Context
Analyze the multiple dimensions of biodiversity under a local and landscape lens in natural habitats, such as Amazonian savannas, is fundamental for the conservation of species and ...ecosystems.
Objectives
We aim to explore how landscape forest cover and patch-level variables affect the patterns of species abundance, functional traits, and taxonomic, functional and phylogenetic α-diversity of Phyllostomid bats in forest patches of the Savannas of Amapá, in both the wet and dry seasons.
Methods
We used mist nets to survey bats in 26 forest patches. We also quantified forest cover in buffers of 500, 1000, 1500, 2000 and 2500 m around each patch, and tree height, basal area, canopy cover, and vegetation clutter in the understorey at the patch level. We used hierarchical partitioning to relate the different indices with our predictor variables.
Results
Taxonomic, functional and phylogenetic diversity in the wet season increased with the proportion of forest cover in the 2500 m buffer. Vegetation clutter was negatively related to taxonomic and functional diversity in the wet season. In the dry season, average tree height positively affected taxonomic and functional diversity. Patch-level variables were more important than forest cover in explaining the average functional traits in both seasons.
Conclusion
We found seasonal variation in the relationships between components of bat diversity and different drivers. Since both forest cover in the landscape and patch-level variables are important for Phyllostomid bat diversity, conservation plans should consider forest conservation at the landscape level and maintenance of forest patch quality.
Introdução: Transplante de rim (TR) é a terapêutica de escolha para doença renal terminal. A universal desproporção entre demanda para TR e doadores disponíveis exige o desenvolvimento de novas ...estratégias para aumento da oferta de enxertos renais. Entre estas, citam-se o aumento de TR intervivos e o uso de doadores falecidos com critérios expandidos (DCE). Enxertos com lesão renal aguda (LRA) representam uma das situações de DCE, e sua utilização persiste sendo tema controverso diante da incerteza da reversão da lesão renal pós-TR. Rabdomiólise (RB) é a causa de 7 a 10% dos enxertos com LRA e decorre da liberação de mioglobina na circulação e consequente lesão tubular por mecanismos diversos. Objetivos: Motivados por oferta recente de enxerto renal com RB e posterior não autorização de uso pela Organização de Procura de Órgãos, os autores objetivaram revisar a literatura sobre a viabilidade de TR de doador falecido com RB. Métodos: Revisão da literatura do banco de dados Medline usando descritores específicos, no período de 2000 a 2018. Resultados: Sete artigos demonstraram experiências com total de 51 TR de enxertos com RB. Dos 29 doadores com RB, 20,7% encontravam-se em hemodiálise no momento da doação e a mediana da creatinina era de 3,9 mg/dl. TR com doadores em RB apresentaram função retardada do enxerto em 35,3% dos casos, mas um mês após a cirurgia, os rins mostraram recuperação total e função normal, confirmadas por biópsia. Conclusão: Não há critérios brasileiros bem estabelecidos para uso de enxertos renais com RB, mas estudos atuais demonstram bons resultados e recuperação da função renal na grande maioria desses casos. Por enquanto, o aproveitamento de enxertos renais com RB deveria ficar a critério e julgamento de cada equipe.
Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Economia, Administração, Contabilidade e Ciência da Informação e Documentação, Departamento de Ciência da Informação e Documentação, ...2007.
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Previous issue date: 2007-05-30
Este trabalho propõe analisar o uso de recomendações na recuperação de informação no domínio de perfis de usuário. Espera-se demonstrar que o uso de abordagens de recomendação é um critério essencial para a identificação de documentos relevantes em vários cenários de recuperação neste domínio. As abordagens de recomendação surgiram da necessidade de se prever os documentos mais relevantes para o usuário, problema central da recuperação de informação. As recomendações servem para auxiliar no processo de receber ou fornecer indicações, e um sistema de recomendação é um sistema de informação que auxilia o usuário a recuperar informação através da previsão de seus interesses. Nesta pesquisa exploratória, foi realizado um estudo do sistema Currículo Lattes identificando casos onde o sistema não oferece respostas com a recuperação de informação tradicional, e que poderiam ser solucionados utilizando as abordagens de recomendação. Generalizando essas dificuldades, foi criado um modelo geral de recuperação de perfis de usuário, que pode ser aplicado na recuperação de perfis em qualquer contexto, não só na recuperação de currículos. Um sistema de recuperação de perfis de usuário em sites de relacionamento foi desenvolvido com base no modelo geral, a fim de validar esse modelo, que depois foi transposto para o Currículo Lattes. Com os resultados alcançados, espera-se não só contribuir com os conhecimentos da academia na arte da recuperação da informação, mas ampliar os recursos para satisfação da necessidade do usuário com o estudo de novos procedimentos, e, também, consolidar a recomendação como estratégia importante da recuperação de informação, com vistas a influenciar o desenvolvimento, sob a ótica dessa estratégia, de novas ferramentas de maior qualidade. _______________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT
In this paper the use of recommendation for information retrieval in user profiles domain will be analyzed. The recommendation approaches are expected to be an essential criterion to the identification of relevant documents in several retrieval scenarios in this domain. The recommendation approaches emerged from the need for predicting the most relevant documents to the user, the main issue of information retrieval. Recommendation is useful in the process of receiving or providing advice, and a recommendation system is an information system that helps users retrieve information through the precognition of their interests. In this research, Curriculum Lattes’ retrieval system has been analyzed and, in many cases of its traditional information retrieval, it has been identified as not being able to answer some questions that would be solved using recommendation approaches. These examples were generalized in order to create a general model of user profiles retrieval that was applied at profile recovering in any context, not only at curriculum retrieval. A profile retrieval system based on the general model was developed and applied to a dating website to validate the model and then the system’s behavior will be transposed to Curriculum Lattes’ system. The results achieved are expected to help magnify the academy’s knowledge on the information retrieval art, increase resources for the satisfaction of user needs through the research of new procedures, and also consolidate recommendation as an important tactic of information retrieval, influencing the development of new tools with higher quality under these approach goals.
