Circadian nutritional behaviors, defined by the daily eating/fasting cycle, have been linked with breast cancer. This study aimed to further disentangle the association of nighttime fasting duration ...and time of breakfast with breast cancer risk. We analyzed data from 1,181 breast cancer cases and 1,326 population controls from the Spanish multicase-control study (MCC-Spain), 2008–2013. We collected circadian nutritional behaviors at mid-age
via
a telephonic interview. We applied logistic regression to estimate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the association of nighttime fasting duration and time of breakfast with breast cancer risk in all women and stratified by menopausal status. Models were adjusted for age, center, education, family history of breast cancer, age at menarche, number of children, breastfeeding, age at first child, body mass index (BMI), contraceptive use, and hormonal replacement therapy (HRT). A later time of breakfast was associated with a non-significant increased risk of breast cancer (OR = 1.05, 95% CI: 0.95–1.16, per hour increase). This association was stronger among premenopausal women, among whom each hour later, the time of breakfast was associated with an 18% increase in breast cancer risk (OR = 1.18, 95% CI: 1.01–1.40). The association was not observed in postmenopausal women. We did not observe an association between nighttime fasting duration and breast cancer risk after adjusting for the time of breakfast. In this study, late breakfast was associated with increased breast cancer risk, especially among premenopausal women, compared with early breakfast. Aside from nutritional quality, circadian nutritional behaviors should be further studied in relation to cancer.
The role of diet quality on malnutrition in older adults is uncertain, due the paucity of the research conducted and the use of use of screening tools that did not consider phenotypic criteria of ...malnutrition.
To evaluate the association of two indices of diet quality, namely the Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener (MEDAS) and the Alternative Healthy Eating Index (AHEI-2010), with malnutrition among community-dwelling older adults in Spain.
Cross-sectional analysis of data from 1921 adults aged ≥ 60 years from the Seniors-ENRICA-1 (SE-1) study, and 2652 adults aged ≥ 65 years from the Seniors-ENRICA-2 (SE-2) study. Habitual food consumption was assessed through a validated diet history. Malnutrition was defined according to the Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) phenotypic criteria. Statistical analyses were performed with logistic regression with adjustment for socioeconomic and lifestyle variables as well as for total energy and protein intake.
The prevalence of malnutrition in the SE-1 study was 9.5% (95% confidence interval: 8.2 to 10.9) and 11.7% (10.5 to 13.9) in the SE-2. Adherence to the MEDAS score was associated with lower prevalence of malnutrition pooled odds ratio for high (≥ 9 points) vs. low adherence (< 7 points): 0.64 (0.48-0.84); p-trend < 0.001. Higher adherence to the AHEI-2010 also showed an inverse association with malnutrition (pooled odds ratio for quartile 4 vs. 1: 0.65 (0.49-0.86); p-trend 0.006). Among the individual components, higher consumption of fish and long-chain n-3 fatty acids in MEDAS and AHEI-2010, and of vegetables and nuts and legumes in AHEI-2010, and lower intake of trans-fat and sugar-sweetened beverages and fruit juice in AHEI-2010 were independently associated with lower odds of malnutrition.
Adherence to high diet-quality patterns was associated with lower frequency of malnutrition among older adults.
ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02804672. June 17, 2016.; ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03541135. May 30, 2018.
Breast and prostate cancers have been associated with circadian disruption. Some previous studies examined associations of sleep duration and breast or prostate cancer risk though findings remain ...inconsistent. This study examines associations of a range of detailed sleep characteristics and breast and prostate cancer risk in a large-scale population-based case-control study, MCC-Spain. A total of 1738 incident breast cancer cases, 1112 prostate cancer cases and frequency matched controls (n = 1910, and 1493 respectively) were recruited. Detailed data on habitual sleep duration, quality, timing, and daytime napping ("siesta") were collected at recruitment. Additional data on sleep habits during both the previous year and at age 40 years were also subsequently captured. Adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated. There were no associations of habitual sleep duration (h), timing of sleep, or any or specific sleep problems, and either breast and prostate cancer risk. There was a significant positive association of ever taking habitual siestas at recruitment and breast cancer risk (OR = 1.22, 95% CI 1.06-1.42), which strengthened with increased frequency or duration. There were also significant positive associations observed for both breast and prostate cancer, among those reporting recent sleep problems, but not sleep problems at age 40 years, in a subsequent circadian questionnaire. Adverse associations with siesta and disturbed sleep during the previous year likely reflect symptoms of developing/diagnosed cancer and comorbidities. Overall, there was no clear association between various sleep characteristics and breast or prostate cancer risk observed.
