This paper deals with Apollo and Dyonisian elements in dervish Ahmed Nuruddin's characterisation. This paper analyses the dervish Ahmed Nuruddin in light of Nietzche's understanding of Apollo and ...Dionysus deities in terms of their divine roots originating from ancient Greek mythology without any intention whatsoever to present Nietzche's entire philosophical system on the relationships between Dionysus, Greek tragedy, and the connections between art and nature with these principles. The dichotomy will be analysed on the example of the Serbian novel, Death and the Dervish written by Meša Selimović. The paper tackles the characterisation of the literary hero, protagonist Ahmed Nuruddin as a bridge between dervish-Apollo to Nuruddin-avenger, which is Dionysus focusing on revenge resulting in human and moral destruction caused by hatred, the opposite of Ahmed Nuruddin˙s neutrality, while performing the dervish duty. The avenger Nuruddin, the one surfacing after the murder of his sibling, will be considered Dionysus in light of an injustice inflicted on him by Harun's murder, a flywheel for his revenge. Special emphasis will be placed on Nuruddin's human defeat – moral decadence in the form of his transfiguration from a priest to a Machiavellian character. Taking Nietzche's understanding of Hellenic tragedy into consideration, this paper aims to prove Ahmed Nuruddin turning Apollo into Dionysus.
This paper tackles researching the tragedy of revenge features in Shakespeare's play Hamlet and Death and the dervish novel by Meša Selimović. This paper aims to demonstrate why the protagonists are ...(not) the heroes of the revenge tragedy. Thus, it strives to shed light on the similarities and differences between the two them emphasizing why the Serbian novel deviates from the revenge tragedy conventions simultaneously pointing out those in line with these conventions. It will focus on the two most significant tragedy hubs such as crime and revenge. Additionally, this research paper will explore the aspects of brutality, and bloody scenes in the novel proving it can also be interpreted in the light of revenge tragedy, given the elements of violence such as murder and bloodthirsty horsemen and horses. Also, it tries to highlight the turning point in Hamlet's character that occurred due to it being divided between stoicism and the will of God (predestination).
This paper examines the authors William Shakespeare and Meša Selimović, their works, the play Hamlet and the novel Death and the Dervish, their heroes, Hamlet and Ahmed Nuruddin, and their coping in ...the socio-political and social context in which they live, through the transposition motifs from the societies in which they lived among which the murder of an innocent person for political purposes is crucial. The dominating topic of death in both the play and the novel is taken from the lives of the authors which at first glance appear to be too far apart in many aspects, making it difficult to form a connection between them. The relationship that Nietzsche finds between elements such as the author, the text, and the context, which Slobodan Grubačić speaks about in his book, is the theoretical backbone on which the resemblance between the two said authors, their mentioned masterpieces, and their protagonists is built.
Зборник научних радова Манифести у српској књижевности 20. века настао је као резултат симбиотског рада два одељења Института за књижевност и уметност у Београду (ИКУМ). Реч је о одељењима Упоредна ...истраживања српске књижевности и Поетика модерне и савремене српске књижевности. Уредници зборника су Светлана Шеатовић и Предраг Тодоровић, а рецензенти Соња Мацура, Предраг Петровић и Бојан Чолак. Зборник, у коме се налази двадесет и један рад, отвара предговор који су написали уредници, а затвара га индекс имена који броји 754 именске одреднице.
This paper examines the authors William Shakespeare and Meša Selimović, their works, the play Hamlet and the novel Death and the Dervish, their heroes, Hamlet and Ahmed Nuruddin, and their coping in ...the socio-political and social context in which they live, through the transposition motifs from the societies in which they lived among which the murder of an innocent person for political purposes is crucial. The dominating topic of death in both the play and the novel is taken from the lives of the authors which at first glance appear to be too far apart in many aspects, making it difficult to form a connection between them. The relationship that Nietzsche finds between elements such as the author, the text, and the context, which Slobodan Grubačić speaks about in his book, is the theoretical backbone on which the resemblance between the two said authors, their mentioned masterpieces, and their protagonists is built.
Study question
Are de novo mutations in the human genome associated with male infertility?
Summary answer
We identified de novo mutations in five candidate genes: SEMA5A, NEURL4, BRD2, CD1D, and ...CD63.
What is known already
Epidemiological and genetic studies have consistently indicated contribution of genetic factors to the etiology of male infertility, suggesting that more than 1500 genes are involved in spermatogenesis.
Study design, size, duration
First, we searched for de novo mutations in patients with idiopathic azoospermia with whole‐exome sequencing (WES). To evaluate the potential functional impact of de novo identified mutations, we analyzed their expression differences on independent testis samples with normal and impaired spermatogenesis. In the next step, we tested additional group of azoospermic patients for mutations in identified genes with de novo mutations. In addition to the analysis of de novo mutations in patients with idiopathic azoospermia, we considered other models of inheritance and searched for candidate genes harboring rare maternally inherited variants and biallelic autosomal and X‐chromosome hemizygous variants.