Chronic stress is a major risk factor for several human disorders that affect modern societies. The brain is a key target of chronic stress. In fact, there is growing evidence indicating that ...exposure to stress affects learning and memory, decision making and emotional responses, and may even predispose for pathological processes, such as Alzheimer's disease and depression. Lipids are a major constituent of the brain and specifically signaling lipids have been shown to regulate brain function. Here, we used a mass spectrometry-based lipidomic approach to evaluate the impact of a chronic unpredictable stress (CUS) paradigm on the rat brain in a region-specific manner. We found that the prefrontal cortex (PFC) was the area with the highest degree of changes induced by chronic stress. Although the hippocampus presented relevant lipidomic changes, the amygdala and, to a greater extent, the cerebellum presented few lipid changes upon chronic stress exposure. The sphingolipid and phospholipid metabolism were profoundly affected, showing an increase in ceramide (Cer) and a decrease in sphingomyelin (SM) and dihydrosphingomyelin (dhSM) levels, and a decrease in phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and ether phosphatidylcholine (PCe) and increase in lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LPE) levels, respectively. Furthermore, the fatty-acyl profile of phospholipids and diacylglycerol revealed that chronic stressed rats had higher 38 carbon(38C)-lipid levels in the hippocampus and reduced 36C-lipid levels in the PFC. Finally, lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) levels in the PFC were found to be correlated with blood corticosterone (CORT) levels. In summary, lipidomic profiling of the effect of chronic stress allowed the identification of dysregulated lipid pathways, revealing putative targets for pharmacological intervention that may potentially be used to modulate stress-induced deficits.
Synucleinopathies, such as Parkinson's disease and dementia with Lewy bodies, are neurodegenerative disorders that are characterized by the accumulation of α-synuclein (aSyn) in intracellular ...inclusions known as Lewy bodies. Prefibrillar soluble aSyn oligomers, rather than larger inclusions, are currently considered to be crucial species underlying synaptic dysfunction. We identified the cellular prion protein (PrP
) as a key mediator in aSyn-induced synaptic impairment. The aSyn-associated impairment of long-term potentiation was blocked in Prnp null mice and rescued following PrP
blockade. We found that extracellular aSyn oligomers formed a complex with PrP
that induced the phosphorylation of Fyn kinase via metabotropic glutamate receptors 5 (mGluR5). aSyn engagement of PrP
and Fyn activated NMDA receptor (NMDAR) and altered calcium homeostasis. Blockade of mGluR5-evoked phosphorylation of NMDAR in aSyn transgenic mice rescued synaptic and cognitive deficits, supporting the hypothesis that a receptor-mediated mechanism, independent of pore formation and membrane leakage, is sufficient to trigger early synaptic damage induced by extracellular aSyn.
It is estimated that around five to 10.0% of hospital admissions occur due to clinical conditions resulting from pharmacotherapy. Clinical pharmacist's activity can enhance drug therapy's ...effectiveness and safety through pharmacotherapy interventions (PIs), thus minimizing drug-related problems (DRPs) and optimizing the allocation of financial resources associated with health care. This study aimed to estimate the DRPs prevalence, evaluate PI which were performed by clinical pharmacists in the Neurology Unit of a Brazilian tertiary teaching hospital and to identify factors associated with the occurrence of PI-related DRP. A single-arm trial included adults admitted in the referred Unit from 2012 July to 2015 June. Patients were evaluated during their hospitalization period and PIs were performed based on trigger DRPs that were detected in medication reconciliation (admission or discharge) or during inpatient follow-up. Student's t-test, Chi-square test, Pearson and Multiple logistic regression models to analise the association among age, number of drugs, hospitalization period, and number of diagnoses with occurrence of DRPs. Analyses level of significance was 5%. In total 409 inpatients were followed up 51.1% male, mean age of 49.1 (SD 16.5). Patients received, on average, 11.9 (SD 5.8) drugs, ranging from two to 38 drugs per patient, and 54.3% of the sample presented at least one DRP whose most frequent description was "untreated condition". From all 516 performed PIs that resulted from DRPs, 82.8% were accepted and the majority referred to "drug introduction" (27.5%). Multiple logistic regression showed that age, length of hospital stay, number of drugs used, diagnosis of epilepsy, multiple sclerosis and myasthenia gravis would be clinical variables associated with DRP (p < 0,05). Monitoring the use of drugs allowed the clinical pharmacist to detect DRPs and to suggest interventions that promote rational pharmacotherapy.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
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•N. caninum induce production of NO in vitro and in vivo, using mice as a host model.•iNOS ablation leads to decreased host resistance to N. caninum infection in vivo.•Without iNOS, ...mice present increased parasite load and tissue inflammation.•In compensation, iNOS-/- mice produce increased levels of proinflammatory cytokines.