BACKGROUND // The first COVID-19 lockdown was a very restrictive situation that may have impacted on the prevalence and patterns
of cannabis use. The aim of this systematic review was to assess the ...evidence on cannabis use and reasons for use in different
countries during first lockdown in young adults and general population.
METHODS // This study followed PRISMA guidelines, and the review protocol was registered in PROSPERO (registration CRD42022303181).
The search was carried out in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science y Embase databases. Inclusion criteria were: cross-sectional or cohort
studies; population ≥16 years; exploring cannabis use during lockdown; and English or Spanish language.
RESULTS // Thirty studies, conducted in European countries (n=17), North America (n=12) and rest of the world (n=1), were analysed.
The overall prevalence of cannabis use was found to be largely unchanged, but regular users tended to maintain (between 39.5%
and 96.8% of the sample) or increase cannabis use (between 2.9% and 51.6%). The main decreases were among occasional users.
Some reasons for the increase were boredom, loneliness, stress, coping and depressive symptoms. In addition, young people were the
heaviest users, and being younger, live without family, financial problems and a low educational level were significantly (p-value<0.05)
associated with increased use.
CONCLUSIONS // Most regular users maintained or slightly increased their use, with young people being the main users. Concerning
reasons for use like coping and depressive symptoms were found. Cannabis use needs to be addressed with strategies focused on the
young population, considering occasional and regular use, as well as motivations.
FUNDAMENTOS // El primer confinamiento por la COVID-19 fue una situación muy restrictiva que pudo haber impactado sobre la
prevalencia y los patrones de consumo de cannabis. El objetivo de esta revisión sistemática fue evaluar la evidencia sobre el consumo
y los motivos de consumo de cannabis en diferentes países durante el primer confinamiento en adultos jóvenes y población general.
MÉTODOS // Este estudio siguió las directrices PRISMA y el protocolo de revisión se registró en PROSPERO (registro CRD42022303181).
Se realizó una búsqueda en las bases de datos PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science y Embase en julio de 2023. Los criterios de inclusión
fueron: estudios transversales o de cohortes; población con edad igual o mayor de 16 años; explorar el consumo durante el confinamiento;
e idioma inglés o español.
RESULTADOS // Se analizaron treinta estudios, realizados en países europeos (n=17), norteamericanos (n=12) y resto del mundo (n=1).
Se observó que la prevalencia global de consumo de cannabis no experimentó grandes cambios, pero los consumidores regulares
tendieron a mantener (entre el 39,5% y el 96,8% de la muestra) o a incrementar el consumo (entre el 2,9% y el 51,6%). Las principales
disminuciones se dieron en consumidores ocasionales. Algunos motivos para el aumento fueron aburrimiento, soledad, estrés, afrontamiento
y síntomas depresivos. Además, los jóvenes fueron los mayores consumidores y ser más joven, vivir sin la familia, los problemas
financieros y un bajo nivel de estudios se asociaron significativamente (p-valor menor de 0,05) con el aumento del consumo.
CONCLUSIONES // La mayor parte de consumidores regulares mantuvieron o aumentaron ligeramente su consumo, siendo los
jóvenes los principales consumidores. Se encontraron motivos de consumo alarmantes como el afrontamiento y los síntomas depresivos.
Es necesario que el consumo de cannabis se aborde con estrategias enfocadas en la población joven, considerando el consumo
ocasional y regular, así como las motivaciones.
Abstract
Background
During adolescence and youth there are relevant changes in the consolidation, gain or loss of consumption habits and lifestyles and the family factors has a fundamental role to ...development these habits. The study of the consumption of toxins, such as alcohol intake, is crucial at this stage due to the repercussions that said consumption presents in adulthood. Therefore, the objective of our study was to evaluate the associations between alcohol consumption patterns and related family factors (family functioning, family history of alcohol consumption) in Spanish university students.
Methods
Observational, descriptive, cross-sectional, multicenter study, carried out in first-year university students from 11 Spanish universities. Through an online questionnaire, alcohol consumption (risky consumption and intensive consumption or binge drinking), family functioning and history of alcohol in the family were evaluated.
