The paper proposes the modeling and the optimal management of a hot-temperature (sodium nickel chloride) battery system coupled with wind generators connected to a medium voltage grid. A ...discrete-time model of the storage device reproducing the battery main dynamics (i.e., state of charge, temperature, current, protection, and limitation systems) has been developed. The model has been validated through some experimental tests. An optimal management strategy has been implemented based on a forward dynamic programming algorithm, specifically developed to exploit the energy price arbitrage along the optimization time horizon ("generation shifting"). Taking advantage of this strategy wind generation performances can be enhanced and adapted to load demand, obtaining an increased economic gain measured by the difference between the economic revenue obtained with and without the proposed generation shifting policy.
We determined baseline oral and cervicogenital human papillomavirus (HPV) prevalence and determinants of infection in the Michigan HPV and Oropharyngeal Cancer (MHOC) study. We enrolled 394 ...college-age and older participants of both sexes in Ann Arbor, Michigan and the surrounding area. All participants provided an oral sample at baseline, and 130 females provided a cervicogenital sample. Samples were tested for 18 HPV genotypes using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) MassArray. Participants filled out sociodemographic and behavioral questionnaires. Prevalence ratios for HPV oral or cervicogenital prevalence by predictor variables were estimated in univariable log-binomial models. Analysis was conducted 2018-20. In the full cohort, baseline oral HPV prevalence was 10.0% for any detected genotype (among the 338 valid oral tests at baseline) and 6.5% for high-risk types, and cervicogenital prevalence was 20.0% and 10.8%, respectively (among the 130 first valid cervicogenital tests). Oral HPV prevalence did not vary by sex, with 10.5% of women and 9.0% of men having an infection. We found a high prevalence of oral and cervicogenital HPV infection in college-age participants reporting no lifetime sexual partners. Reporting a single recent partner was associated with a lower oral HPV prevalence (PR 0.39, 95% CI: 0.16, 0.96) than reporting no recent (but at least one ever) partner. No similar protective effect was seen for cervicogenital HPV. Both oral and cervicogenital prevalence increased with the number of recent partners for most sexual behaviors. We observed an ecological fallacy masking the direction of impact of vaccination on HPV prevalence in the full cohort compared to the college-aged and the age 23+ populations considered separately. Substance use was not significantly associated with oral or cervicogenital HPV infection. Many studies report substantially higher oral HPV infection prevalence in men than in women. That difference may not be uniform across populations in the US.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
The manufacturing of refractory-metals components presents some limitations induced by the materials' characteristic low-temperature brittleness and high susceptibility to oxidation. Powder ...metallurgy is typically the manufacturing process of choice. Recently, Wire + Arc Additive Manufacture has proven capable to produce fully-dense large-scale metal parts at relatively low cost, by using high-quality wire as feedstock. In this study, this technique has been used for the production of large-scale tungsten linear structures. The orientation of the wire feeding has been studied and optimised to obtain defect-free tungsten deposits. In particular, front wire feeding eliminated the occurrence of pores and micro-cracks, when compared to side wire feeding. The microstructure, the occurrence of defects and their relationship with the deposition process have also been discussed. Despite the repetitive thermal cycles and the inherent brittleness of the material, the as-deposited structures were free from internal cracks and the layer dimensions were stable during the entire deposition process. This enabled the production of a relatively large-scale component, with the dimension of 210 × 75 × 12 mm. This study has demonstrated that Wire + Arc Additive Manufacture can be used to produce large-scale parts in unalloyed tungsten by complete fusion, presenting a potential alternative to the powder metallurgy manufacturing route.
•Wire + Arc Additive Manufacture is a suitable technique to manufacture large-scale unalloyed tungsten components•The orientation of the wire feeding influences the occurrence of defects as lack of fusion, pores and micro-cracks•The orientation of the wire feeding influences the microstructure of the tungsten deposits•Front wire feeding allowed to produce fully-dense crack-free unalloyed tungsten deposits
Workplace technology interruption and distraction are complex to analyze. In completing their daily tasks, employees receive a plethora of emails, text messages on their smartphones, and app ...notifications from both professional and personal counterparts. These parallel communications pose new managerial opportunities and workplace challenges.
While such microbreaks foster communicative potential and information access, past research has discussed the issue of technology overload. The present article contributes to parallel communications regarding digital transformation in the workplace.
Based on an original dataset of 369 employees, we examine the issue of technology distraction and interruption in the workplace. The results show that parallel communications positively influence job performance and negatively affect self-regulation and work engagement. The findings enrich the literature on digital transformation. They have practical implications for managers and firms implementing specific arrangements to nurture and embrace successful digital ecosystems.
