In order to determine the influence of recovery techniques with water (flotation and wet sieving) on carbonized plant remains, a certain amount of wheat, barley, millet, horsebean and lentil ...macrofossils from archaeological sites was taken and treated with water. Moist recovery was also applied to in-laboratory, artificially, charred barley, millet and lentil samples. After the treatments, the investigated remains were re-counted and the percentages of still recognizable remains for every plant species and for each method were recorded. Comparisons were made of the sensitivities of the investigated species and of the differences in the degree of macrofossil breakup depending on the method of recovery. Our investigation proved that flotation is a less aggressive method than wet sieving and that barley, horsebean and wheat carbonized macrofossils are resistant to moist treatments, while the breakup percentage of lentil and millet (from archaeological sites) is higher than 30%, which should be taken into account when deciding on the (non)use of water recovery in the investigations.
This paper presents the results of the first extensive archaeobotanical research into a Bronze Age site in Croatia. The aim of the study was to reveal what plants were consumed (grown) at ...Kalnik-Igrišče (NW Croatia) in the Bronze Age and to realize if the plant diet of the local population differed from that of the inhabitants in neighboring countries. The results show that all plant macrofossils found at Kalnik-Igrišče can be classified into one of four functional groups: cereals, cultivated legumes, useful trees and weeds. As much as 98% of the findings are of cereals and legumes. The most abundant species found are Panicum miliaceum (millet), Hordeum vulgare (barley), Vicia faba (faba bean), Triticum aestivum ssp. aestivum (bread wheat), Triticum turgidum ssp. dicoccon (emmer wheat) and Lens culinaris (lentils). The findings from Kalnik-Igrišče do not differ from the findings of neighboring countries, indicating that there were similar diets and agricultural/plant-collecting activities throughout the whole of the studied area (Bosnia and Herzegovina, Slovenia, Serbia, Italy, Austria and Hungary).
A comparative archaeobotanical analysis of the plant remains from the Early Roman incineration graves in Ilok and Sćitarjevo shows the existence of a complex burial ritual, but at the same time ...enables a better understanding of the agriculture and trade of the 1st/early 2nd century AD in southern Pannonia. Most of the cereals found (Hordeum vulgare, Panicum miliaceum, Triticum monococcum, T. dicoccon, T. aestivum i T. cf. spelta), the legumes (Lens culinaris, Vicia ervilia) and the fruit contributions (Cucumis melo/sativus, Malus/Pyrus sp., the Prunus avium group, P. domestica, Vitis vinifera) were probably grown in the vicinity of the investigated localities, but they might at the same time have been trade goods. Trade was undoubtedly well developed at that period, as shown by the remains of the fig (Ficus carica) and olive (Olea europaea), typically Mediterranean crops, in the finds. All the species of cereals, except millet (Panicum miliaceum) in Sćitarjevo, and of bitter vetch (Vicia ervilia) found in the Ilok grave were carbonised and were probably placed on the funeral pyre with the departed. The lentil (Lens culinaris) and the other fruit remains were non-carbonised and mineralised, which means that they were placed in the grave in fresh, dried or cooked form as food for the deceased (belief in an immortal soul), as remains of the funerary feast, or as a sacrifice to the goods.
This study presents the results of floristic research into a flat fen along a part of the Jarak stream in Zumberak-Samoborsko gorje Nature Park. This fen belongs to order Caricetalia davallianae ...Br.-Bl. 1949, alliance Caricio davallianae Klika 1934, association Eriophoro latifolio-Caricetum panicae Horvat ex Trinajsti 2002. The area was researched in 2007/2008 and it was divided into four subareas: fen and three succession stages, Phragmites subarea, transitional stage between common reed (Phragmites australis) and young forest, and young forest. During the winter period of the research the overgrowing woody vegetation on three subareas was cut, because that action should prevent further succession and help the restoration of the fen. The following year, floristic changes were monitored. Recorded plants were taxonomically analyzed and ecological indicator values according to Landolt were calculated. During this study 222 plant species were found, out of which 15 were endangered (according to IUCN categorization) and 59 protected or strictly protected in Croatia. The summarized ecological indicator values according to Landolt showed only minor differences between the subareas, out of which only the young forest subarea stood out. The removal of the plants resulted in low floristic changes, present mostly in the young forest subarea, where species of open habitats enlarged their abundance, but no characteristic fen species were recorded. It is concluded that the fen along the stream Jarak should be protected, because of its rare vegetation type, but also because of the endangered and protected species found in this area. It is also necessary to carry out regular removal of overgrowing vegetation from all the subareas and multiple mowing to protect the fen and even enlarge its surface.
