The aim of this study was to determine if specific physical tests are sufficiently discriminant to differentiate players of similar anthropometric characteristics, but of different playing levels. ...Physical tests were conducted analyzing specific strength, throwing velocity, and running speed tests. Thirty-six male junior handball players (
= 36; age 19.7 ± 1.8 years; 185.6 ± 6.9 cm; 83.1 ± 10.3 kg; 10.6 ± 3.2 years of experience) from two different levels of competition participated in the study: NT = 18 were world top-level elite players, belonging to the Spanish junior men's national team (National Team = NT) and A = 18 players of the same age and anthropometric conditions, who were selected from Spanish third league men's teams (Amateur = A). The results showed significant differences (
< 0.05) between the two groups in all physical tests, except for two-step-test velocity and shoulder internal rotation. We conclude that a battery combining the Specific Performance Test and the Force Development Standing Test is useful in identifying talent and differentiating between elite and sub-elite players. The current findings suggest that running speed tests and throwing tests are essential in selecting players, regardless of age, sex, or type of competition. The results shed light on the factors that differentiate players of different levels and can help coaches in selecting players.
Human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), for which neither a vaccine nor an effective therapeutic treatment is currently available, is the leading cause of severe lower respiratory tract infections ...in children. Interferon-stimulated gene 15 (ISG15) is a ubiquitin-like protein that is highly increased during viral infections and has been reported to have an antiviral or a proviral activity, depending on the virus. Previous studies from our laboratory demonstrated strong ISG15 upregulation during RSV infection in vitro. In this study, an in-depth analysis of the role of ISG15 in RSV infection is presented. ISG15 overexpression and small interfering RNA (siRNA)-silencing experiments, along with ISG15 knockout (ISG15(-/-)) cells, revealed an anti-RSV effect of the molecule. Conjugation inhibition assays demonstrated that ISG15 exerts its antiviral activity via protein ISGylation. This antiviral activity requires high levels of ISG15 to be present in the cells before RSV infection. Finally, ISG15 is also upregulated in human respiratory pseudostratified epithelia and in nasopharyngeal washes from infants infected with RSV, pointing to a possible antiviral role of the molecule in vivo. These results advance our understanding of the innate immune response elicited by RSV and open new possibilities to control infections by the virus.
At present, no vaccine or effective treatment for human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is available. This study shows that interferon-stimulated gene 15 (ISG15) lowers RSV growth through protein ISGylation. In addition, ISG15 accumulation highly correlates with the RSV load in nasopharyngeal washes from children, indicating that ISG15 may also have an antiviral role in vivo. These results improve our understanding of the innate immune response to RSV and identify ISG15 as a potential target for virus control.
Background: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection remains a global health challenge, with millions of people affected annually. Current diagnostic methods, reliant on antibody screening and viral RNA ...detection, are complex, costly, and often inaccessible, particularly in resource-limited settings. Aim: Development of a lateral flow immunochromatography-based assay for detecting the highly conserved hepatitis C core antigen (HCVcAg). Methods: The assay relies on the interaction of four highly specific and cross-reactive monoclonal antibodies with recombinant HCVcAg from five different genotypes in a double antibody sandwich format. Latex and colloidal gold were evaluated as detector nanoparticles. Results: Extensive evaluation of 32 antibody combinations led to identifying the most sensitive antibody pairs. The chosen assay, named LN17, demonstrated a target sensitivity of 10 ng/strip, with potential clinical implications for detecting HCV. Furthermore, the study examined matrix effects in serum samples, providing valuable insights for future clinical application. Conclusions: The developed assay holds promise as a rapid, cost-effective, and user-friendly tool to enhance accessibility to hepatitis C screening, especially in high-risk populations and resource-limited environments.
This communication is a research paper prepared with the conclusions of the Commitment and Transparency Foundation reports on the voluntary transparency of Spanish political parties, with ...representation in the Spanish Parliament, and the author's own analysis of the published information for these same parties through their web pages.
The objective is to highlight the information made public by the political parties voluntarily about the fulfillment of their electoral programs and thus demonstrate the commitment (or lack thereof) of the political parties with respect to their electoral proposals. In this sense, the study focuses on the information that accompanies the electoral programs to determine if it’s sufficient and adequate to allow voters to make informed decisions during the electoral campaign. In the same way, it’s wanted to demonstrate that the information available for the citizen doesn’t allow him to verify the real viability of the proposals and that the relevant information isn’t made public during and at the end of the legislatures, to know the degree of compliance of the parties with respect to their electoral programs presented to be voted.
