SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies in Breast Milk After Vaccination Romero Ramírez, Dolores Sabina; Lara Pérez, María Magdalena; Carretero Pérez, Mercedes ...
Pediatrics (Evanston),
11/2021, Letnik:
148, Številka:
5
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Passive and active immunity transfer through human milk (HM) constitutes a key element in the infant's developing immunity. Certain infectious diseases and vaccines have been described to induce ...changes in the immune components of HM.
We conducted a prospective cohort single-institution study from February 2 to April 4, 2021. Women who reported to be breastfeeding at the time of their coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination were invited to participate. Blood and milk samples were collected on day 14 after their second dose of the vaccine. Immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies against nucleocapsid protein as well as IgG, immunoglobulin M and immunoglobulin A (IgA) antibodies against the spike 1 protein receptor-binding domain against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (anti-SARS-CoV-2 RBD-S1) were analyzed in both serum and HM samples.
Most of the participants (ie, 94%) received the BNT162b2 messenger RNA COVID-19 vaccine. The mean serum concentration of anti-SARS-CoV-2 RBD-S-IgG antibodies in vaccinated individuals was 3379.6 ± 1639.5 binding antibody units per mL. All vaccinated study participants had anti-SARS-CoV-2 RBD-S1-IgG, and 89% of them had anti-SARS-CoV-2 RBD-S-IgA in their milk. The antibody concentrations in the milk of mothers who were breastfeeding 24 months were significantly higher than in mothers with breastfeeding periods <24 months (
< .001).
We found a clear association between COVID-19 vaccination and specific immunoglobulin concentrations in HM. This effect was more pronounced when lactation periods exceeded 23 months. The influence of the lactation period on immunoglobulins was specific and independent of other variables.
Efforts to define precisely the role of 5‐HT2B receptors in normal and disease processes have been hindered by the absence of selective antagonists. To address this deficiency, we developed a series ...of naphthylpyrimidines as potentially useful 5‐HT2B receptor antagonists.
RS‐127445 (2‐amino‐4‐(4‐fluoronaphth‐1‐yl)‐6‐isopropylpyrimidine) was found to have nanomolar affinity for the 5‐HT2B receptor (pKi=9.5±0.1) and 1,000 fold selectivity for this receptor as compared to numerous other receptor and ion channel binding sites.
In cells expressing human recombinant 5‐HT2B receptors, RS‐127445 potently antagonized 5‐HT‐evoked formation of inositol phosphates (pKB=9.5±0.1) and 5‐HT‐evoked increases in intracellular calcium (pIC50=10.4±0.1). RS‐127445 also blocked 5‐HT‐evoked contraction of rat isolated stomach fundus (pA2=9.5±1.1) and (±)α‐methyl‐5‐HT‐mediated relaxation of the rat jugular vein (pA2=9.9±0.3). RS‐127445 had no detectable intrinsic activity in these assays.
In rats, the fraction of RS‐127445 that was bioavailable via the oral or intraperitoneal routes was 14 and 60% respectively. Intraperitoneal administration of RS‐127445 (5 mg kg−1) produced plasma concentrations predicted to fully saturate accessible 5‐HT2B receptors for at least 4 h.
In conclusion, RS‐127445 is a selective, high affinity 5‐HT2B receptor antagonist suitable for use in vivo. The therapeutic potential of this molecule is being further evaluated.
British Journal of Pharmacology (1999) 127, 1075–1082; doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0702632
Efforts to define precisely the role of 5‐HT
2B
receptors in normal and disease processes have been hindered by the absence of selective antagonists. To address this deficiency, we developed a series ...of naphthylpyrimidines as potentially useful 5‐HT
2B
receptor antagonists.
RS‐127445 (2‐amino‐4‐(4‐fluoronaphth‐1‐yl)‐6‐isopropylpyrimidine) was found to have nanomolar affinity for the 5‐HT
2B
receptor (pK
i
=9.5±0.1) and 1,000 fold selectivity for this receptor as compared to numerous other receptor and ion channel binding sites.
In cells expressing human recombinant 5‐HT
2B
receptors, RS‐127445 potently antagonized 5‐HT‐evoked formation of inositol phosphates (pK
B
=9.5±0.1) and 5‐HT‐evoked increases in intracellular calcium (pIC
50
=10.4±0.1). RS‐127445 also blocked 5‐HT‐evoked contraction of rat isolated stomach fundus (pA
2
=9.5±1.1) and (±)α‐methyl‐5‐HT‐mediated relaxation of the rat jugular vein (pA
2
=9.9±0.3). RS‐127445 had no detectable intrinsic activity in these assays.
In rats, the fraction of RS‐127445 that was bioavailable
via
the oral or intraperitoneal routes was 14 and 60% respectively. Intraperitoneal administration of RS‐127445 (5 mg kg
−1
) produced plasma concentrations predicted to fully saturate accessible 5‐HT
2B
receptors for at least 4 h.
In conclusion, RS‐127445 is a selective, high affinity 5‐HT
2B
receptor antagonist suitable for use
in vivo
. The therapeutic potential of this molecule is being further evaluated.
British Journal of Pharmacology
(1999)
127
, 1075–1082; doi:
10.1038/sj.bjp.0702632
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