This book, the first to deal with Andersen as a man of the theatre, dispels the myth that he was a frustrated closet dramatist. The author has culled a unique body of theatrical sources from the ...archives of the Royal Theatre in Copenhagen and has collected a gallery of unpublished designs and ground plans to illustrate his story.
Modernism in European drama Innes, Christopher; Marker, Frederick J
Modernism in European drama,
c1998, 19981103, 1998, 2000, 1998-01-01
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This collection of essays, originally published over the last forty years in the journal Modern Drama, explores the drama of four of the most influential European proponents of modernism in the ...European Drama: Ibsen, Strandberg, Pirandello and Beckett.
The romantic theatre, with all its imaginative vigour and eagerness for experimentation, appeals to those who like total theatre - unabashed, unashamedly spectacular, unforgettably pathetic. Critics ...who take a purely literary approach the drama often neglect or malign the theatre of the nineteenth century. Yet even in terms of literary, influence it is a hazardous to ignore the debt the exponents of naturalism owed to the drama of the prenaturalistic period. Despite universal critical agreement about the significance of Ibsen and Strindberg as creators of modernism, no attempt has previously been made to describe and delineate the theatrical context from which these major Scandinavian playwrights emerged. Hans Christian Andersen stands squarely astride the romantic period in Scandinavia. His plays, appearing from 1829 to 1865, span the important transition from the actor-dominated theatre to the naturalist theatre controlled by the director. Although recognized as a great artist in the genre with which his name has become synonymous, his extensive work as a dramatist, constituting a microcosm if important nineteenth-century genres and styles, is virtually unknown today. This book, the first to deal with Andersen as a man of the theatre, dispels the myth that he was a frustrated closet dramatist; a glance at the chronology listing his twenty-five original plays and libretti, produced for more than 1000 performances, illustrates the serious emphasis which he himself placed on this aspect of his writing. His sense of the practical theatre was keen, and the production history of his plays affords an unparalleled stage picture. Equally fascinating are his frequently incisive comments and observations made about the theatre and drama as travelled restlessly through Europe and visited the leading playhouses of his day. The author has culled a unique body of theatrical sources from the archives of the Royal Theatre in Copenhagen and has collected a gallery of unpublished designs and ground plans to illustrate his story. This highly readable and fully documented account of nineteenth-century stage practices, as exemplified in Andersen's plays, will stand as a lasting contribution to theatrical history.
Adequate clinical and parasitologic cure by artemisinin combination therapies relies on the artemisinin component and the partner drug. Polymorphisms in the Plasmodium falciparum chloroquine ...resistance transporter (pfcrt) and P. falciparum multidrug resistance 1 (pfmdr1) genes are associated with decreased sensitivity to amodiaquine and lumefantrine, but effects of these polymorphisms on therapeutic responses to artesunate-amodiaquine (ASAQ) and artemether-lumefantrine (AL) have not been clearly defined. Individual patient data from 31 clinical trials were harmonized and pooled by using standardized methods from the WorldWide Antimalarial Resistance Network. Data for more than 7,000 patients were analyzed to assess relationships between parasite polymorphisms in pfcrt and pfmdr1 and clinically relevant outcomes after treatment with AL or ASAQ. Presence of the pfmdr1 gene N86 (adjusted hazards ratio = 4.74, 95% confidence interval = 2.29 - 9.78, P < 0.001) and increased pfmdr1 copy number (adjusted hazards ratio = 6.52, 95% confidence interval = 2.36-17.97, P < 0.001 : were significant independent risk factors for recrudescence in patients treated with AL. AL and ASAQ exerted opposing selective effects on single-nucleotide polymorphisms in pfcrt and pfmdr1. Monitoring selection and responding to emerging signs of drug resistance are critical tools for preserving efficacy of artemisinin combination therapies; determination of the prevalence of at least pfcrt K76T and pfmdr1 N86Y should now be routine.
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