Five versions of the Interpersonal Needs Questionnaire (INQ), a self‐report measure of perceived burdensomeness and thwarted belongingness, have been used in recent studies (including 10‐, 12‐, 15‐, ...18‐, and 25‐items). Findings regarding the associations between perceived burdensomeness, thwarted belongingness, and suicidal ideation using different versions have been mixed, potentially due to differences in measurement scales. This study evaluated factor structure, internal consistency, and concurrent predictive validity of these five versions in three samples. Samples 1 and 2 were comprised of 449 and 218 undergraduates, respectively; Sample 3 included 114 adolescent psychiatric inpatients. All versions demonstrated acceptable internal consistency. The 10‐item version and 15‐item version demonstrated the best, most consistent model fit in confirmatory factor analyses. Both perceived burdensomeness and thwarted belongingness consistently predicted concurrent suicidal ideation on the 10‐item INQ only. Future research should consider using the 15‐item or 10‐item versions.
Research on family accommodation is burgeoning, implicating it in the development, maintenance, and treatment of childhood anxiety. Additional data are needed to guide theory development and clinical ...application in this area. The factors underlying family accommodation measures have never been confirmed, nor have any test-retest data been reported. The study's objectives were to provide confirmatory data of the factorial structure and the first test-retest reliability data on the most widely used measure of family accommodation of child anxiety, the Family Accommodation Scale - Anxiety (FASA), and the child-rated FASA-CR.
Participants were 331 children (51% female; mean age = 10.44 yrs,
= 2.95; 84.6% White) and their parent, presenting consecutively to an anxiety disorders program. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was conducted first on a random sampling of 105 child-parent dyads; factors were confirmed with confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) in the remaining independent sample of 226 dyads. Test-retest reliability (mean retest interval = 10 days) was examined for FASA and FASA-CR. Convergent validity was examined in relation to child anxiety symptoms, and parenting stress. Divergent validity was examined in relation to child depression symptoms.
EFA and CFA supported a two-factor model of family accommodation, representing Participation in child-anxiety-driven behaviors, and child-anxiety-related Modification of family routines and schedules. Test-retest reliability was satisfactory for parents and adolescents; less so for children aged 6 to 12 years.
Family accommodation is a key construct in childhood anxiety, with two underlying factors that can be validly and reliably assessed using FASA and FASA-CR.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
BFBNIB, DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Conducted a randomized controlled trial to investigate the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), and compared the relative effectiveness of individual (ICBT) and group (GCBT) treatment ...approaches for anxiety disorders in children and adolescents.
Referred youth (N = 182, M age = 11.5 years, range 8–15 years, 53% girls) with separation anxiety, social phobia, or generalized anxiety disorder were randomly assigned to ICBT, GCBT or a waitlist control (WLC) in community clinics. Pre-, post-, and one year follow-up assessments included youth and parent completed diagnostic interview and symptom measures. After comparing CBT (ICBT and GCBT combined) to WLC, ICBT and GCBT were compared along diagnostic recovery rates, clinically significant improvement, and symptom measures scores using traditional hypothesis tests, as well as statistical equivalence tests.
Significantly more youth lost all anxiety disorders after CBT compared to WLC. Full diagnostic recovery rate was 25.3% for ICBT and 20.5% in GCBT, which was not significantly different. There was continued lack of significant differences between ICBT and GCBT at one year follow-up. However, equivalence between GCBT and ICBT could only be demonstrated for clinical severity rating of the principal anxiety disorder and child reported anxiety symptoms post-treatment.
Findings support the effectiveness of CBT compared to no intervention for youth with anxiety disorders, with no significant differences between ICBT and GCBT. However, the relatively low recovery rates highlight the need for further improvement of CBT programs and their transportability from university to community settings.
•This is the first comparative effectiveness trial of ICBT vs. GCBT for youth.•No differences between ICBT and GCBT at post-treatment or at one year follow-up.•Full recovery was only observed in 23% of youth.•Factors contributing to non-response in community clinics need to be examined.
Recent research implicates fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) in anxiety and depressive symptoms of childhood. This study is the first to examine an intergenerational pathway linking FGF2 levels in ...mothers to FGF2 levels in children, and to the children's anxiety and depressive symptoms.
We assayed serum FGF2 in 259 mothers and their children, with a range of anxiety and depressive symptoms: 194 were mothers of clinic-referred anxious and depressed children; 65 were mothers of non-referred children. We examined associations between FGF2 levels in mothers and children, and anxiety and depression symptoms. We used structural equation modeling (SEM) to examine associations between maternal and child FGF2 levels, and between maternal and child FGF2 levels and symptoms of anxiety and depression in and children.