Neospora caninum infection is an important cause of neuromuscular disease in dogs and abortion in cattle, leading to significant economic losses in beef and dairy industries. The protective immunity against apicomplexan parasites, specifically Toxoplasma gondii and N. caninum, is typically achieved by inducing an IL-12-driven Th1 immune response. IL-12 stimulates IFN-γ production, which activates Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase (iNOS) and promotes consequent Nitric Oxide (NO) synthesis, classically described as one of the main effector mechanisms for parasite elimination. Here, we aimed to evaluate the role played by iNOS during N. caninum infection. Our results show that N. caninum infection in C57BL/6 wild type (WT) mice induce NO production in vivo and in vitro. In agreement, iNOS deficient mice, as well as WT mice treated with iNOS inhibitor aminoguanidine, succumbed during acute infection with a dose lethal to 50 % of the WT mice, and presented significant increase in parasite load when submitted to sub-lethal infection protocols. Interestingly, the lack of control of parasite proliferation observed in iNOS−/− mice was associated with notable CNS inflammation and increased production of the main systemic proinflammatory cytokines (IL-12, IFN-γ, IL-6, TNF and IL-17A). Taken together, our findings show that iNOS plays an important role in restricting N. caninum replication, while also modulates the inflammatory process induced by the infection.
Alpha-synuclein (aSyn) is a central player in the pathogenesis of synucleinopathies due to its accumulation in typical protein aggregates in the brain. However, it is still unclear how it contributes ...to neurodegeneration. Type-2 diabetes mellitus is a risk factor for Parkinson's disease (PD). Interestingly, a common molecular alteration among these disorders is the age-associated increase in protein glycation. We hypothesized that glycation-induced neuronal dysfunction is a contributing factor in synucleinopathies. Here, we dissected the impact of methylglyoxal (MGO, a glycating agent) in mice overexpressing aSyn in the brain. We found that MGO-glycation potentiates motor, cognitive, olfactory, and colonic dysfunction in aSyn transgenic (Thy1-aSyn) mice that received a single dose of MGO via intracerebroventricular injection. aSyn accumulates in the midbrain, striatum, and prefrontal cortex, and protein glycation is increased in the cerebellum and midbrain. SWATH mass spectrometry analysis, used to quantify changes in the brain proteome, revealed that MGO mainly increase glutamatergic-associated proteins in the midbrain (NMDA, AMPA, glutaminase, VGLUT and EAAT1), but not in the prefrontal cortex, where it mainly affects the electron transport chain. The glycated proteins in the midbrain of MGO-injected Thy1-aSyn mice strongly correlate with PD and dopaminergic pathways. Overall, we demonstrated that MGO-induced glycation accelerates PD-like sensorimotor and cognitive alterations and suggest that the increase of glutamatergic signaling may underly these events. Our study sheds new light into the enhanced vulnerability of the midbrain in PD-related synaptic dysfunction and suggests that glycation suppressors and anti-glutamatergic drugs may hold promise as disease-modifying therapies for synucleinopathies.
The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether the use of removable partial dentures affects the periodontal status of abutment teeth. An observational cross-sectional study was done on a sample ...of patients rehabilitated with removable partial dentures (2010 to 2013). At a recall appointment, a clinical examination was done to collect data related to the rehabilitation and periodontal status of the abutment teeth. Of 145 invited patients, 54 attended the requested follow-up appointment (37.2%). Mean patient age was 59.1 years, and the study population was 42.6% male and 57.4% female. The mean follow-up time for the prosthesis was 26 months. Abutment teeth had higher values in all periodontal variables (P < .001). Occlusal clasps had the worst results in relation to clasps with a gingival approach (P < .005). Significant differences were also found in mandibular abutment teeth of Kennedy Class I and II compared to Class III (P < .048). The periodontal status of the abutment teeth of removable partial dentures is affected by these rehabilitations. A recall program for these patients involving removable prosthodontics and periodontology appointments is mandatory.
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