Purpose
The critical literature review investigates the extent to which the current evidence supports that three-dimensional printing (3DP) could play an important role in human anatomy education.
...Methods
PubMed, ERIC, and Cochrane databases were searched for papers dealing with the outcomes of 3DP implementation in human undergraduate anatomy education. The following data were extracted from each paper: authors, year of publication, type of study (comparative or not), number of participants, level of outcome according to Kirkpatrick hierarchy, influence of 3DP on acquisition of anatomical knowledge and skills, as well as perceptions about the 3DP use in anatomy teaching.
Results
Eight papers were eligible for analysis. All of them comprised comparison of 3DP with other anatomy teaching tools. Two papers evaluated only students’ perceptions about 3DP, while six papers explored its impact on students’ knowledge. The 3DP was statistically significantly superior to two-dimensional images in terms of the investigated parameters. However, comparison between 3DP and cadavers’ dissection by students did not take place in any study.
Conclusion
The 3DP implementation in anatomy education showed promising outcomes. However, the lack of studies which compared the educational effectiveness of 3DP with that of cadavers’ dissection is highlighted. It seems that 3DP could certainly be used as an adjunct to cadavers’ dissection. Further research could clarify if 3DP could obtain a more prominent role in anatomy pedagogy compared to other anatomy teaching modalities.
Pycnodysostosis: the disease of Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec Markatos, Konstantinos; Mavrogenis, Andreas F.; Karamanou, Marianna ...
European journal of orthopaedic surgery & traumatology,
12/2018, Letnik:
28, Številka:
8
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Pycnodysostosis or Maroteaux–Lamy syndrome is a genotypic bone disorder, with autosomal recessive inheritance, individualized by Lamy and Maroteaux in 1962. It is characterized by diffuse ...condensation of the skeleton with thickening of the cortex and narrowing of the medullary cavity. This condensation is reminiscent of the one observed in Albers-Schönberg disease, which differs essentially in dysmorphism of the skull (no closure of fontanelles, gaping sutures, hypoplasia of the lower jaw with open mandibular angle) and extremities (hypoplasia or osteolysis of the phalanges). The patients have a short stature, short hands and feet, and malformed nails. The first scientifically correct diagnosis was made by Dr. G. Séjournet who, under the guidance of his teacher Professor J.-A. Lièvre, performed extensive research and diagnosed Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec with achondroplasia-related dwarfism. This article describes pycnodysostosis and reports the life of the painter Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec who died from the disease.
The objective of this article is to showcase the use of opium in ancient times, as well as the beliefs surrounding it, focusing on the opinion of Diagoras of Cyprus, a physician with great knowledge ...of pharmacology who probably practiced ophthalmology, composing a rose-based collyrium. Opium, a drug produced from poppy, used to have several uses such as in anesthesia, pain relief and ritualistic purposes. There is evidence of its creation since before 5000BC. In Greece, the first documentation dates back to around 2600-1100 BC in Crete. Many ancient medico-philosophers used to utilize it in their practice, mentioning it in the majority of the medical texts of that time. However, there were others that disapproved of its use due to the possible side effects. Diagoras was one of them, as he categorized opium as a lethal substance that could cause severe problems to the vision. He may even have thought of the possible addiction that it can cause because of the euphoric state it puts a person in. Some practitioners mentioned Diagoras’s opinion on opium, such as Erasistratus and Pliny the Elder. Despite his contributions in opium usage and ophthalmology, Diagoras is still unappreciated as a medical figure.
Fractures of the odontoid process seem to have an unclear and not well-understood behavior. This is well demonstrated in the literature as there is a disagreement in many fields, including the ...patterns of fractures, the percentage of pseudarthrosis or the appropriate treatment that is required. This situation makes the fracture itself a “challenging” one. Indeed, despite the existence of extensive literature, there are still many unresolved problems concerning these fractures. We recognize six main classification schemes of the odontoid process fractures which clearly demonstrate the presence of differences but, also, the disadvantages that these classifications are related to. The most important factors that render these fractures “enigmatic” are the anatomy of the odontoid, the diversity of fractures encountered, the radiological evaluation, the stability and the inability to incorporate the whole spectrum of fractures in one classification. The progress made the last decades in the field of the radiology and their follow-up permitted to better analyze these lesions and to extract useful conclusions.
