History of Construction Cultures Volume 1 contains papers presented at the 7ICCH – Seventh International Congress on Construction History, held at the Lisbon School of Architecture, Portugal, from 12 ...to 16 July, 2021. The conference has been organized by the Lisbon School of Architecture (FAUL), NOVA School of Social Sciences and Humanities, the Portuguese Society for Construction History Studies and the University of the Azores. The contributions cover the wide interdisciplinary spectrum of Construction History and consist on the most recent advances in theory and practical case studies analysis, following themes such as: - epistemological issues; - building actors; - building materials; - building machines, tools and equipment; - construction processes; - building services and techniques ; -structural theory and analysis ; - political, social and economic aspects; - knowledge transfer and cultural translation of construction cultures. Furthermore, papers presented at thematic sessions aim at covering important problematics, historical periods and different regions of the globe, opening new directions for Construction History research. We are what we build and how we build; thus, the study of Construction History is now more than ever at the centre of current debates as to the shape of a sustainable future for humankind. Therefore, History of Construction Cultures is a critical and indispensable work to expand our understanding of the ways in which everyday building activities have been perceived and experienced in different cultures, from ancient times to our century and all over the world.
Volume 2 of History of Construction Cultures contains papers presented at the 7ICCH – Seventh International Congress on Construction History, held at the Lisbon School of Architecture, Portugal, from ...12 to 16 July, 2021. The conference has been organized by the Lisbon School of Architecture (FAUL), NOVA School of Social Sciences and Humanities, the Portuguese Society for Construction History Studies and the University of the Azores. The contributions cover the wide interdisciplinary spectrum of Construction History and consist on the most recent advances in theory and practical case studies analysis, following themes such as: - epistemological issues; - building actors; - building materials; - building machines, tools and equipment; - construction processes; - building services and techniques ; -structural theory and analysis ; - political, social and economic aspects; - knowledge transfer and cultural translation of construction cultures. Furthermore, papers presented at thematic sessions aim at covering important problematics, historical periods and different regions of the globe, opening new directions for Construction History research. We are what we build and how we build; thus, the study of Construction History is now more than ever at the centre of current debates as to the shape of a sustainable future for humankind. Therefore, History of Construction Cultures is a critical and indispensable work to expand our understanding of the ways in which everyday building activities have been perceived and experienced in different cultures, from ancient times to our century and all over the world.
Fluoride is the most phytotoxic atmospheric pollutant. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of fluoride emissions by an aluminum smelter on three plant species endemics to Brazil, ...located at Parque Estadual do Itacolomi (PEI). The monitored species were
Byrsonima variabilis
(Malpighiaceae),
Myrceugenia alpigena
(Myrtaceae), and
Eremanthus erythropappus
(Asteraceae), which were monitored during 9 months using passive biomonitoring at five different locations with different distances from the smelter. The monitored species did not show macroscopic phytotoxicity damage to fluoride; however, they did show microscopic damage. The species closer to the smelter presented more severe anatomic damages, such as rupture of cell walls, protoplast retraction, and trichome alterations. Damaged stomatal ledges, flaking epicuticular wax, and damages to trichomes were observed.
M. alpigena
showed a higher accumulation of fluoride than the other species at all monitored sites. The test for cell death with Evans Blue was positive for the three studied species. Through biomonitoring in the PEI, we concluded that the emissions from the aluminum smelter affect the native vegetation and that due to the greater accumulation of fluoride and the diversity of microscopic damage in
M. alpigena
, the use of this species in the monitoring of environments polluted by fluoride is enhanced.
Objective: We conducted a multicentre, cross-sectional analysis of Brazilian patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and its phenotypic variants. We describe and compare their clinical and ...epidemiological data. Methods: We collected data from 1,116 patients who visited seven rehabilitation hospitals in the SARAH network from 1 January 2009 to 20 March 2020. This representative sample of patients was from 308 cities in 25 states from the country's five regions. Results: The median age at onset was 55 years, and we found a significant linear correlation between the age at onset and the Municipal Human Development Index (MHDI) but not survival time. We found a four-year difference using a cutoff value of 0.750 (p < 0.001). There was a male predominance, with a 1.2:1 sex ratio. The median time from onset to diagnosis was 17.6 months, and the most common phenotypic presentations were spinal-onset and bulbar-onset ALS (62.7% and 14.7%, respectively). In total, 12.9% of the patients had familial ALS, likely due to the overrepresentation of ALS type 8 patients in our population. Conclusions: In general, our numbers are consistent with most international series and with those of other Brazilian cohorts. When patients were analyzed according to their MHDI a considerable delay in symptom onset was found, suggesting the possibility of an environmental effect on these patients. Brazil has a longer diagnostic delay which is similar to other less-developed countries. This is a substantial concern and should be a priority for health authorities and neurology societies.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Automatic Milking System (AMS) installations are increasing in the USA despite the higher investment cost than conventional systems. Surveys on AMSs conducted outside the USA focused on small-medium ...herds, specific regions, or aspects of AMS milking. This study described farmers' perceptions about the decision-making process of adopting an AMS in the USA's large dairies (≥7 AMS boxes) regarding changes in technology, housing, management practices, labor, herd performance, and health. After being contacted, 27 of 55 farmers from large AMS herds completed the survey. The main reasons for adopting an AMS were labor costs, cows' welfare, and herd performance. Most farms constructed new barns, used a free-flow traffic system, and changed their feed management. Increases in water and energy use were perceived by 42% and 62% of farmers, respectively. Farmers estimated decreases in labor costs of over 21%, and AMS employees worked 40-60 h/week. Milk production increases were reported by 58%, with 32% observing higher milk fat and protein content. Easier sick cow detection, better mastitis management, and improvements in pregnancy rates were reported. Thus, farmers transitioning to AMSs perceived altered resource utilization, labor cost savings, and improvements in employee quality of life, animal welfare, and farm management. While 54% of respondents would recommend an AMS to other farms, 38% suggested considering additional aspects prior to adoption.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Este artigo trata dos direitos naturais das crianças. O estudo teve como objetivo implementar um espaço de brincadeira com elementos da natureza no pátio de uma escola pública de educação infantil, ...localizada em um município da região Sul do Brasil. Metodologicamente a investigação consistiu em uma pesquisa-ação com a participação de 17 crianças de quatro a cinco anos. Ao longo da pesquisa as crianças participaram do planejamento, captação de recursos, construção e organização de uma ‘cozinha de lama’. A implantação do espaço contou com apoio da equipe da Secretaria Municipal de Educação (SME), famílias e pequenos empresários locais. Os resultados mostraram que a relação das crianças com a natureza é atravessada tanto pelas experiências lúdicas com a terra e a água, como pela cumplicidade dos adultos, familiares e professores, na condição de mediadores positivos dessa relação.
