CD93, also known as complement component C1q receptor, is expressed on the surface of different cellular types such as monocytes, neutrophils, platelets, microglia, and endothelial cells, and it ...plays a pivotal role in cell proliferation, cell migration, and formation of capillary-like structures. These processes are strictly regulated, and many fetal and maternal players are involved during placental development. At present, there are no studies in literature regarding CD93 in placental development, so we investigated CD93 expression in first and third trimester and PE placentas by immunohistochemistry and western blotting analysis. In addition, we performed in vitro experiments under oxidative stress conditions to demonstrate how oxidative stress acts on CD93 protein expression. Our data showed that CD93 was expressed in villous cytotrophoblast cells, in some fetal vessels of first and third trimester and PE placentas and in the extravillous cytotrophoblast of cell columns in the first trimester placentas. Moreover, we detected a significant decrease of CD93 expression in third trimester and PE placentas compared to first trimester placentas, while no differences were detected between third and PE placentas. No differences of CD93 expression were detected in oxidative stress conditions. We suggest that CD93 can guide extravillous cytotrophoblast migration through β1-integrin in uterine spiral arteries during placentation in the first trimester of pregnancy and that the decrease of CD93 expression in third trimester and PE placentas could be linked to the poor extravillous cytotrophoblast cells migration. So, it might be interesting to understand the role of CD93 in the first phases of PE onset.
Three killer toxins that were previously investigated, one excreted by Kluyveromyces wickerhamii and two by different strains of Wickerhamomyces anomalus, were produced at the pilot scale, ...lyophilized and characterized, and the formulates were assessed for their zymocidial effect against Brettanomyces bruxellensis spoilage yeast. A comparative analysis allowed the evaluation of the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) against a sensitive strain. Fungicidal and fungistatic concentrations were used to evaluate the cytocidal effect using a cytofluorimetric approach that confirmed the lethal effect of all lyophilized formulates against
spoilage yeasts. Moreover, the potential killer toxins' cytotoxicity against human intestinal cells (Caco-2) were evaluated to exclude any possible negative effect on the consumers. Finally, the effective lethal effect of all three lyophilized killer toxins toward
sensitive strain were tested. The results indicated that all of them acted without dangerous effects on the human epithelial cells, opening the way for their possible commercial application. In particular, D15 showed the lowest MIC and the highest activity, was evaluated also in wine, revealing a strong reduction of
yeast growth and, at the same time, a control of ethyl phenols production.
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most prevalent neurodegenerative disorder currently affecting the ageing population. Although the aetiology of PD has yet to be fully elucidated, environmental ...factors such as exposure to the naturally occurring neurotoxin rotenone has been associated with an increased risk of developing PD. Rotenone inhibits mitochondrial respiratory chain (MRC) complex I activity as well as induces dopaminergic neuronal death. The aim of the present study was to investigate the underlying mechanisms of rotenone-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress in an in vitro SH-SY5Y neuronal cell model of PD and to assess the ability of pre-treatment with Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) to ameliorate oxidative stress in this model. Spectrophotometric determination of the mitochondrial enzyme activities and fluorescence probe studies of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production was assessed. Significant inhibition of MRC complex I and II–III activities was observed, together with a significant loss of neuronal viability, CoQ10 status, and ATP synthesis. Additionally, significant increases were observed in intracellular and mitochondrial ROS production. Remarkably, CoQ10 supplementation was found to reduce ROS formation. These results have indicated mitochondrial dysfunction and increased oxidative stress in a rotenone-induced neuronal cell model of PD that was ameliorated by CoQ10 supplementation.
Menaquinone-7 (MK7) is a member of the vitamin K family in which interest has considerably increased over the last decade, mainly due to its beneficial role in human health. MK7 can be produced by ...synthesis or fermentation, and its purity profile can differ depending on methodologies and extraction procedures. Finished formulations show a high heterogeneity of purity profiles, as well as frequent discrepancies in the nominal content, compared to the actual title. The present study compared purity profiles of different raw material and related them to their stability in normal (12 months/25 °C/60%RH) and accelerated conditions (6 months/40 °C/75% RH) in order to test their performance in the presence of different common excipients. Results showed higher purity profile results in enhanced stability, and this could explain title discrepancies found in finished products, which are present on the market worldwide.
Diabetic neuropathy is a risk factor for developing complications such as autonomic cardiovascular disease, osteoarthropathy, foot ulcers, and infections, which may be the direct cause of death. Even ...worse, patients plagued by this condition display painful neuropathic symptoms that are usually severe and frequently lead to depression, anxiety, and sleep disarrays, eventually leading to a poor quality of life. There is a general interest in evaluating the therapeutic properties of topical capsaicin cream as an effective agent for pain relief in these patients. As such, the current review makes use of major search engines like PubMed and Google Scholar, to bring an updated analysis of clinical studies reporting on the therapeutic effects of capsaicin in patients with painful diabetic neuropathy. In fact, most of the summarized literature indicates that topical capsaicin (0.075 %) cream, when applied to the painful areas for approximately 8 weeks, can reduce pain, which may lead to clinical improvements in walking, working, and sleeping in patients with painful diabetic neuropathy. The current review also discusses essential information on capsaicin, including its source, bioavailability profile, as well as treatment doses and duration, to highlight its therapeutic potential.
Objectives: Physical exercise significantly impacts the biochemistry of the organism. Ubiquinone is a key component of the mitochondrial respiratory chain and ubiquinol, its reduced and active form, ...is an emerging molecule in sport nutrition. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of ubiquinol supplementation on biochemical and oxidative stress indexes after an intense bout of exercise.