U ovom su radu analizirani arheobotanički uzorci sakupljeni 2007. i 2008. godine iz kasnobrončanodobne nastambe s lokaliteta Kalnik-Igrišče. Ukupno je determinirano 69103 karboniziranih plodova, ...sjemenki i drugih biljnih ostataka. Čak 78 % nalaza čine žitarice (Panicum miliaceum, Hordeum vulgare, Triticum aestivum ssp. spelta, T. turgidum ssp. dicoccon, T. aestivum ssp. aestivum., T. monococcum ssp. monococcum, Setaria italica, Secale cereale i Avena sp.). Mahunarke (Vicia faba, Lens culinaris i cf. Pisum sativum) čine 20 % nalaza, a po 1 % čine korisne divlje vrste (Malus sylvestris, Quercus sp. i Cornus mas) i korovne primjese usjeva (Bromus secalinus, Galium aparine i dr.). U radu je napravljena usporedba arheobotaničkih nalaza s Kalnik-Igrišča s drugim sličnim brončanodobnim lokalitetima u Hrvatskoj i susjednim zemljama te su potvrđene sličnosti na cijelom području. Kako bi se utvrdio utjecaj vlažne predobrade uzoraka (flotacije i vlažnog ispiranja preko sita) na karbonizirane biljne ostatke, uzete su unaprijed određene količine makrofosila pšenice, ječma, prosa, boba i leće te su u pokusu tretirane vodom. Tretmanu su podvrgnuti također laboratorijski karbonizirani uzorci ječma, leće i prosa. Nakon tretmana, uzorci su ponovno brojani i zabilježen je postotak oštećenja pojedine vrste, pojedinom metodom. Učinjene su usporedbe osjetljivosti pojedinih vrsta i razlike u stupnju oštećenja ovisno o metodi predobrade. Zaključeno je da je flotacije manje agresivna metoda te da su pšenice, ječam i bob vrste koje su otporne na vlažnu predobradu, dok je postotak raspada kod leće i prosa veći od 30 % (kod uzoraka s arheoloških nalazišta), što bi svakako trebalo uzimati u obzir prilikom odlučivanja o ne)korištenju vlažne predobrade.
Samples analyzed in this paper were taken during the excavations in the years 2007 and 2008 from the Late Bronze Age house on the Kalnik-Igrišče site. In total 69 103 carbonized fruits, seeds and other plant remains were examined. The cereals (Panicum miliaceum, Hordeum vulgare, Triticum aestivum ssp. spelta, T. turgidum ssp. dicoccon, T. aestivum ssp. aestivum., T. monococcum ssp. monococcum, Setaria italica, Secale cereale and Avena sp.). were the most numerous with 82 % of the total number of found remains. Legumes (Vicia faba, Lens culinaris and cf. Pisum sativum) do 20%, weeds (Bromus secalinus, Galium aparine etc.) and useful wild species (Malus sylvestris, Quercus sp. and Cornus mas) 1 % of all found macroremains. In this paper, comparison is made between archeobotanical records of Kalnik-Igrišče site and other similar Bronze Age sites in Croatia and neighboring countries. This comparison shows many similarities in the whole area. In order to determine the influence of moist pretreatments (flotation and wet sieving) on carbonized plant remains, predetermined amount of wheat, barley, millet, beans and lentils macrofossils were taken and were treated with water. Treatments were also applied to samples of barley, millet and lentils carbonized in laboratory. After treatments, the samples were re-counted and the percentage of damage for every plant species and for each method were recorded. Comparisons were made on the sensitivity of individual species and the differences in the degree of damage depending on the method of pretreatment. It was concluded that the flotation is less aggressive method than wet sieving and that wheat, barley and beans are resistant to moist pretreatments, while the breakup percentage of lenses and millet (from real archeological site) is higher than 30 % and should be taken into account when deciding on the (non)use of moist pretreatments in investigations.
