Light response curves for gas exchange characteristics were developed for spur leaves of 'Stayman' and 'Delicious' apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) from interior, intermediate, and exterior canopy ...positions throughout the season. At full bloom (FB), before full leaf expansion, exterior leaves had higher maximum rates of net photosynthesis (Pn), and a statistically different Pn light response carve than the interior leaves. Intermediate leaves bad intermediate Pn rates and light response curves. Pn light response curves for all three 'Delicious' canopy positions differed from each other from FB + 6 weeks until the end of the season. Interior leaves had maximum Pn rates of only 50% to 60% of those for the exterior leaves from FB + 10 weeks until the end of the season. Light saturation levels were higher for the exterior leaves than for interior or intermediate leaves. Exterior leaves had a tendency throughout the season for higher quantum efficiency of Pn at subsaturating light levels than interior or intermediate leaves. Stomatal conductance was higher for the exterior than the interior or intermediate leaves of 'Delicious' on all dates. Water-use efficiency was equivalent among aU leaves. Exterior leaves had higher specific leaf weight, dark respiration rates, and incident light levels on all dates than interior or intermediate leaves
The technique of catheterization of the urinary bladder, an important clinical skill for the diagnosis of urinary tract disorders, has not been described for the ferret. The bladder was catheterized ...in 23 ferrets (10 intact females; 11 spayed females; and 2 intact males) using a 3½ French, red rubber urethral catheter fitted with a steel wire stylet. Ferrets were anaesthetized with isoflurane or ketamine (30mg/kg IM) and xylazine (3mg/kg IM). Females were positioned in ventral recumbency with the rear quarters elevated by a rolled surgical towel. The urethra was catheterized by direct visualization of the external urethral orifice using a vaginal speculum. The orifice was approximately 1 cm cranial to the clitoral fossa on the ventral floor of the vestibule. Blind passage was used in several spayed females. In males, the distal end of the penis was exteriorized from the prepuce and the external urethral orifice cannulated without stylet. No difficulty was encountered in advancing the catheter past the os penis. This catheterization technique allows urinary tract access for urine collection, pneumocystography, contrast cystography, double contrast cystography, and urine output determination in pharmacologic studies or in critical care of debilitated animals.
ATPase activity was investigated in sciatic and optic nerves of female mutant diabetic C57Bl/Ks (db/db) mice and age-matched control mice (db/m and m/m). Nerves from animals aged 50, 70, 125, 180 and ...280 days were assayed in vitro for ATPase activity in the presence or absence of ouabain: the ouabain-sensitive fraction contained Na+,K(+)-ATPase. Enzymatic activity was compared within and between age-matched groups. No significant difference in Na+,K(+)-ATPase activity was detected between the diabetic and control mice, whether expressed as mumol Pi/h-1 formed per gramme wet weight or per nerve (protein content). The activity decreased by about 25% in both the sciatic and optic nerves of the oldest animals. These results were strikingly similar in all groups, regardless of the type of nerve examined, confirming that the development of neuropathy in this animal model is unrelated to the postulated derangement of Na+,K(+)-ATPase activity. Among possible explanations, a lack of polyol pathway activation was investigated by staining the sciatic nerves of animals from all groups with the peroxidase-antiperoxidase procedure using a polyclonal antiserum raised against the enzyme aldose reductase. Histological sections of all nerves were consistently negative, suggesting that these animals actually lack the enzyme involved in activating the self-perpetuating metabolic cycle leading to deranged nerve function. The db/db mouse appears to present particular biochemical changes which merit attention with a view to clarifying the pathogenesis of diabetic neuropathy.
Twenty-eight-year-old `Starkrimson Delicious' and 10-year-old `Fullred Delicious' apple
(Malus domestics
Borkh.) trees were spur-pruned in 1986 and 1987 and/or treated with 500 mg BA + GA
4+7
/liter ...in 1986 in an attempt to improve spur growth and increase fruit weight. All treatment combinations generally failed to improve yield or fruit size. BA + GA
4+7
reduced yield and fruit weight and increased the number of pygmy fruit in 1986, but had little effect on fruiting or vegetative growth for 3 years after treatment. Spur-pruning reduced spur density in 1986 and 1987 and increased yield, but not fruit weight, in 1987. Although spur-pruning improved spur length, spur bud diameter, leaf area per spur, and leaf dry weight per spur, fruit weight was not improved. Chemical names used:
N
-(phenylmethyl)-1H -purine-6-amine benzyladenine (BA); gibberellin (GA
4+7
).
The possible limitation of left ventricular (LV) relaxation during diastole is a concern for clinicians and researchers utilizing dynamic cardiomyoplasty. This study was designed to evaluate the LV ...compliance at three different skeletal muscle tensions, in a normal heart and in a failing heart, created by propranolol infusion (11.6 mg/kg). A biventricular latissimus dorsi muscle (LDM) wrap was performed in 10 dogs. The LV pressure (Millar) and two minor axis dimensions (endocardial crystals) were measured. LV pressure-volume loops were constructed, and LV diastolic compliance was calculated. The measurements were obtained before wrap and after wrap at different LDM tensions with 0, 5, and 10 volts stimulation each time. These measurements were repeated after propranolol treatment. The results showed that LV diastolic compliance (dV/dP) was 1.79 before wrap and about 0.7 after wrap, and after propranolol, at various tensions and stimulations. LDM wrap decreased LV compliance significantly. LV compliance was not significantly affected by changing tension or voltage of stimulation in either the failing or the non-failing heart. The reduction in compliance may be an indication that LDM wrap causes a limitation of LV relaxation, which is one of wrap's deleterious effects.
A 47-year-old anemic Jehovah's Witness with Gardner's syndrome presented with a large abdominal wall desmoid tumor requiring extensive resection with a musculocutaneous flap reconstruction. At ...surgery a technique of acute limited normovolemic hemodilution (ALNH) was used to minimize blood loss and avoid blood transfusions. Complications that follow transfusions of homologous blood are reviewed, and a recommendation is made to use ALNH because of its advantages in those patients in whom significant blood loss is expected.
In brief Petrone, Patrizio, MD, MPH; Asensio, Juan A., MD; Marini, Corrado P., MD
Current problems in surgery,
2014, Letnik:
51, Številka:
10
Journal Article
The ferret is considered a covered species by the United States Department of Agriculture's (USDA) Animal Welfare Regulations (warm‐blooded species) and the National Academy of Sciences' Guide for ...the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals (any vertebrate species). Ferret ownership is prohibited in the states of California and Hawaii and in the territory of Puerto Rico. Although rabies laws and regulations vary between states and localities, the recommendations in the National Association of State Public Health Veterinarian‘s (NASPHV) Compendium of Animal Rabies Prevention and Control states that ferrets should be vaccinated. This chapter provides a flowchart which describes postexposure management for any ferret exposed to a confirmed or suspected rabid animal. Ferrets transported in filtered containers used for specific pathogen free (SPF) rodents and rabbits may be at risk for overheating in warm weather because of decreased ventilation in such enclosures.
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