Methods: 21 male young athletes (26 + 5 years of age) were randomized in two groups according to a double blind cross-over study, either supplemented with ubiquinol (200 mg/day) or placebo for 1 month. Blood was withdrawn before and after a single bout of intense exercise (40 min run at 85% maxHR). Physical performance, hematochemical parameters, ubiquinone/ubiquinol plasma content, intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) level, mitochondrial membrane depolarization, paraoxonase activity and oxidative DNA damage were analyzed.
Results: A single bout of intense exercise produced a significant increase in most hematochemical indexes, in particular CK and Mb while, on the contrary, normalized coenzyme Q
10
plasma content decreased significantly in all subjects. Ubiquinol supplementation prevented exercise-induced CoQ deprivation and decrease in paraoxonase activity. Moreover at a cellular level, in peripheral blood mononuclear cells, ubiquinol supplementation was associated with a significant decrease in cytosolic ROS while mitochondrial membrane potential and oxidative DNA damage remained unchanged.
Discussion: Data highlights a very rapid dynamic of CoQ depletion following intense exercise underlying an increased demand by the organism. Ubiquinol supplementation minimized exercise-induced depletion and enhanced plasma and cellular antioxidant levels but it was not able to improve physical performance indexes or markers of muscular damage.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Evidence from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) suggests that coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) can regulate adipokine levels to impact inflammation and oxidative stress in conditions of metabolic syndrome. ...Here, prominent electronic databases such as MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, and EMBASE were searched for eligible RCTs reporting on any correlation between adipokine levels and modulation of inflammation and oxidative stress in individuals with metabolic syndrome taking CoQ10. The risk of bias was assessed using the modified Black and Downs checklist, while the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) tool was used to evaluate the quality of evidence. Results from the current meta-analysis, involving 318 participants, showed that CoQ10 supplementation in individuals with metabolic syndrome increased adiponectin levels when compared to those on placebo (SMD: 1.44 95% CI: −0.13, 3.00; I2 = 96%, p < 0.00001). Moreover, CoQ10 supplementation significantly lowered inflammation markers in individuals with metabolic syndrome in comparison to those on placebo (SMD: −0.31 95% CI: −0.54, −0.08; I2 = 51%, p = 0.07). Such benefits with CoQ10 supplementation were related to its ameliorative effects on lipid peroxidation by reducing malondialdehyde levels, concomitant to improving glucose control and liver function. The overall findings suggest that optimal regulation of adipokine function is crucial for the beneficial effects of CoQ10 in improving metabolic health.
In this randomized, double-blind, single-center trial (ANZCTR number ACTRN12619000436178) we aimed to investigate changes in endothelium-dependent vasodilation induced by ubiquinol, the reduced form ...of coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10), in healthy subjects with moderate dyslipidemia. Fifty-one subjects with low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels of 130-200 mg/dL, not taking statins or other lipid lowering treatments, moderate (2.5%-6.0%) endothelial dysfunction as measured by flow-mediated dilation (FMD) of the brachial artery, and no clinical signs of cardiovascular disease were randomized to receive either ubiquinol (200 or 100 mg/day) or placebo for 8 weeks. The primary outcome measure was the effect of ubiquinol supplementation on FMD at the end of the study. Secondary outcomes included changes in FMD on week 4, changes in total and oxidized plasma CoQ10 on week 4 and week 8, and changes in serum nitrate and nitrite levels (NOx), and plasma LDL susceptibility to oxidation in vitro on week 8. Analysis of the data of the 48 participants who completed the study demonstrated a significantly increased FMD in both treated groups compared with the placebo group (200 mg/day, +1.28% ± 0.90%; 100 mg/day, +1.34% ± 1.44%;
< 0.001) and a marked increase in plasma CoQ10, either total (
< 0.001) and reduced (
< 0.001). Serum NOx increased significantly and dose-dependently in all treated subjects (
= 0.016), while LDL oxidation lag time improved significantly in those receiving 200 mg/day (
= 0.017). Ubiquinol significantly ameliorated dyslipidemia-related endothelial dysfunction. This effect was strongly related to increased nitric oxide bioavailability and was partly mediated by enhanced LDL antioxidant protection.
This review describes the researches performed in the last years to assess the impact of pesticide sub-lethal doses on soil microorganisms and non-target organisms in agricultural soil ecosystems. ...The overview was developed through the careful description and a critical analysis of three methodologies based on culture-independent approaches involving DNA extraction and sequencing (denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis, DGGE; next-generation sequencing, NGS) to characterize the microbial population and DNA damage assessment (comet assay) to determine the effect on soil invertebrates. The examination of the related published articles showed a continuous improvement of the possibility to detect the detrimental effect of the pesticides on soil microorganisms and non-target organisms at sub-lethal doses, i.e., doses which have no lethal effect on the organisms. Considering the overall critical discussion on microbial soil monitoring in the function of pesticide treatments, we can confirm the usefulness of PCR-DGGE as a screening technique to assess the genetic diversity of microbial communities. Nowadays, DGGE remains a preliminary technique to highlight rapidly the main differences in microbial community composition, which is able to give further information if coupled with culture-dependent microbiological approaches, while thorough assessments must be gained by high-throughput techniques such as NGS. The comet assay represents an elective technique for assessing genotoxicity in environmental biomonitoring, being mature after decades of implementation and widely used worldwide for its direct, simple, and affordable implementation. Nonetheless, in order to promote the consistency and reliability of results, regulatory bodies should provide guidelines on the optimal use of this tool, strongly indicating the most reliable indicators of DNA damage. This review may help the European Regulation Authority in deriving new ecotoxicological endpoints to be included in the Registration Procedure of new pesticides.
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