U ovom su radu analizirani arheobotanički uzorci sakupljeni 2007. i 2008. godine iz kasnobrončanodobne nastambe s lokaliteta Kalnik-Igrišče. Ukupno je determinirano 69103 karboniziranih plodova, sjemenki i drugih biljnih ostataka. Čak 78 % nalaza čine žitarice (Panicum miliaceum, Hordeum vulgare, Triticum aestivum ssp. spelta, T. turgidum ssp. dicoccon, T. aestivum ssp. aestivum., T. monococcum ssp. monococcum, Setaria italica, Secale cereale i Avena sp.). Mahunarke (Vicia faba, Lens culinaris i cf. Pisum sativum) čine 20 % nalaza, a po 1 % čine korisne divlje vrste (Malus sylvestris, Quercus sp. i Cornus mas) i korovne primjese usjeva (Bromus secalinus, Galium aparine i dr.). U radu je napravljena usporedba arheobotaničkih nalaza s Kalnik-Igrišča s drugim sličnim brončanodobnim lokalitetima u Hrvatskoj i susjednim zemljama te su potvrđene sličnosti na cijelom području. Kako bi se utvrdio utjecaj vlažne predobrade uzoraka (flotacije i vlažnog ispiranja preko sita) na karbonizirane biljne ostatke, uzete su unaprijed određene količine makrofosila pšenice, ječma, prosa, boba i leće te su u pokusu tretirane vodom. Tretmanu su podvrgnuti također laboratorijski karbonizirani uzorci ječma, leće i prosa. Nakon tretmana, uzorci su ponovno brojani i zabilježen je postotak oštećenja pojedine vrste, pojedinom metodom. Učinjene su usporedbe osjetljivosti pojedinih vrsta i razlike u stupnju oštećenja ovisno o metodi predobrade. Zaključeno je da je flotacije manje agresivna metoda te da su pšenice, ječam i bob vrste koje su otporne na vlažnu predobradu, dok je postotak raspada kod leće i prosa veći od 30 % (kod uzoraka s arheoloških nalazišta), što bi svakako trebalo uzimati u obzir prilikom odlučivanja o ne)korištenju vlažne predobrade.
The finding of Glaucium corniculatum seed in archaeobotanical samples from Roman times on Veli Brijun Island and Zaton near Zadar, initiated detailed study of its phytogeography in Croatia. The study ...showed that all recorded appearances of this species can be considered ephemeral and that the species came to Croatia many times during the history.
U radu se donosi pregled tijeka arheoloških iskopavanja na položaju Kalnik-Igrišče. Istaknuti su ciljevi i pojedini rezultati istraživanja te značaj i vrijednost nalazišta kao i njegov potencijal. ...Detaljnije se razmatraju arheološki ostaci koji su otkriveni 2008. godine, a čine ih arheološki kontekst i pokretni arheološki materijal. Radi se o ostacima objekta koji je na osnovi tipo-kronološke analize keramičkih posuda relativno kronološki datiran u Ha B stupanj, odnosno mlađu fazu kasnog brončanog doba. Apsolutno kronološki ovaj objekt i predmeti koji su u njemu pronađeni datirani su u 9 st. pr. Kr. Objekt je uništen u požaru, a svi pokretni nalazi iz objekta otkriveni su in situ. Pri tome je u vatri karboniziran i obilan arheobotanički uzorak na kojemu je napravljena detaljna analiza. Pronađene su velike količine žitarica različitih vrsta, mahunarke i nekoliko vrsta divljih biljaka. U radu su predstavljeni rezultati analize makrofosila te se razmatraju društveno-ekonomski aspekti zajednice koja je hranu proizvodila i konzumirala.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Pronalazak sjemenki vrste Glaucium corniculatum u arheološkim uzorcima iz rimskog doba s Velog Brijuna i Zatona kod Zadra potaknuo je detaljno istraživanje fitogeografije ove vrste u Hrvatskoj. Ono ...je pokazalo da se sva zabilježena pojavljivanja ove vrste mogu smatrati efemernim te da je vrsta na prostor Hrvatske pristizala više puta kroz povijest.
