El objetivo del trabajo fue evaluar características de bayas y racimos de plantas de vid producto de cruzamientos entre cultivares apirénicos y con semilla. En 2010 y 2011 se realizaron cruzas entre ...variedades con semilla Italia, Cardinal y Red Globe con variedades apirénicas Flame Seedless, Melisa, Superior y ”Orebalma”. Las semillas obtenidas de las cruzas se sembraron en macetas. Dos años después 721 plantas fueron trasplantadas a campo donde se dejaron crecer libremente. En el año 2021 se encontró que 18 plantas produjeron racimo por lo que se procedió a realizar evaluaciones de presencia de semilla, compacidad, tamaño de bayas, contenido de sólidos solubles, color y corrimiento. El 16 % de los materiales evaluados fueron apirénicos, el color se las bayas en su mayoría fue verde, siguiéndole las de color negro y después las rojas y ámbar. El 38% de los materiales tuvieron racimos compactos, Los materiales sin semilla produjeron bayas que no dan el tamaño comercial por lo que requerirán aplicación de hormonas para aumentar tamaño. Una cruza produjo bayas con diámetro mayor al que normalmente se requiere el mercado. El contenido de solidos solubles indicó que hay cultivares tempranos pero otros son tardíos para esta región. El corrimiento de racimo se presentó en una cruza con semilla y en otra sin semilla.
The objective of this work was to evaluate berry and cluster traits from grape plants obtained from crosses of seeded and apirenic varieties. Crosses between the seeded varieties Italia, Cardinal and Red globe were made with the apirenic varieties Flame Seedless, Melisa, Superior, y ”Orebalma” in 2010 and 2011. Seeds obtained were planted in pots. Two years after, 721 plants were transplanted in the field. Seeds, compactness, berry size, solids content, color and millerandage was measured in 18 individuals that produced clustrs in 2021. Percentage of apirenic indivuduals was 16, most of the plants produced green berries, followed by black, red and amber. Plants with compact clusters were 38%. Seedless berries were smaller than the commercial size that is required. They will need hormones for sizing. One seeded cross produced berries greater than required by the market. The berry solids contend variation indicates that there are early plants but some others are too late for the region. Millerandage was present in one seedless and in one seeded cross.
The experimental study and transplantation of pancreatic islets requires their isolation from the surrounding tissue, and therefore, from the vasculature. Under these conditions, avascular islets ...rely on the diffusion of peripheral oxygen and nutrients to comply with the requirements of islet cells while responding to changes in body glucose. As a complement to the experimental work, computational models have been widely used to estimate how avascular islets would be affected by the hypoxic conditions found both in culture and transplant sites. However, previous models have been based on simplified representations of pancreatic islets which has limited the reach of the simulations performed. Aiming to contribute with a more realistic model of avascular human islets, in this work we used architectures of human islets reconstructed from experimental data to simulate the availability of oxygen for α , β and δ -cells, emulating culture and transplant conditions at different glucose concentrations. The modeling approach proposed allowed us to quantitatively estimate how the loss of cells due to severe hypoxia would impact interactions between islet cells, ultimately segregating the islet into disconnected subnetworks. According to the simulations performed, islet encapsulation, by reducing the oxygen available within the islets, could severely compromise cell viability. Moreover, our model suggests that even without encapsulation, only microislets composed of less than 100 cells would remain viable in oxygenation conditions found in transplant sites. Overall, in this article we delineate a novel modeling methodology to simulate detailed avascular islets in experimental and transplant conditions with potential applications in the field of islet encapsulation.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
This paper introduces an FPGA-based implementation of a smart switch designed to avoid inrush currents occurring during the connection of single-phase transformers utilized in grid-connected ...photovoltaic (PV) systems. The magnitude of inrush currents is notably impacted by the residual flux within the transformer core and the precise moment of energization relative to the wave cycle. Alternative methods frequently hinge on intricate procedures to estimate residual flux. This challenge is adeptly circumvented by the innovative smart control system proposed herein, rendering it a cost-effective solution for grid-connected PV systems. The proposed solution for mitigating inrush current remains effective, even in the face of challenges with current and voltage sensors. This resilience arises from the system's ability to learn and adapt by leveraging information acquired from the network.
Grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) power systems are one of the most promising technologies to address growing energy demand and ecological challenges. This paper proposes smart switching to mitigate ...inrush currents during the connection of single-phase transformers used in PV systems. An effective inrush current mitigation contributes to the reliability of PV systems. The inrush current severity is influenced by the pseudorandom residual flux at the transformer core and the energization point-on-wave. The most common approach to avoid inrush currents is controlled connection, which requires prior knowledge of the residual flux. However, the residual flux can differ in each case, and its measurement or estimation can be impractical. The proposed smart switching is based on a comprehensive analysis of the residual flux and the de-energization trajectories, and only requires two pieces of data (ϕRM and ϕ0, flux values of the static and dynamic loops when the respective currents are null), calculated from two simple no-load tests. It has a clear advantage over common approaches: no need to estimate or measure the residual flux before each connection, avoiding the need for expensive equipment or complex setups. Smart switching can be easily implemented in practical settings, as it considers different circuit breakers with distinctive aperture features, making it cost-effective for PV systems.
The continuous interaction between experimental and theoretical work has proven to be extremely useful for the study of pancreatic cells and, recently, of pancreatic islets. This prolific interaction ...relies on the capability of implementing computational models and methods to derive quantitative data for the analysis and interpretation of experimental observations. In this addendum I introduce Isletlab, a multiplatform application developed to provide the research community with a user-friendly interface for the implementation of computational algorithms for the characterization and simulation of pancreatic islets.
