Watershed management varies greatly across the world. Local conditions are generally dictated by how watershed management is regulated at national, regional, and local scales. Both multisectoral and ...community-based participatory involvement in watershed management can positively impact the quality and effectiveness of outcomes. This localization can also be vital to the achievement of the UN’s Sustainable Development Goals. In recent years, the term “sustainability” has become overused, has limited quantifiable meaning, and can create “fuzzy” targets. We suggest that an outcome that focuses on “thrivability” is more appropriate; this refers to the ability to not only sustain positive conditions for future generations but to create conditions that allow for all living things (present and future) to have the ability and opportunity to thrive. A thrivability approach aligns with the 2030 Agenda’s ultimate goal: prosperity for all beings on earth. This study uses a thrivability lens to compare two study sites. Primary and secondary data were collected for both the Regional District of Nanaimo (RDN), Canada, and Hydrographic Region VIII (HR-VIII), Brazil, and have been input and analyzed through our Thrivability Appraisal to determine each region’s watershed thrivability score. The Thrivability Appraisal uses seven sustainability principles as the overarching framework. These are then related to four individual subcomponents of watershed health and three common interest tests based on primary environmental perception and secondary technical data as inputs. Assuming the centricity of water for prosperity, the final scoring is a culmination of the 49 total indicators. A comparison is then drawn to the regions’ capacity to achieve the eight targets for UN Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 6. The outcome illustrates each region’s water management strengths and weaknesses, allowing for lessons to be learned and transferred to other multijurisdictional watersheds.
This article reviews recent studies that address water sustainable management opportunities and challenges in megacities around the world, with an emphasis on the case of Rio de Janeiro Metropolitan ...Region, one of the two megacities in Brazil. With reference to recent debates on water, megacities, and the climate crisis, as well as UN Water and Global Report Initiative documents, we focused on the implementation of the 2030 Agenda Sustainable Development Goal 6: Clean Water and Sanitation for All. The new Brazilian sanitation legal framework regulates public–private partnerships. In this context, the manuscript discusses the main question concerning water, sanitation, and hygiene that arises in the Brazilian case study: is universality possible in profit-oriented models? Through the current technical and academic literature consulted, the paper compares initiatives involving multiple stakeholder governance models that depend on private resources to implement universal access to drinking water, sanitation, and water-related extreme event controls, pointing out alternatives that can help to achieve the targets of SDG. Validation by key informants supports the synthesis of the reviewed documents, and the findings illustrate that concerted public efforts together with market mechanisms can help to overcome challenges and surpass the profit-oriented logics of private companies to achieve access to healthy and safe water, adequate sanitation, and improved hygiene, especially for vulnerable populations. This finding has transferability to other megacities in emerging countries that are facing public–private partnership debates on the provision of clean water and sanitation for all.
Diversos métodos surgem a cada ano com objetivo de mensurar quais são as medidas mais adequadas para promover políticas de desenvolvimento sustentável. Com isso, torna-se necessário dispor de ...informações consistentes sobre os avanços dos países, estados e municípios rumo ao desenvolvimento sustentável, para que se possa orientar o estabelecimento de políticas públicas coerentes, em busca do crescimento econômico aliado às políticas sustentáveis. Os indicadores são uma das ferramentas disponíveis no planejamento e na gestão de projetos que auxiliam no processo de tomada de decisão e no monitoramento dessas decisões rumo ao uso e à gestão sustentável da água e dos recursos naturais. Objetiva-se neste estudo mapear e levantar informações referentes à utilização de indicadores de sustentabilidade aplicados à gestão de recursos hídricos. Foram analisados 23 trabalhos que abordaram diferentes metodologias que empregaram indicadores ambientais e de sustentabilidade na análise de políticas e de ações de gestão de recursos hídricos, detalhando-se o sistema “avaliação de prosperabilidade”, por seu caráter holístico e integrador e sua aderência à Agenda 2030 da ONU.
Água: um bem de natureza difusa e seu representante legal Espinosa Gomes Cordeiro, Carolina; Eduardo Miranda Pinto, Augusto; Paes Ferreira, Maria Inês
Boletim do Observatório Ambiental Alberto Ribeiro Lamego,
12/2022, Letnik:
16, Številka:
2
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
A presente pesquisa busca analisar a responsabilidade civil e ambiental, investigar se a concepção de sujeito de direitos poderia ser aplicada a algum corpo hídrico brasileiro e, neste caso ...hipotético, quem seria o interlocutor principal dos corpos hídricos. Tem-se como objetivo identificar a natureza jurídica da função social do uso da água na legislação brasileira; analisar o regime jurídico das águas em outros países que a reconhecem como sujeito de direitos; analisar os Comitês de Bacias Hidrográficas (CBHs) no Brasil; investigar se a concepção de direito natural poderia ser aplicada ao caso brasileiro, adotando-se como hipótese que os CBHs seriam os interlocutores principais dos corpos hídricos. A metodologia empregada é a qualitativa, dados primários partirão da percepção ambiental captada via entrevistas com membros dos CBHs e serão associados a dados secundários, coletados a partir de revisão bibliográfica.