Sopotski slap smješten je oko 3 km sjeveroistočno od sela Sošice u Parku prirode Žumberak – Samoborsko gorje. Strmo se obrušava niz 40 metara kaskada uz stari mlin i sastavni je dio toka Kupčine. ...Područje Sopotskog slapa i gornjeg toka Kupčine do sada nisu bili floristički i vegetacijski sustavno istraživani. Terenska istraživanja vršena su tijekom 2009. i 2010. godine. Ovim preliminarnim istraživanjem zabilježene su ukupno 204 biljne svojte od kojih su, prema IUCN kategorizaciji, dvije kritično ugrožene vrste (CR) – Eriophorum angustifolium Honck. i Tofieldia calyculata (L.) Wahlenb., jedna ugrožena vrsta (EN) – Eriophorum latifolium, i pet osjetljivih svojti (VU) – Carex panicea L., Ophrys fuciflora Haller, O. insectifera L., Orchis purpurea Huds., Helleborus niger L. subsp. macranthus (Freyn) Schiffner i jedna gotovo ugrožena vrsta (NT) – Cephalanthera damasonium (Mill.) Druce.
Na istraživanom području dokumentirana su i dva tipa ugroženih staništa: elementi vegetacije niskog, bazofilnog creta suhoperke (Eriophoro-Caricetum paniceae Horvat 1964), te (polu) suhi kontinentalni travnjaci razreda Festuco-Brometea Br.-Bl. et R. Tx. 1943 (as. Seslerietum kalnikensis Horvat 1942), stanište bogato različitim značajnim vrstama otvorenih staništa, naročito kaćunima. Oba staništa su ugrožena zaraštavanjem i nedostatkom ekstenzivne ispaše i u odmaklom su stadiju sukcesije prema šumskim zajednicama što vodi nestanku mnogih, a posebno navedenih ugroženih vrsta s ovog područja.
This study presents the results of floristic research into a flat fen along a part of the Jarak stream in Žumberak-Samoborsko gorje Nature Park. This fen belongs to order Caricetalia davallianae ...Br.-Bl. 1949, alliance Caricio davallianae Klika 1934, association Eriophoro latifolio-Caricetum panicae Horvat ex Trinajstić 2002. The area was researched in 2007/2008 and it was divided into four subareas: fen and three succession stages, Phragmites subarea, transitional stage between common reed (Phragmites australis) and young forest, and young forest. During the winter period of the research the overgrowing woody vegetation on three subareas was cut, because that action should prevent further succession and help the restoration of the fen. The following year, floristic changes were monitored. Recorded plants were taxonomically analyzed and ecological indicator values according to Landolt were calculated. During this study 222 plant species were found, out of which 15 were endangered (according to IUCN categorization) and 59 protected or strictly protected in Croatia. The summarized ecological indicator values according to Landolt showed only minor differences between the subareas, out of which only the young forest subarea stood out. The removal of the plants resulted in low floristic changes, present mostly in the young forest subarea, where species of open habitats enlarged their abundance, but no characteristic fen species were recorded. It is concluded that the fen along the stream Jarak should be protected, because of its rare vegetation type, but also because of the endangered and protected species found in this area. It is also necessary to carry out regular removal of overgrowing vegetation from all the subareas and multiple mowing to protect the fen and even enlarge its surface.
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