As a consequence of its historic role in the world of golf St Andrews had been the object of close scrutiny from historians and golf writers alike. Both have largely centred their attention on the ...history of golf clubs -such as the Royal and Ancient Golf Club of St Andrews later referred to as R&A- or on great characters, like Thomas Morris, a true giant of the game. However, less sparkling ingredients -for example the activities of locals, or visitors, often not affiliated to any particular golf club, have been a kind of historiographic poor relation. This article is not focused on material or biographical aspects, but instead on social and structural features. If historians have argued whether golf had evolved on a more unrestrained basis in Scotland than in England, they usually agree in considering St Andrews a kind of unrestricted golfing republic. The chosen years were critical because the place called The Links, where golf at St Andrews had always been played, became a hotly disputed property, coveted by the R&A and the Town Council. In the end they managed to consolidate peace agreements, which, with subsequent adjustments, have defined what golf in St Andrews is today.
LA ERA DE LAS REDES Delgado, Gerardo Martínez
Historia mexicana,
04/2021, Letnik:
70, Številka:
4 (280)
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
En la primera década del siglo XX hubo en México las condiciones para la formación y aplicación de grandes capitales nacionales y extranjeros dedicados a la construcción de infraestructura o ...prestación de servicios públicos en un conjunto muy amplio de ciudades. Se trató de un momento clave en la historia económica y empresarial, en la historia urbana y también en la historia de la tecnología: fue la era de las redes financieras, las redes de servicios públicos y la expansión empresarial. El texto estudia la concentración empresarial que ocurrió en estos años, poniendo especial atención en la Compañía Bancaria de Fomento y Bienes Raíces y en los intereses del empresario Enrique Schöndube, pero también en las compañías de Weetman Pearson y en The Mexican Light and Power Company, ponderando su importancia frente a otras que tuvieron menores alcances. Se sigue su proceso de creación y las reglas de expansión capitalista en las que se inscribía su acción; para explicar los cambios ocurridos a nivel urbano y económico, se analizan sus mecanismos de operación, su diversificación de intereses, sus conexiones internacionales y su relación con otras empresas. Al final, se miden sus alcances, se esbozan los nuevos escenarios que surgieron para las empresas a raíz del estallido de la revolución mexicana y, sobretodo, se reflexiona sobre el escenario en que quedaron las ciudades mexicanas para cumplir con el proyecto de instalar en ellas redes de servicios. A partir del seguimiento bibliográfico de casos particulares, de documentación oficial y privada, series estadísticas, hemerografía, entre otras fuentes, se abona al conocimiento de historias empresariales importantes y se articulan líneas de interpretación comparativa que permiten ofrecer una versión más acabada sobre el conjunto de ciudades mexicanas y sobre la presencia de redes, ya de servicios, ya de empresas o finanzas, ya de técnicos, tecnologías y agentes.
In the first decade of the 20th Century, Mexico was the site of the accumulation and investment of domestic and foreign capital dedicated to the construction of infrastructure or the provision of public services in cities across the country. This was a key moment in the country’s urban, technological, economic and business history: it was the era of financial networks, networks of public services and the expansion of businesses. This article studies the entrepreneurial environment of those years, paying special attention to the Compañía Bancaria de Fomento y Bienes Raíces and the interests of the businessman Enrique Schöndube, as well as Weetman Pearson and The Mexican Light and Power Company, analyzing their importance compared to other enterprises of lesser reach. This article follows the process of their founding and the rules of capitalist expansion under which they acted in order to explain changes that occurred on the urban and economic levels, as well as analyzing their operational mechanisms, the diversification of their investments, their international connections and their relationship with other companies. In the end, it analyzes their scope and outlines the new business environment that arose out of the Mexican Revolution, particularly reflecting on the state of Mexico’s cities and the project to provide them with service networks. Through the bibliographic analysis of particular cases, official and private documentation, statistical series and press clippings, among other sources, this article contributes to the knowledge of business history and articulates lines of comparative interpretation, allowing us to offer a more complete vision of Mexico’s cities as a whole and the presence of networks, whether business or financial, of services or of technicians, technologies and agents.
En este trabajo se analizan distintas facetas de la vida del médico sevillano Juan de la Fuente, quien fuera el primer catedrático de medicina en la Nueva España y en el continente americano. El ...objetivo principal es brindar una imagen más completa sobre este doctor, puesto que su figura ha sido frecuentemente estudiada haciendo énfasis en su magisterio en la Real Universidad de México, dejando de lado otros aspectos que lo muestran como un personaje más diverso, tales como su formación humanista y su fundamental participación en la creación de las primeras instituciones sanitarias novohispanas. A través de distintos documentos de archivo y referencias bibliográficas de la segunda mitad del siglo XVI se hace una reconstrucción de su vida y obra.
Pancreatic islets are mini-organs composed of hundreds or thousands of ɑ, β and δ-cells, which, respectively, secrete glucagon, insulin and somatostatin, key hormones for the regulation of blood ...glucose. In pancreatic islets, hormone secretion is tightly regulated by both internal and external mechanisms, including electrical communication and paracrine signaling between islet cells. Given its complexity, the experimental study of pancreatic islets has been complemented with computational modeling as a tool to gain a better understanding about how all the mechanisms involved at different levels of organization interact. In this review, we describe how multicellular models of pancreatic cells have evolved from the early models of electrically coupled β-cells to models in which experimentally derived architectures and both electrical and paracrine signals have been considered.
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