Risky alcohol consumption and binge drinking were assessed using the AUDIT test, and family functioning was assessed using the family APGAR questionnaire. A descriptive analysis of the data was performed, as well as the Chi-Square test and Student's T-Test, and non-conditional logistic regression models were carried out to examine this association.
Results
The prevalence of risky alcohol consumption identified in the 10,167 respondents was 16.9% (95% CI = 16.2–17.6), and that of BD was 48.8% (95% CI = 47.9–48.8). There is a significant association between risky alcohol consumption and family functioning in students of both sexes, with greater consumption in the face of severe dysfunctional support (men OR = 1.72;
p
< 0.001 and women OR = 1.74;
p
< 0.001) and family history of consumption (
p
= 0.005). Regarding the binge drinking pattern, no statistically significant differences were observed.
Conclusions
Risky alcohol consumption in university students is associated with dysfunctional family support, unlike the binge drinking pattern, where there is no such association.
The findings of this study show the importance of creating prevention programs focused on the family approach in university students, which include alcohol screening in the population with a family history of this substance, and greater social support from health services.
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Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Introduction: The main objective of this systematic review was to explore the relationship between people with metabolic syndrome criteria, their dietary patterns and the development of ...sarcopenia.Methodology: A systematic review was performed in accordance with the standard of the PRISMA guidelines. The inclusion criteria were adult population (18 years and over), both sexes, diagnosed with metabolic syndrome (MS) or one of their components (obesity, dislypemia, hypertension or insulin resistance), cross-sectional, cohort studies or randomized controlled trials and articles in English or Spanish. The protocol registration number in PROSPERO is CRD42022369071.Results: 662 articles were found, after screening and selection, 16 were analyzed. The aforementioned articles were 12 cross-sectional studies, 1 RCT and 3 cohort studies. The total sample studied was 21453 people. Heterogeneity was observed in the gathering of study information methods. The results were divided into three groups according to the data collection methods used in the study: dietary survey, Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) and other methods. An association was found between low intake of fiber or vitamin C and unbalanced diets with the development of sarcopenia in people with MS. Otherwise, it was found an association between a diet rich in carbohydrates, Dietary approaches to stop hypertension (DASH), Mediterranean, ovolactovegetarian and Brazilian traditional diets and a lower risk of development sarcopenia. Conclusions: It was found an association between low-fiber intake and unbalanced diets and a high risk of development sarcopenia while diet while good quality diets with a high content of vegetables, fiber and anti-inflammatory foods reduced the risk
Introducción: El objetivo principal de esta revisión sistemática fue explorar la relación entre los patrones dietéticos y el desarrollo de sarcopenia en personas con criterios diagnósticos de síndrome metabólico.Metodología: Se realizó una revisión sistemática de acuerdo con el estándar de las directrices PRISMA. Los criterios de inclusión fueron población adulta (mayor de 18 años), ambos sexos, diagnosticados de síndrome metabólico (SM) o alguno de sus componentes (obesidad, dislipemia, hipertensión o resistencia a la insulina), estudios transversales, de cohortes o ensayos clínicos aleatorizados y artículos en inglés o español. El número de registro del protocolo en PROSPERO es CRD42022369071.Resultados: Se encontraron 662 artículos, tras el cribado y selección se analizaron 16. Dichos artículos fueron 12 estudios transversales, 1 ECA y 3 estudios de cohortes. La muestra total estudiada fue de 21453 personas. Se observó heterogeneidad en los métodos de recogida de información de los estudios. Los resul-tados se dividieron en tres grupos según los métodos de recogida de datos utilizados en el estudio: encues-ta dietética, Cuestionario de Frecuencia de Alimentos (FFQ) y otros métodos. Se encontró una asociación entre la baja ingesta de fibra o vitamina C y las dietas desequilibradas con el desarrollo de sarcopenia en personas con SM. Sin embargo, se encontró asociación entre una dieta rica en hidratos de carbono, Dietary approaches to stop hypertension (DASH), la dieta mediterránea, ovolactovegetariana y las dietas tradicio-nales brasileñas y un menor riesgo de desarrollo sarcopenia.Conclusiones: Se encontró una asociación entre la baja ingesta de fibra y las dietas desequilibradas y un alto riesgo de desarrollo de sarcopenia, mientras que las dietas de buena calidad con un alto contenido en verduras, fibra y alimentos antiinflamatorios redujeron el riesgo.