FGF2 levels in mothers and children were significantly positively correlated. Children's FGF2 levels were significantly negatively correlated with their ratings of anxiety and depression. Results of the SEM model showed that increases in maternal FGF2 levels were significantly associated with increases in child FGF2, which in turn was associated with decreases in child anxiety and child depression, controlling for maternal anxiety and depression.
We relied on self-reported ratings of anxiety and depression, and on a single measurement of FGF2 levels for each participant.
Our results point to a role for FGF2 in the intergenerational transmission of risk for, and resilience to, anxiety and depression in youth.
•Maternal FGF2 levels are positively correlated with youth FGF2 levels•Maternal FGF2 levels are associated with youth anxiety symptoms through youth FGF2 levels•Maternal FGF2 levels are associated with youth depressive symptoms through youth FGF2 levels•A cross-generational pathway implicates FGF2 in the risk for, and resilience to, youth anxiety and depression
Background
We leveraged a recent efficacy trial to investigate directionality between parent anxiety and child anxiety at posttreatment and 12‐month follow‐up, and the potential role of parent ...psychological control as a mediator. We also explored child age and sex as moderators.
Method
Two‐hundred and fifty‐four children were randomized to individual cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) or to one of two CBT arms with parent involvement. Parent anxiety was not a treatment target in any of the three arms.
Results
Child anxiety at posttreatment was associated with parent anxiety and psychological control at 12‐month follow‐up, providing evidence of child‐to‐parent directionality. Parent anxiety at posttreatment was associated indirectly with child anxiety at 12‐month follow‐up through associations with parent psychological control, providing evidence of parent‐to‐child directionality. At posttreatment, parent psychological control contemporaneously mediated the relation between parent and child anxiety. Neither child age nor sex moderated any association.
Conclusions
Findings highlight the directional effects between child anxiety, parent anxiety, and psychological control from posttreatment to 12‐month follow‐up, even when parent anxiety is not a treatment target. Research and clinical implications are discussed, with an emphasis on enhancing durability following treatment effects.
Research has uncovered a wide range of predictors of youth anxiety treatment outcome (i.e., symptom severity and diagnostic remission). Youth's social functioning is one predictor that has been ...rarely studied, however, which is a significant gap given its importance to development and clinical functioning. We address this gap by examining two aspects of youth's social functioning as predictors of anxiety treatment outcome: (1) positive social interactions and (2) social skills. We further examined the moderating roles of treatment arm (child- or parent-based treatment), diagnosis (presence or absence of social anxiety disorder), and youth gender, between each of the two predictors and treatment response and remission. Participants were 96 youths with anxiety disorders (6–16 years; 54% girls) and their mothers, who completed diagnostic interviews and questionnaires at baseline and posttreatment. Multiple regression models revealed that higher baseline parent-reports of their child's social skills predicted lower posttreatment anxiety symptom severity for youth with social anxiety disorder. Modified linear probability models revealed that baseline youth-reports of their social skills predicted remission from anxiety diagnoses for youths assigned to the parent-based treatment. Baseline youth-reports of their positive social interactions and parent-reports of youth social skills predicted remission from anxiety diagnoses for girls. Results contribute to the predictor literature by highlighting the importance of youth social functioning to anxiety treatment outcome.
•Positive social interactions predict remission following anxiety treatment for girls.•Social skills predict remission following anxiety treatment for girls.•Social skills predict remission for youth assigned to parent-based anxiety treatment.•Social skills predict lower anxiety severity following treatment for socially anxious youth.
Objective: Although cognitive behavioral treatments (CBTs) are well-established evidence-based interventions for anxiety disorders in youth, there is long-standing underrepresentation of ...Hispanic/Latino (H/L) families in youth anxiety clinical trials research. The impact of such underrepresentation is that clinicians who work with H/L youth have minimal evidence-based guidance on best practices. The present study moves toward informing best practices for working with H/L youth with anxiety disorders by examining H/L parents' acculturation and enculturation as moderators of youth anxiety outcomes following CBTs. Method: Two hundred eleven H/L youths ages 6-16 (M = 9.41 years, SD = 2.39 years; 43.8% female) and their parents were assigned to individual-youth CBT or one of two parent involvement CBTs: one targeted decreasing parent psychological control, the other targeted decreasing parent use of negative reinforcement. Parent acculturation and enculturation were measured at pretreatment; youth anxiety severity was measured at pretreatment, posttreatment, and 12-month follow-up evaluations. Results: Youth anxiety outcomes were enhanced in both parent involvement CBTs compared with individual-youth CBT. Parent acculturation, but not enculturation, significantly moderated outcomes. At lower levels of parent acculturation, youth anxiety outcomes were enhanced in the parent involvement CBT that targeted negative reinforcement. At higher levels of parent acculturation, youth anxiety outcomes were enhanced in the parent involvement CBT that targeted psychological control. Conclusions: These findings further support the efficacy of CBTs for anxiety disorders in H/L youth and suggest guidance for tailoring parent involvement treatments based on parent acculturation levels.