Palavras-chave: Brincar; Educação infantil; Natureza; Direitos naturais
Este articulo aborda los derechos naturales de los niños. El estudio tuvo como objetivo comprender los modos de interacción de los niños con los elementos de la naturaleza durante la implementación ...de un espacio de juego en el patio de una escuela infantil pública, ubicada en un municipio de la región sur de Brasil. Metodológicamente la investigación consistió en una pesquisa-acción con 17 niños entre cuatro y cinco años. Durante la investigación, los niños participaron del planeamiento, captación de recursos, construcción y organización de una "cocina de barro". La implementación del sitio ha contado con el apoyo del equipo de la Secretaria Municipal de Educación (SME), familias y pequeños empresarios locales. Los resultados mostraron que la relación de los niños con la naturaleza es atravesada tanto per las experiencias lúdicas con tierra y agua como per la complicidad de los adultos, parientes y profesores como mediadores positivos de esa relación.
This paper addresses children’s natural rights. The study aims to implement a space for children’s playing with nature elements in a public schoolyard for early childhood education at a town in ...southern Brazil. In terms of methodology, the investigation consists of action research with 17 four- to five-year-old children. During the investigation, children participated in planning, fundraising, construction, and organising a ‘mud kitchen’. Settlement of the space has gained aid from the Municipal Secretary of Education (SMED), families and small local businesspersons. Results showed that children’s relation with nature is cut across by playful experiences with earth and water, as well as adult, family and teacher participation as positive mediators.
Key words: Playing; Early childhood education; Nature; Natural rights
Este artigo trata dos direitos naturais das crianças. O estudo teve como objetivo implementar um espaço de brincadeira com elementos da natureza no pátio de uma escola pública de educação infantil, localizada em um município da região Sul do Brasil. Metodologicamente a investigação consistiu em uma pesquisa-ação com a participação de 17 crianças de quatro a cinco anos. Ao longo da pesquisa as crianças participaram do planejamento, captação de recursos, construção e organização de uma ‘cozinha de lama’. A implantação do espaço contou com apoio da equipe da Secretaria Municipal de Educação (SME), famílias e pequenos empresários locais. Os resultados mostraram que a relação das crianças com a natureza é atravessada tanto pelas experiências lúdicas com a terra e a água, como pela cumplicidade dos adultos, familiares e professores, na condição de mediadores positivos dessa relação.
Palavras-chave: Brincar; Educação infantil; Natureza; Direitos naturais
Este articulo aborda los derechos naturales de los niños. El objetivo de este estudio es implementar un sitio para diversión con elementos de la naturaleza en el patio de una escuela pública de educación infantil en un municipio de la región Sur de Brasil. Metodológicamente la investigación consistió en una pesquisa-acción con 17 niños entre cuatro y cinco años. Durante la investigación, los niños participaron del planeamiento, captación de recursos, construcción y organización de una “cocina de barro”. La implementación del sitio ha contado con el apoyo del equipo de la Secretaria Municipal de Educación (SME), familias y pequeños empresarios locales. Los resultados mostraron que la relación de los niños con la naturaleza es atravesada tanto per las experiencias lúdicas con tierra y agua como per la complicidad de los adultos, parientes y profesores como mediadores positivos de esa relación.
Palabras Clave: Brincar; Educación infantil; Naturaleza; Derechos naturales
Este estudo transversal quantitativo buscou avaliar os impactos psicológicos decorrentes do distanciamento social durante a pandemia do COVID-19, focando em depressão, ansiedade e estresse percebido ...e os níveis de solidão em adultos. Ademais, buscou verificar a existência de relações entre solidão, características sociodemográficas e sintomas de depressão, ansiedade e estresse percebido, bem como identificar variáveis preditoras de solidão. Com uma amostra de 3.106 participantes, recrutados por meio de redes sociais, respondendo de forma on-line sobre os sintomas, de diferentes regiões do Brasil e entre 18 e 76 anos (M= 33,15; DP = 12,15), o estudo revelou que 459 (14,76%) dos entrevistados experimentaram solidão, de moderada a grave, durante a pandemia. Além disso, 680 (20,19%) apresentaram sintomas severos a extremamente severos de depressão, 370 (11,89%) de ansiedade e 516 (16,58%) de estresse. Os indivíduos que apresentavam sintomas de depressão, ansiedade, estresse e menores níveis de satisfação com a vida estavam mais propensos a experimentar a solidão. Os sintomas de depressão mostraram ser o preditor mais forte para sintomas de solidão e níveis mais baixos de satisfação com a vida contribuíram significativamente para esse sintoma. Concluiu-se que, as limitações impostas pela pandemia devido ao isolamento social intensificaram a solidão e transtornos mentais.
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