Participants/materials, setting, methods
We performed WES in 13 infertile males with idiopathic azoospermia and their parents. Potential functional impact of de novo identified mutations was evaluated by global gene expression profiling on 20 independent testis samples. To replicate the results, we performed WES in further 16 independent azoospermic males, which were screened for the variants in the same genes. Library preparation was performed with Nextera Coding Exome Capture Kit (Illumina), with subsequent sequencing on Illumina HiSeq 2500 platform.
Main results and the role of chance
We identified 11 de novo mutations in 10 genes of which 5 were considered potentially associated with azoospermia: SEMA5A, NEURL4, BRD2, CD1D, and CD63. All candidate genes showed significant differential expression in testis samples composed of patients with severely impaired and normal spermatogenesis. Additionally, we identified rare, potentially pathogenic mutations in the genes previously implicated in male infertility—a maternally inherited heterozygous frameshift variant in FKBPL gene and inframe deletion in UPF2 gene, homozygous frameshift variant in CLCA4 gene, and a heterozygous missense variant NR0B1 gene, which represent promising candidates for further clinical implication.
Limitations of the study, reasons for caution
We provided limited functional support for involvement of de novo identified genes in pathogenesis of male infertility, based on expression analysis. Additionally, the sample size was limited.
Wider implications of the findings
We provide support that de novo mutations might contribute to male infertility and propose five genes as potentially implicated in its pathogenesis.
To assess the association between azoospermia factor c microrearrangements and semen quality, and between Y-chromosome background with distinct azoospermia factor c microrearrangements and semen ...quality impairment.
This retrospective study, carried out in the Research Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology "Georgi D. Efremov," involved 486 men from different ethnic backgrounds referred for couple infertility from 2002-2017: 338 were azoospermic/oligozoospermic and 148 were normozoospermic. The azoospermia factor c microrearrangements were analyzed with sequence tagged site and sequence family variant markers, quantitative fluorescent polymerase chain reaction, and multiplex ligation probe amplification analysis. The Y-haplogroups of all participants were determined with direct single nucleotide polymorphism typing and indirect prediction with short tandem repeat markers.
Our participants had two types of microdeletions: gr/gr and b2/b3; three microduplications: b2/b4, gr/gr, and b2/b3; and one complex rearrangement gr/gr deletion + b2/b4 duplication. Impaired semen quality was not associated with microrearrangements, but b2/b4 and gr/gr duplications were significantly associated with haplogroup R1a (P<0.001 and P=0.003, respectively) and b2/b3 deletions with haplogroup E (P=0.005). There were significantly more b2/b4 duplication carriers in Albanians than in Macedonians with haplogroup R1a (P=0.031).
Even though azoospermia factor c partial deletions/duplications and Y-haplogroups were not associated with impaired semen quality, specific deletions/duplications were significantly associated with distinct haplogroups, implying that the Y chromosome background may confer susceptibility to azoospermia factor c microrearrangements.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
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•Novel chitosan microparticles were synthetized by inverse suspension polymerization.•Freshly synthetized TiO2 NPs were successfully immobilized onto microparticles.•TiO2 NPs ...successfully photodegraded various azo dyes.•Excellent photocatalytic activity is maintained after three repeated cycles.
The present paper deals with removal and photocatalytic degradation of the textile dyes by TiO2 nanoparticles immobilized onto chitosan-based microparticles. The microparticles composed of chitosan (Ch) and poly(methacrylic acid) (PMA) were fabricated for the first time by inverse suspension polymerization. They were utilized for colloidal TiO2 nanoparticles immobilization, synthetized by acidic hydrolysis of TiCl4. To evaluate the potential application of Ch/PMA/TiO2 microparticles for treatment of textile wastwaters, their photocatalytic activity was examined by degradation assessment of three different groups of anionic azo dyes in aqueous solutions under solar light simulating source. FTIR analysis revealed that Ch and PMA were incorporated in the polymer network. SEM and optical microscopy confirmed their spherical shape. Under illumination, Ch/PMA/TiO2 microparticles completely removed dyes C.I. Acid Orange 7, C.I. Acid Red 18, C.I. Acid Blue 113, C.I. Reactive Black 5, C.I. Direct Blue 78, while removal degree of C.I. Reactive Yellow 17 was 75%. It was found that pH had significant influence on the photocatalytic activity of Ch/PMA/TiO2 microparticles. Increase of solution pH from acidic to alkaline, lead to decrease in photodegradation rate of C.I. Acid Orange 7 during the first hours of illumination. After three illumination cycles, removal degree of C.I. Acid Orange 7 was maintained at remarkably high level (95% at pH 5.60 and 100% at pH 2.00 and 8.00), indicating that microparticles could be reused without significant loss of photocatalytic efficiency.
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