Brazil boasts of large hydrographic basins, numerous lentic environments, and an extensive coastal region. These aquatic environments are susceptible to the presence of metals originated from both ...natural and anthropic activities, so methods to assess the ecological risk to these environments, such as the Biotic Ligand Model (BLM), are of immense value. This study comprises a systematic review of selected articles published from 2008 to 2020 to answer the following question: Why is BLM so scarcely applied in Brazil? Data was compiled to identify the origin, tests, methods, journal impact factor, and year of publication of all included papers retrieved from the Scopus database. The BLM was shown as efficient in predicting metal toxicity in both seawater and freshwater considering both organisms and environmental factors (speciation in water). Copper, cadmium, nickel, zinc, lead, and silver were the most reported throughout the years, with copper ranking first, reported in 133 publications. Other metals were also reported, but in a lower number of published papers. Daphnia magna was the most evaluated test organism. Several BLM papers were published in relatively high impact factor journals (4,93 on average), reinforcing the importance of the subject. Brazil ranked 7th in BLM publishing, participating with 4% of the published articles from the retrieved total, with most studies published by research groups in the South region. Some recommendations are raised in this review, such as the need for more interactions between research groups in Brazil, deeper connectivity between legislation and BLM studies and further BLM applications in the country, as each waterbody displays its own specific particularities.
•Brazil has several aquatic environments that are impacted by metals;•Research with Biotic Ligand Model (BLM) is compatible with the Brazilian environments;•Copper is the most studied metal and Daphnia magna the most used organism in papers;•Brazil is only the 7th in BLM paper production;•BLM implementation is recommended in Brazilian environmental legislation.
Associada ao aumento da poluição dos corpos hídricos, a crescente demanda por água coloca em risco a saúde de seus usuários. Segundo a Organização Mundial de Saúde (OMS), 80% das doenças provêm de ...água contaminada. Na região serrana do município de Macaé, em 2002, houve ocorrência de doenças de veiculação hídrica (hepatite). Assim, neste trabalho são avaliadas as técnicas de tratamentos da água empregadas e a qualidade da água captada e distribuída para abastecimento público das regiões Bicuda Grande, Óleo e Frade, que possuem sistemas de tratamento simplificado, com vistas a propor alternativas que minimizem os riscos à saúde da população.
A manutenção da qualidade e da quantidade de água é de vital importância para a manutenção das atividades humanas e dos serviços ecossistêmicos. Para alcançar uma gestão adequada dos recursos ...hídricos, o uso das ferramentas de pesquisa, do planejamento e de políticas promotoras da disponibilidade hídrica se tornou importante no levantamento de informações e no monitoramento das águas superficiais. A partir de um levantamento das características fisiográficas do sistema hidrográfico da Bacia do Rio Imbé – Lagoa de Cima, neste artigo fazemos uma análise aprofundada desse sistema de grande importância para a população local como fonte de renda e como detentora de atrativos turísticos. Os dados disponíveis permitiram levantar a área de drenagem (A), o perímetro da bacia (P), o coeficiente de compacidade (Kc), o fator de forma (Kf), densidade de drenagem (Dd), o comprimento do rio principal e o comprimento total e a ordem dos cursos d’água. Os resultados mostraram que o sistema hidrográfico da Bacia do Rio Imbé – Lagoa de Cima apresenta uma baixa tendência para a geração de rápidas enchentes ou inundações, possui alta amplitude altimétrica e um baixo valor de densidade de drenagem. Os resultados obtidos podem ser integrados a outros parâmetros do Sistema para um mapeamento mais detalhado de áreas prioritárias, visando à implementação de ações de conservação e recuperação dos recursos naturais e subsidiando o processo de planejamento e gestão ambiental do sistema hídrico da região.
Acute toxicity to G
randidierella bonnieroides
and physicochemical analysis were used for quality assessment of the sediment of the Macaé River urban estuary, located in the Brazilian coast where ...rapid socioeconomic growth has been induced by offshore oil and gas exploration at the Campos Basin. Sediment samples were collected during four events in four sampling sites of the estuary and also in a control site. Organism mortality after exposure to the estuarine sediments was, on average, 30 % a value higher than in the control site where it was 10 %. This result together with the physicochemical analysis suggests an initial toxicity condition of the sediments from this aquatic coastal environment.
The environmental benefits arising from the interaction between matter and energy flows of permacultural systems acceleratethe recovery processes of degraded areas, which can be potentiated by the ...increase of plant biomass associated with thegreen manure technique, proposed in this work for the study territory: the surroundings of two Conservation Units (UC),of the Private Reserve of Natural Heritage (RPPN) type, the RPPN Águas Claras I and II. The RPPN Águas Claras I andII are located in the Macabu River basin, a microbasin of the Carukango River. The objective of this study was to analyzeareas submitted to reforestation and agroforestry system (SAF) projects, through estimates of local biomass obtained withthe aid of secondary data from the UCs’ forest inventory. As a result, it was possible to list Ficus sp and Sparattospermaleucanthum as priority native species for forest restoration. It was concluded that it is necessary to consort the two specieswith the planting of species considered green manures, in order to increase forest biomass and stimulate the improvementof soil conditions in the degraded portion of the reserve. This strategy can accelerate the regeneration process, as indicatedby secondary soil analysis data using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS),performed in the area of implementation of the SAF.
O manguezal de Gargaú (São Francisco do Itabapoana/RJ) possui significativa importância para a comunidade local que obtém sua renda por meio da coleta de caranguejos, mariscos e peixes. O objetivo ...deste trabalho é estudar índices e indicadores de salubridade ambiental de modo a adaptá-los às características específicas deste ecossistema estuarino. O estudo baseou-se em investigação semiempírica, com aplicação de questionários semiestruturados. Cinco índices foram avaliados e o Indicador de Salubridade Ambiental/Criciúma foi considerado como o mais adequado para o diagnóstico de problemas referentes ao saneamento ambiental e ao planejamento de futuros investimentos para a comunidade local.
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