What is the public health significance of this article?
This study advances best practices for treating Hispanic/Latino (H/L) youth with anxiety disorders by demonstrating that (a) parent involvement in cognitive behavioral treatments enhances youth anxiety outcomes and (b) parent acculturation levels moderate outcomes. For low-acculturated parents, targeting decreases in negative reinforcement enhances outcomes; for high-acculturated parents, targeting decreases in psychological control enhances outcomes.
•FGF2 levels are lower in clinic-referred compared with non-referred children•FGF2 levels show a negative factor loading on Anxiety/Depression latent variable•FGF2 levels over six months show good ...stability in the non-referred children•Peripheral FGF2 levels play a role in anxiety and depression in children•Results lay the foundation for further research on the FGF2 system as a potential biomarker for pediatric anxiety and depression
Research links fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) to anxiety and depression in rodents and human adults. Our study is the first to examine FGF2 levels in a pediatric population.
We assayed serum FGF2 in 163 children with a broad range of anxiety and depressive symptoms; 111 were clinic-referred anxious and depressed children; 52 were non-referred children. We examined associations between FGF2 and anxiety and depression symptoms, and between each of the three facets of behavioral activation (Reward-Responsiveness, Drive, Fun-Seeking) and behavioral avoidance. We used confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) to determine the relative contribution of anxiety and depression indicators and of FGF2 to a latent variable of Anxiety/Depression. We also examined stability of FGF2 levels.
FGF2 levels in clinic-referred children were significantly lower compared with non-referred children. Bivariate correlations and CFA showed negative associations between FGF2 and anxiety, depression and behavioral avoidance. FGF2 levels were positively correlated with the Reward-Responsiveness facet of behavioral activation, implicated in depression. FGF2 levels were stable over six months.
We did not have data on behavioral avoidance and stability of FGF2 in the entire sample.
Our results implicate FGF2 in anxiety and depression in children, providing an important first step in showing FGF2 may serve as a stable biomarker for these prevalent and impairing problems.
Psychological accommodation and control may help explain the finding that anxiety is more severe and common in Hispanic youth. Research with White samples conceptualizes psychological control as part ...of an authoritarian parenting style; however, research with Hispanic families suggests that psychological control is more likely to be indicative of a protective parenting style. Based on these findings, we hypothesized that in Hispanic families, psychological control would be related to protective parenting behaviors that ultimately maintain child anxiety. We tested a cross-sectional model hypothesizing that in Hispanic families the link between ethnicity and anxiety would be mediated through psychological control and parental accommodation of child anxiety, a parenting behavior which protects the child from the aversive experiences in the moment but ultimately serves to maintain child anxiety. A sample of mothers (n = 145; 48% Hispanic) and fathers (n = 59; 48% Hispanic) of youth from 8 to 18 years of age completed a survey assessing anxiety and parenting. With Hispanic mothers, the relation between ethnicity (Hispanic/non-Hispanic) and child anxiety was mediated through psychological control and accommodation. With fathers, although control was related to accommodation which, in turn, was related to child anxiety, ethnicity was not associated with control, accommodation, or child anxiety. Findings suggest that the context of parenting behavior should be considered in research, and adaptations of child anxiety treatments should consider ways to allow parents to express their desire to communicate warmth and protectiveness while avoiding negative reinforcement of child anxiety.
Social media holds promise as a technology to facilitate social engagement, but may displace offline social activities. Adolescents with ASD are well suited to capitalize on the unique features of ...social media, which requires less decoding of complex social information. In this cross-sectional study, we assessed social media use, anxiety and friendship quality in 44 adolescents with ASD, and 56 clinical comparison controls. Social media use was significantly associated with high friendship quality in adolescents with ASD, which was moderated by the adolescents’ anxiety levels. No associations were founds between social media use, anxiety and friendship quality in the controls. Social media may be a way for adolescents with ASD without significant anxiety to improve the quality of their friendships.
PDF
