How the application of commercial (thin film) flat panel display technology, used in the production of flexible displays and flexible digital X-ray detectors, can also be applied to reduce the ...manufacturing cost of wearable biomedical devices, as well as potentially improve their diagnostic functionality, is explored. As a technology platform to evaluate the presented new concept, a prototype photoplethysmograph biosensor using a flexible organic light-emitting diode display and pin photodiode (thin film) sensor technology for optical heart rate monitoring is developed.
Based on uncertainty management theory Lind, E. A., & Van den Bos, K., (2002). When fairness works: Toward a general theory of uncertainty management. In Staw, B. M., & Kramer, R. M. (Eds.),
Research ...in organizational behavior (Vol. 24, pp. 181–223). Greenwich, CT: JAI Press., two studies tested whether a management style depicting situational uncertainty moderates the relationship between abusive supervision and workplace deviance. Study 1, using survey data from 379 subordinates of various industries, found that the positive relationship between abusive supervision and organizational deviance was stronger when authoritarian management style was low (high situational uncertainty) rather than high (low situational uncertainty). No significant interaction effect was found on interpersonal deviance. Study 2, using survey data from 1477 subordinates of various industries, found that the positive relationship between abusive supervision and supervisor-directed and organizational deviance was stronger when employees’ perceptions of their organization’s management style reflected high rather than low situational uncertainty.
Amorphous oxide semiconductor thin-film transistors on flexible plastic substrates typically suffer from performance and stability issues related to the maximum processing temperature limitation of ...the polymer. A novel device architecture based on a dual active layer enables significant improvements in both performance and stability. Device fabrication occurs below 200°C on a polyethylene naphthalate (PEN) substrate using mixed metal oxides of either zinc indium oxide (ZIO) or indium gallium zinc oxide (IGZO) as the active semiconductor. The dual-active-layer architecture allows for adjustment in the saturation mobility and threshold voltage stability without the requirement of high-temperature annealing, which is not compatible with flexible plastic substrates. The device performance and stability is strongly dependent on the composition of the mixed metal oxide; this dependence provides a simple route to independently adjust the threshold voltage stability and drive performance. By switching from a single to a dual active layer, the saturation mobility increases from 1.2 to 18.0 cm 2 /V·s , whereas the rate of the threshold voltage shift decreases by an order of magnitude. This approach could assist in enabling the production of devices on flexible substrates using amorphous oxide semiconductors in the near future.
This investigation elucidates the influence of standalone-bias stress and standalone-illumination stress, and their combinatory effect on indium-gallium-zinc oxide (IGZO) thin-film transistors ...(TFTs). Each phenomenon associated with illumination (wavelengths of 410, 467, 532 and 632 nm) and bias (Vg = ±20 V; Vd = 0, 20 V) stresses is categorized individually. Wavelengths below 532 nm are responsible for ionized vacancy creation, carrier generation and interface state creation while only gate stresses of +20 V create excessive charge trap states. Failure conditions are identified as gate stresses of −20 V with 410 nm illumination. An improvement in the Ion/Ioff ratio from 106 to 107 is due to increased charge contribution for on currents, and trapping of holes at the intermetallic dielectric near the source-channel junction in the off region. Upon stress removal TFTs exhibit incomplete recovery due to slow trapping of excited carriers from dielectric layers and inability created by the passivation layer to absorb oxygen for vacancy regeneration. The low-temperature fabrication and optimized post-fabrication anneal have created reduced defect and vacancy densities that make the IGZO TFTs more stable than the previous generation TFTs.
Mixed-oxide thin-film transistors (TFTs) have been extensively researched due to their improved stability under electrical bias stress compared to amorphous-silicon TFTs. However, there are many ...challenges before they can reach the manufacturing stage. At the Flexible Display Center (FDC), Arizona State University, Tempe, we are developing a low temperature indium-zinc-oxide (IZO) TFT process suitable for flexible substrates such as polyethylene naphthalate (PEN). We report the effect of bias stress on the performance of these IZO TFTs and compare it with a-Si:H TFTs. We also report the design and fabrication of a 3.8-in QVGA electrophoretic display on PEN substrate using IZO TFT backplane.
Background Domestic water hardness and chlorine have been suggested as important risk factors for atopic dermatitis (AD). Objective We sought to examine the link between domestic water calcium ...carbonate (CaCO3 ) and chlorine concentrations, skin barrier dysfunction (increased transepidermal water loss), and AD in infancy. Methods We recruited 1303 three-month-old infants from the general population and gathered data on domestic water CaCO3 (in milligrams per liter) and chlorine (Cl2 ; in milligrams per liter) concentrations from local water suppliers. At enrollment, infants were examined for AD and screened for filaggrin (FLG) skin barrier gene mutation status. Transepidermal water loss was measured on unaffected forearm skin. Results CaCO3 and chlorine levels were strongly correlated. A hybrid variable of greater than and less than median levels of CaCO3 and total chlorine was constructed: a baseline group of low CaCO3 /low total chlorine (CaL/ClL), high CaCO3 /low total chlorine (CaH/ClL), low CaCO3 /high total chlorine (CaL/ClH) and high CaCO3 /high total chlorine (CaH/ClH). Visible AD was more common in all 3 groups versus the baseline group: adjusted odds ratio (AOR) of 1.87 (95% CI, 1.25-2.80; P = .002) for the CaH/ClL group, AOR of 1.46 (95% CI, 0.97-2.21; P = .07) for the CaL/ClH, and AOR of 1.61 (95% CI, 1.09-2.38; P = .02) for the CaH/ClH group. The effect estimates were greater in children carrying FLG mutations, but formal interaction testing between water quality groups and filaggrin status was not statistically significant. Conclusions High domestic water CaCO3 levels are associated with an increased risk of AD in infancy. The influence of increased total chlorine levels remains uncertain. An intervention trial is required to see whether installation of a domestic device to decrease CaCO3 levels around the time of birth can reduce this risk.
A collection of fifteen articles by colleagues and former students of Professor Willis of Abilene Christian University. The papers deal with the topic of worship from a variety of perspectives and, ...in different connections, with the life and thought of ancient Israel. These include the participation of foreigners in the worship of ancient Israel, the prophetic critique of the cult, the tradition of the construction of the Jerusalem temple, women and prayer in the Deutero-canonical literature, various ethical aspects of worship and the value placed on the internal dynamics of worship offered to God, the Psalms and ancient Near Eastern mourning customs, and some of the implications of the Old Testament tradition regarding worship for contemporary communities of faith. A select bibliography of Willis's writings is also included.
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