Human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived developmental lineages are key tools for in vitro mechanistic interrogations, drug discovery, and disease modeling. iPSCs have previously been ...differentiated to endothelial cells with blood-brain barrier (BBB) properties, as defined by high transendothelial electrical resistance (TEER), low passive permeability, and active transporter functions. Typical protocols use undefined components, which impart unacceptable variability on the differentiation process. We demonstrate that replacement of serum with fully defined components, from common medium supplements to a simple mixture of insulin, transferrin, and selenium, yields BBB endothelium with TEER in the range of 2,000-8,000 Ω × cm
across multiple iPSC lines, with appropriate marker expression and active transporters. The use of a fully defined medium vastly improves the consistency of differentiation, and co-culture of BBB endothelium with iPSC-derived astrocytes produces a robust in vitro neurovascular model. This defined differentiation scheme should broadly enable the use of human BBB endothelium for diverse applications.
•As-received: small-highly misoriented areas and large-slightly misoriented areas.•After cycling: extrusions over large areas of slightly misoriented lath structures.•We observed pile-ups of ...dislocation stress concentration.•The observed pile-ups speak of the irreversibility of slip during cycling straining.•Dislocation arrangement is the origin of microcrack nucleation at lath boundaries.
Electron back-scattered diffraction together with scanning and transmission electron microscopy were used to study nucleation of microstructural fatigue cracks in reduced-activation ferritic–martensitic steel, EUROFER 97. Cylindrical specimens were cycled over different plastic-strain ranges in order to evaluate the evolution of the dislocation structure. Surface-damage evolution was studied in smooth notched specimens by an optical in situ system equipped with a high-resolution camera. In order to understand the crack-initiation mechanism, the dislocation microstructure that develops in the near-surface regions of the notch was compared with that of the bulk. The results demonstrate a strong influence of lath-martensite boundaries on fatigue-crack nucleation.
Leiomyosarcoma (LMS) is a soft tissue tumor with a significant degree of morphologic and molecular heterogeneity. We used integrative molecular profiling to discover and characterize molecular ...subtypes of LMS. Gene expression profiling was performed on 51 LMS samples. Unsupervised clustering showed three reproducible LMS clusters. Array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) was performed on 20 LMS samples and showed that the molecular subtypes defined by gene expression showed distinct genomic changes. Tumors from the 'muscle-enriched' cluster showed significantly increased copy number changes (P=0.04). A majority of the muscle-enriched cases showed loss at 16q24, which contains Fanconi anemia, complementation group A, known to have an important role in DNA repair, and loss at 1p36, which contains PRDM16, of which loss promotes muscle differentiation. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was performed on LMS tissue microarrays (n=377) for five markers with high levels of messenger RNA in the muscle-enriched cluster (ACTG2, CASQ2, SLMAP, CFL2 and MYLK) and showed significantly correlated expression of the five proteins (all pairwise P<0.005). Expression of the five markers was associated with improved disease-specific survival in a multivariate Cox regression analysis (P<0.04). In this analysis that combined gene expression profiling, aCGH and IHC, we characterized distinct molecular LMS subtypes, provided insight into their pathogenesis, and identified prognostic biomarkers.
X-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs) enable crystallographic structure determination beyond the limitations imposed upon synchrotron measurements by radiation damage. The need for very short XFEL ...pulses is relieved through gating of Bragg diffraction by loss of crystalline order as damage progresses, but not if ionization events are spatially non-uniform due to underlying elemental distributions, as in biological samples. Indeed, correlated movements of iron and sulfur ions were observed in XFEL-irradiated ferredoxin microcrystals using unusually long pulses of 80 fs. Here, we report a femtosecond time-resolved X-ray pump/X-ray probe experiment on protein nanocrystals. We observe changes in the protein backbone and aromatic residues as well as disulfide bridges. Simulations show that the latter's correlated structural dynamics are much slower than expected for the predicted high atomic charge states due to significant impact of ion caging and plasma electron screening. This indicates that dense-environment effects can strongly affect local radiation damage-induced structural dynamics.
Background
Marking the axilla with radioactive iodine seed and sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy have been proposed for axillary staging after neoadjuvant systemic therapy in clinically node‐positive ...breast cancer. This study evaluated the identification rate and detection of residual disease with combined excision of pretreatment‐positive marked lymph nodes (MLNs) together with SLNs.