Background Dietary polyphenol intake has been associated with a decreased risk of hyperuricemia, but most of this knowledge comes from preclinical studies. The aim of the present study was to assess ...the association of the intake of different classes of polyphenols with serum uric acid and hyperuricemia. Methods and Results This cross‐sectional analysis involved baseline data of 6332 participants. Food polyphenol content was estimated by a validated semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire and from the Phenol‐Explorer database. Multivariable‐adjusted linear regression models with serum uric acid (milligrams per deciliter) as the outcome and polyphenol intake (quintiles) as the main independent variable were fitted. Cox regression models with constant follow‐up time (t=1) were performed to estimate the prevalence ratios (PRs) of hyperuricemia (≥7 mg/dL in men and ≥6 mg/dL in women). An inverse association between the intake of the phenolic acid class (β coefficient, −0.17 mg/dL for quintile 5 versus quintile 1 95% CI, −0.27 to −0.06) and hydroxycinnamic acids (β coefficient, −0.19 95% CI, −0.3 to −0.09), alkylmethoxyphenols (β coefficient, −0.2 95% CI, −0.31 to −0.1), and methoxyphenols (β coefficient, −0.24 95% CI, −0.34 to −0.13) subclasses with serum uric acid levels and hyperuricemia (PR, 0.82 95% CI, 0.71–0.95; PR, 0.82 95% CI, 0.71–0.95; PR, 0.80 95% CI, 0.70–0.92; and PR, 0.79 95% CI, 0.69–0.91; respectively) was found. The intake of hydroxybenzoic acids was directly and significantly associated with mean serum uric acid levels (β coefficient, 0.14 for quintile 5 versus quintile 1 95% CI, 0.02–0.26) but not with hyperuricemia. Conclusions In individuals with metabolic syndrome, a higher intake of some polyphenol subclasses (hydroxycinnamic acids, alkylmethoxyphenol, and methoxyphenol) was inversely associated with serum uric acid levels and hyperuricemia. Nevertheless, our findings warrant further research.
The aim of this meta-analysis was to assess the effects of a lifestyle intervention through health education on nutrition, physical activity, and healthy habits on physical and mental health-related ...quality of life (HRQoL), in adults with metabolic syndrome (MetS). The databases used were PubMed, WOS, and Scopus. The inclusion criteria were: observational, longitudinal and randomized clinical trial (RCT) study designs, adults (both sexes), with at least two criteria of MetS, lifestyle intervention and comparison with a control group, and a measurement of HRQoL with a validated questionnaire. We analyzed the Hedges' g and SF-36 score. I
statistics were calculated and possible publication and small study biases were assessed using Egger's test and funnel plots. Seven RCTs were selected for meta-analysis, based on 637 study participants. Significant improvements were found in the physical dimensions of the HRQoL scores for subjects in the active intervention compared to the group that received general lifestyle information (Hedges'
0.61, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.31-0.91). Mental health-related quality of life was also significantly improved in the intervention group compared with the control group (Hedges'
0.84, 95% CI = 0.64-1.03). In conclusion, our results suggest that, according to the RCTs selected for this meta-analysis, a lifestyle intervention significantly improves HRQoL in all its domains.
We assessed if a 17-item score capturing adherence to a traditional Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) was associated with better health-related quality of life among older Spanish men and women with ...overweight or obesity harboring the metabolic syndrome. We analyzed baseline data from 6430 men and women (age 55-70 years) participating in the PREDIMED-Plus study. PREDIMED-Plus is a multi-centre randomized trial testing an energy-restricted MedDiet combined with promotion of physical activity and behavioral therapy for primary cardiovascular prevention compared to a MedDiet alone. Participants answered a 36-item questionnaire about health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and a 17-item questionnaire that assessed adherence to an MedDiet. We used ANCOVA and multivariable-adjusted linear regression models to compare baseline adjusted means of the quality of life scales according to categories of adherence to the MedDiet. Higher adherence to the MedDiet was independently associated with significantly better scores in the eight dimensions of HRQoL. Adjusted differences of > = 3 points between the highest and the lowest dietary adherence groups to the MedDiet were observed for vitality, emotional role, and mental health and of > = 2 points for the other dimensions. In conclusion, this study shows a positive association between adherence to a MedDiet and several dimensions of quality of life.
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Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
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