coherence factors and average strong-phase differences of each of the signal modes. These parameters are critical inputs in the measurement of the angle γ of the Unitarity Triangle in B − → DK − decays at the LHCb and Belle II experiments. The coherence factors are determined to be R K3π = 0.52 − 0.10 + 0.12 $$ {0.52}_{-0.10}^{+0.12} $$ and R K ππ 0 $$ {R}_{K{\pi \pi}^0} $$ = 0.78 ± 0.04, with values for the average strong-phase differences that are δ D K 3 π = 167 − 19 + 31 ° $$ {\delta}_D^{K3\pi }=\left({167}_{-19}^{+31}\right){}^{\circ} $$ and δ D K ππ 0 = 196 − 15 + 14 ° $$ {\delta}_D^{K{\pi \pi}^0}=\left({196}_{-15}^{+14}\right){}^{\circ} $$ , where the uncertainties include both statistical and systematic contributions. The analysis is re-performed in four bins of the phase-space of the D → K − π + π + π − to yield results that will allow for a more sensitive measurement of γ with this mode, to which the BESIII inputs will contribute an uncertainty of around 6°.
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