Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) are widely used as a biomarker source in nutrition/obesity studies because they reflect gene expression profiles of internal tissues. In this pilot ...proof-of-concept study we analysed in humans if, as we previously suggested in rodents, PBMC could be a surrogate tissue to study overweight/obesity impact on lipid metabolism. Pre-selected key lipid metabolism genes based in our previous preclinical studies were analysed in PBMC of normoglycemic normal-weight (NW), and overweight-obese (OW-OB) subjects before and after a 6-month weight-loss plan. PBMC mRNA levels of CPT1A, FASN and SREBP-1c increased in the OW-OB group, according with what described in liver and adipose tissue of humans with obesity. This altered expression pattern was related to increased adiposity and early signs of metabolic impairment. Greater weight loss and/or metabolic improvement as result of the intervention was related to lower CPT1A, FASN and SREBP-1c gene expression in an adjusted linear mixed-effects regression analysis, although no gene expression recovery was observed when considering mean comparisons. Thus, human PBMC reflect lipid metabolism expression profile of energy homeostatic tissues, and early obesity-related alterations in metabolic at-risk subjects. Further studies are needed to understand PBMC usefulness for analysis of metabolic recovery in weigh management programs.
Imbalanced dietary intake is related to increased adiposity, which is linked to increased metabolic risk even in the absence of obesity. BMI is traditionally used to classify body fatness and weight ...range, but it only considers body weight and height. The Clínica Universidad de Navarra-Body Adiposity Estimator (CUN-BAE) equation has appeared as an additional tool to estimate adiposity considering also other relevant parameters, i.e., sex and age.
We aimed to determine whether the CUN-BAE index could estimate adiposity-related metabolic risk in apparently healthy, normoglycemic adults.
In this case-control study, men and women (18–45 y old) were classified as normal-weight (NW) n = 20; BMI (in kg/m2) <25 or overweight-obese (OW-OB) (n = 34; BMI ≥25). The primary outcome was body fat content and clinical circulating parameters to assess by correlation analysis CUN-BAE's usefulness as a predictor of metabolic risk. In addition, transcriptomic biomarkers of lipid metabolism were analyzed in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) as secondary outcome indicators of metabolic impairment. Data were analyzed by correlation analysis and comparison of means.
CUN-BAE values correlated directly with body fatness obtained by DXA (r = 0.89, P < 0.01), with classical molecular biomarkers of metabolic risk, and with PBMC gene expression of carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A (CPT1A), sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 1c (SREBP-1c), and fatty acid synthase (FASN), early markers of metabolic impairment (P < 0.05). Moreover, CUN-BAE allowed identification of NW individuals with excessive body fatness, who were not yet presenting obesity-related molecular alterations. In these subjects, visceral fat correlated directly with circulating glucose, triglycerides, and total and LDL cholesterol, and with triglyceride-glucose and fatty liver indexes (P < 0.05). This is indicative of a metabolically obese NW phenotype.
Data obtained in our cohort of young normoglycemic volunteers support the use of the CUN-BAE index as a tool to estimate accurately body fat mass, but also as a first easy/effective screening tool to identify lean people with increased fat mass and increased metabolic risk.
This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT04402697.
An overview of the current professional translation industry shows that translation, in general, seems to be accommodating changes in the labor market and in society with relative ease. However, the ...scope, limits and boundaries of translation are a matter of academic and professional concern (Mayoral 2001; Tymoczko 2005/2007; Koskinen/Dam 2016; Dam et al. 2018), with some viewing the identity of translation somehow jeopardized by the great variety of professional translation-related services and practices encountered within the field (Gambier 2016; Koskinen/Dam 2016; Dam et al. 2018). It is true that services now associated with translation, such as technical communication (Risku 2004), transcreation, postediting or multilingual copyrighting (Mangell et al. 2019) are closely interrelated, sometimes even being identified as translation per se (Gambier 2016; Dam et al. 2018), despite the fact that no linguistic transfer even occurs. This paper will address the experience of trainee participants in a transcreation project developed at the University Pablo de Olavide in Seville (Spain). The project was an attempt to introduce transcreation, defined by the LSP industry as a service of added value, and initiate students in inventiveness and creative translation, while creatively enhancing translation graduates’ employability (Rojo/Meseguer 2018: 79). Despite the assumed role of universities as providers of employability skills, this initiative also aims to add value to translator training, adopting an open, creative and boundaryless approach when dealing with employability issues in translators’ training (Calvo 2010; Morón 2010; Kuznik 2016; Calvo 2018). The boundaries within and around the translation profession (Koskinen/Dam 2016) are tackled, through students completing simulated professional practice and self-reflection (Kiraly 2013/2016; Leggot/Stapleford 2004a/b). A qualitative and analytical approach will be adopted, presenting the final assessment results from trainee participants during Stage 1 of project implementation, as well as real testimonies of graduates and professionals reflecting on the impact the initiative has on trainees’ employability.
To examine the cross-sectional and longitudinal (2-year follow-up) associations between dietary diversity (DD) and depressive symptoms.
An energy-adjusted dietary diversity score (DDS) was assessed ...using a validated FFQ and was categorised into quartiles (Q). The variety in each food group was classified into four categories of diversity (C). Depressive symptoms were assessed with Beck Depression Inventory-II (Beck II) questionnaire and depression cases defined as physician-diagnosed or Beck II >= 18. Linear and logistic regression models were used.
Spanish older adults with metabolic syndrome (MetS).
A total of 6625 adults aged 55-75 years from the PREDIMED-Plus study with overweight or obesity and MetS.