Methods
This was a multicentre retrospective analysis of patients with clinically node‐positive breast cancer undergoing neoadjuvant systemic therapy and the combination procedure (with or without axillary lymph node dissection). The identification rate and detection of axillary residual disease were calculated for the combination procedure, and for MLNs and SLNs separately.
Results
At least one MLN and/or SLN(s) were identified by the combination procedure in 138 of 139 patients (identification rate 99·3 per cent). The identification rate was 92·8 per cent for MLNs alone and 87·8 per cent for SLNs alone. In 88 of 139 patients (63·3 per cent) residual axillary disease was detected by the combination procedure. Residual disease was shown only in the MLN in 20 of 88 patients (23 per cent) and only in the SLN in ten of 88 (11 per cent), whereas both the MLN and SLN contained residual disease in the remainder (58 of 88, 66 per cent).
Conclusion
Excision of the pretreatment‐positive MLN together with SLNs after neoadjuvant systemic therapy in patients with clinically node‐positive disease resulted in a higher identification rate and improved detection of residual axillary disease.
Antecedentes
En el cáncer de mama con ganglios positivos clínicamente tras el tratamiento neoadyuvante sistémico, se ha propuesto la utilización de iodo radioactivo (Marking Axilla with Radioactive Iodine, MARI) y de la biopsia de ganglio linfático centinela para la estadificación axilar. En este estudio se evaluó la tasa de identificación y detección de enfermedad residual cuando se combinó la exéresis de los ganglios linfáticos marcados antes del tratamiento (marked lymph nodes, MLN) junto con los ganglios centinela (sentinel lymph nodes, SLN).
Métodos
Se realizó un análisis retrospectivo multicéntrico de pacientes con cáncer de mama con ganglios positivos clínicamente que se sometieron a tratamiento neoadyuvante sistémico y en las que se combinaron ambas técnicas (con o sin disección axilar). Se calcularon las tasas de identificación y detección de enfermedad residual axilar para MLN y SLN por separado y en conjunto.
Resultados
En 138/139 pacientes se identificaron ≥ 1 MLN y/o SLN combinando ambas técnicas (tasa de identificación del 99,3%). La tasa de identificación fue de 92,8% para MLN y del 87,8% para SLN. Combinando ambas técnicas se detectó enfermedad axilar residual en 88/139 (63,3%) pacientes. Se detectó enfermedad residual en 20/88 (22,7%) pacientes utilizando únicamente MLN, en 10/88 (11,4%) pacientes utilizando únicamente SLN y en 58/88 (65,9%) combinando ambas técnicas.
Conclusión
La exéresis conjunta de los ganglios marcados con iodo radioactivo antes del tratamiento neoadyuvante sistémico y de los ganglios centinela después del tratamiento en pacientes con cN+ logró una tasa de identificación más alta y una mejor detección de la enfermedad axilar residual.
Replacing axillary lymph node dissection with less invasive axillary staging procedures in patients with clinically node‐positive breast cancer treated with neoadjuvant systemic therapy is debated. Implementation of several different less invasive procedures is ongoing at some centres. In this cohort, the identification rate and detection of residual disease of combined excision of the pretreatment‐positive marked lymph node with the sentinel lymph nodes were evaluated, and compared with excising only the marked lymph node or the sentinel lymph nodes alone.
Combination superior
Many early universe theories predict the creation of Primordial Black Holes (PBHs). PBHs could have masses ranging from the Planck mass to 105 solar masses or higher depending on the size of the ...universe at formation. A Black Hole (BH) has a Hawking temperature which is inversely proportional to its mass. Hence a sufficiently small BH will quasi-thermally radiate particles at an ever-increasing rate as emission lowers its mass and raises its temperature. The final moments of this evaporation phase should be explosive and its description is dependent on the particle physics model. In this work we investigate the final few seconds of BH evaporation, using the Standard Model and incorporating the most recent Large Hadron Collider (LHC) results, and provide a new parameterization for the instantaneous emission spectrum. We calculate for the first time energy-dependent PBH burst light curves in the GeV/TeV energy range. Moreover, we explore PBH burst search methods and potential observational PBH burst signatures. We have found a unique signature in the PBH burst light curves that may be detectable by GeV/TeV gamma-ray observatories such as the High Altitude Water Cerenkov (HAWC) observatory. The implications of beyond the Standard Model theories on the PBH burst observational characteristics are also discussed, including potential sensitivity of the instantaneous photon detection rate to a squark threshold in the 5–10 TeV range.
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