The purpose of our study was to summarize all the knowledge concerning the innovative pioneer in the field of orthopedic surgery and especially hip replacement, Alexandros Zaoussis (1923-2005). He ...was a pioneer in hip replacement, and he contributed to several fields of orthopedic surgery with his clinical work and his international publications. He was also an eminent historian of World War II and of the Greek Resistance to the Nazi occupation in which he played a significant part. A thorough study of texts, medical books, and reports in the field of history of medicine, together with a review of the available literature in PubMed, was undertaken. He was an eminent clinical director of orthopedics who had significant contribution in teaching, practicing, and expanding the horizons of orthopedic surgery in the 20th century. A thorough review of medical texts, books, and publications in the Greek academic press was undertaken to summarize his contributions and his turbulent life to commemorate the 10th anniversary of his death.
Spleen in antiquity was considered by the Hippocratic medicine as a viscerous organ of spongy character, which could clear human body of the black bile. According to the Hippocratic doctrine of the 4 ...humors, black bile could cause a series of diseases. Both the anatomical position and shape of the spleen were also recognized. In the case of a splenic hardening, with simultaneous augmentation of its dimensions and dermal ulceration and/or splenic abscess, some interventions were proposed. Thus, herbal medicine, phlebotomy, and minimal surgery with local cauterization were applied for treatment, to confront a disease that was considered serious but not fatal. The Hippocratic physicians encountered various spleen diseases and among them they most probably confronted a rare splenic pathological entity, named centuries later as “Spetses syndrome,” a rare type of thalassemia of the Spetses island of Saronikos Gulf. Although the approach seems in modern terms rather primitive, the ancient Greek medico-philosophers most likely understood the significance of the spleen.
The purpose of this review article is to summarize the views presented in the Hippocratic Corpus of Medicine regarding injuries of the spine, their effect on the spinal cord and the optimal treatment ...modulus. It is shown that the treatment dilemmas of ancient times in these injuries remain modern since Hippocrates suggested that conservative treatment and letting nature take its course is preferable over a devastating surgical treatment if the spinal cord structural integrity is not compromised. There is also a detailed account of the conservative treatment suggested in the Hippocratic Corpus concerning devices and method of closed spinal relocations.
Hallmarks of amputation surgery Markatos, Konstantinos; Karamanou, Marianna; Saranteas, Theodosios ...
International orthopaedics,
02/2019, Letnik:
43, Številka:
2
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Purpose
To highlight the most important innovations and milestones in the historical evolution of amputation and disarticulation surgery through the ages, from the early antiquity until the modern ...era.
Method
A thorough search of the literature was undertaken in PubMed and Google Scholar as well as in physical books in libraries to summarize current and classic literature on the hallmarks of the history of amputation surgery in the course of medical history.
Results
Amputation of a limb is one of the oldest surgical procedures. Initially, it was fraught with complications and dismal outcome of the patients because of hemorrhage and infection. Due to lack of analgesics and narcotics the operation had to take only a few minutes. Obtaining experience, the surgeons evolved the operative technique and refined the procedure, anesthesia and perioperative analgesia was introduced, instruments were developed, and rehabilitation has enabled functional and social reintegration of amputees.
Conclusion
From the Hippocratic era until currently, the surgical approach to amputation has changed little. However, the indications for amputations have changed a lot and had been refined, especially in diabetic patients and in those with severe chronic peripheral vascular disease. An exponential decrease in mortality for an operation once fraught with complications was due to the development of the tourniquet, proper vessel ligation and repair, antisepsis, and anesthesia.
Louis-Léopold-Xavier-Édouard Ollier (1830-1900) was a pioneer in orthopedics considered as the founder of modern orthopedic surgery. He was a skillful and experimenter surgeon. He invented many new ...surgical techniques in orthopedic surgery and many new surgical instruments. His most known discovery is Ollier’s disease.
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