Total DDS was inversely and statistically significantly associated with depression in the cross-sectional analysis conducted; OR Q4
. Q1 = 0·76 (95 % CI (0·64, 0·90)). This was driven by high diversity compared to low diversity (C3
. C1) of vegetables (OR = 0·75, 95 % CI (0·57, 0·93)), cereals (OR = 0·72 (95 % CI (0·56, 0·94)) and proteins (OR = 0·27, 95 % CI (0·11, 0·62)). In the longitudinal analysis, there was no significant association between the baseline DDS and changes in depressive symptoms after 2 years of follow-up, except for DD in vegetables C4
. C1 = (
= 0·70, 95 % CI (0·05, 1·35)).
According to our results, DD is inversely associated with depressive symptoms, but eating more diverse does not seem to reduce the risk of future depression. Additional longitudinal studies (with longer follow-up) are needed to confirm these findings.
The tissue-specific expression and epigenetic dysregulation of many genes in cells derived from the postmortem brains of patients have been reported to provide a fundamental biological framework for ...major mental diseases such as autism, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and major depression. However, until recently, the impact of non-neuronal brain cells, which arises due to cell-type-specific alterations, has not been adequately scrutinized; this is because of the absence of techniques that directly evaluate their functionality. With the emergence of single-cell technologies, such as RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) and other novel techniques, various studies have now started to uncover the cell-type-specific expression and DNA methylation regulation of many genes (e.g.,
,
,
,
,
,
,
and
, and several complement genes such as
,
,
, and
) in the non-neuronal brain cells involved in the pathogenesis of mental diseases. Additionally, several lines of experimental evidence indicate that inflammation and inflammation-induced oxidative stress, as well as many insidious/latent infectious elements including the gut microbiome, alter the expression status and the epigenetic landscapes of brain non-neuronal cells. Here, we present supporting evidence highlighting the importance of the contribution of the brain's non-neuronal cells (in particular, microglia and different types of astrocytes) in the pathogenesis of mental diseases. Furthermore, we also address the potential impacts of the gut microbiome in the dysfunction of enteric and brain glia, as well as astrocytes, which, in turn, may affect neuronal functions in mental disorders. Finally, we present evidence that supports that microbiota transplantations from the affected individuals or mice provoke the corresponding disease-like behavior in the recipient mice, while specific bacterial species may have beneficial effects.
The biomarker development field within molecular medicine remains limited by the methods that are available for building predictive models. We developed an efficient method for
estimating confidence ...intervals for the cross validation-derived prediction errors of biomarker models. This new method was investigated for its ability to improve the capacity of our previously developed method, StaVarSel, for selecting stable biomarkers. Compared with the standard cross validation method, StaVarSel markedly improved the estimated generalisable predictive capacity of serum miRNA biomarkers for the detection of disease states that are at increased risk of progressing to oesophageal adenocarcinoma. The incorporation of our new method for
estimating confidence intervals into StaVarSel resulted in the selection of less complex models with increased stability and improved or similar predictive capacities. The methods developed in this study have the potential to improve progress from biomarker discovery to biomarker driven translational research.
This paper compared the performance of emotion detection mechanisms using dataset crawled from Facebook diabetes support group pages. To be specific, string-based Multinomial Naïve Bayes algorithm, ...NRC Emotion Lexicon (Emolex) and Indico API were used to detect five emotions present in 2475 Facebook posts, namely, fear, joy, sad, anger and surprise. Both accuracy and F-score measures were used to assess the effectiveness of the algorithms in detecting the emotions. Findings indicate string-based Multinomial Naïve Bayes to outperform both Emolex (i.e. 82% vs. 78%) and Indico API (i.e. 82% vs. 50%). Further analysis also revealed emotions such as joy, fear and sadness to be of the highest frequencies for the diabetes community. Implications of the findings and emotions detected are further discussed in this paper.
In order to safely navigate Europe's major waterway routes, all boaters need to know CEVNI - the Waterway Code - whose rules, signs, symbols and signals are understood and used by bargemasters and ...working vessels of all nationalities. This book has been written especially for pleasure craft users, setting out the rules in an easy-to-follow handy pocket-book format. It covers waterway signs, signals, flags and lights, markings on vessels, procedures in tunnels, locks and weirs, overtaking rules, berthing, and explains buoyage and landmarks - and for this 3rd edition there is a handy Quick Reference section grouping signs by colour for easy identification. The book forms the basis of the RYA test for the International Certificate of Competence and is accepted by European countries as the obligatory rules book that must be carried on board all small craft. 'Essential reading for anyone proposing to navigate the continental waterways' Waterways World 'A very welcome reference work for British boatowners cruising through Europe' Motor Boats Monthly 'A must' Little Ship Club 'Cannot be too highly recommened' Nautical Magazine.
In 2016 an informal student support service was offered by staff from the School of Nursing and Midwifery, Campbelltown Campus, Western Sydney University to encourage students to work collaboratively ...and improve their academic outcomes.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VSZLJ
Universities today offer a whole new range of learning opportunities for translation students. One of these is virtual mobility (VM), conceived as the phenomenon that arises when foreign students ...visiting under academic mobility programmes share learning spaces with local students at the partner institution. This article presents the main results of a descriptive exploratory project aimed at analysing the impact of VM in the training of translation students. Given the value of mobility nowadays, and its reported gains in terms of competence development, this article intends to promote further reflection on students' perceptions in terms of specific learning outcomes and to encourage trainers to analyse and self-assess their teaching practices when confronting VM environments. This is one of the first studies on this issue, and hence also intends to establish the basis for future research in this line.
PDF