El presente artículo es un trabajo de investigación elaborado con las conclusiones de los informes1 de Fundación Compromiso y Transparencia sobre la transparencia voluntaria de los partidos políticos españoles, con representación en el Congreso de los Diputados, y el propio análisis de la autora sobre la información publicada por estos mismos partidos a través de sus páginas web.
El objetivo es poner en relieve la información que hacen pública los partidos políticos de manera voluntaria sobre el cumplimiento de sus programas electorales y demostrar así el compromiso (o su falta) de los partidos políticos con respecto a sus propuestas electorales. En este sentido, el estudio se enfoca en la información que acompaña a los programas electorales para determinar si es suficiente y adecuada para permitir que los votantes tomen decisiones bien informados durante la campaña electoral. Del mismo modo, se quiere demostrar que la información disponible para el ciudadano no le permite comprobar la viabilidad real de las propuestas y que tampoco se hace pública la información pertinente durante y al final de las legislaturas, para conocer el grado de cumplimiento de los partidos con respecto a sus programas electorales que presentaron para ser votados.
1 Fundación Compromiso y Transparencia publica anualmente el informe Transparencia, el mejor eslogan desde 2012 hasta el último con fecha de septiembre de 2018, siendo en total siete estudios de análisis de la transparencia de los partidos políticos españoles a través de sus webs.
People living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection typically have hypovitaminosis D, which is linked to a large number of pathologies, including immune disorders and infectious diseases. ...Vitamin D (VitD) is a key regulator of host defense against infections by activating genes and pathways that enhance innate and adaptive immunity. VitD mediates its biological effects by binding to the Vitamin D receptor (VDR), and activating and regulating multiple cellular pathways. Single nucleotide polymorphisms in genes from those pathways have been associated with protection from HIV-1 infection. High levels of VitD and VDR expression are also associated with natural resistance to HIV-1 infection. Conversely, VitD deficiency is linked to more inflammation and immune activation, low peripheral blood CD4+ T-cells, faster progression of HIV disease, and shorter survival time in HIV-infected patients. VitD supplementation and restoration to normal values in HIV-infected patients may improve immunologic recovery during combination antiretroviral therapy, reduce levels of inflammation and immune activation, and increase immunity against pathogens. Additionally, VitD may protect against the development of immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome events, pulmonary tuberculosis, and mortality among HIV-infected patients. In summary, this review suggests that VitD deficiency may contribute to the pathogenesis of HIV infection. Also, VitD supplementation seems to reverse some alterations of the immune system, supporting the use of VitD supplementation as prophylaxis, especially in individuals with more severe VitD deficiency.
TRIM25 is an E3 ubiquitin ligase enzyme that is involved in various cellular processes, including regulation of the innate immune response against viruses. TRIM25-mediated ubiquitination of the ...cytosolic pattern recognition receptor RIG-I is an essential step for initiation of the intracellular antiviral response and has been thoroughly documented. In recent years, however, additional roles of TRIM25 in early innate immunity are emerging, including negative regulation of RIG-I, activation of the melanoma differentiation-associated protein 5-mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein-TRAF6 antiviral axis and modulation of p53 levels and activity. In addition, the ability of TRIM25 to bind RNA may uncover new mechanisms by which this molecule regulates intracellular signaling and/or RNA virus replication.
The human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV) causes severe lower respiratory tract infections in infants and the elderly. An exuberant inadequate immune response is behind most of the pathology ...caused by the HRSV. The main targets of HRSV infection are the epithelial cells of the respiratory tract, where the immune response against the virus begins. This early innate immune response consists of the expression of hundreds of pro-inflammatory and anti-viral genes that stimulates subsequent innate and adaptive immunity. The early innate response in infected cells is mediated by intracellular signaling pathways composed of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), adapters, kinases, and transcriptions factors. These pathways are tightly regulated by complex networks of post-translational modifications, including ubiquitination. Numerous ubiquitinases and deubiquitinases make these modifications reversible and highly dynamic. The intricate nature of the signaling pathways and their regulation offers the opportunity for fine-tuning the innate immune response against HRSV to control virus replication and immunopathology.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Viral infections induce substantial metabolic changes in infected cells to optimize viral production while cells develop countermeasures to restrict that infection. Human respiratory syncytial virus ...(HRSV) is an infectious pathogen that causes severe lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI) in infants, the elderly, and immunocompromised adults for which no effective treatment or vaccine is currently available. In this study, variations in metabolite levels at different time points post-HRSV infection of epithelial cells were studied by untargeted metabolomics using liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry analysis of methanol cell extracts. Numerous metabolites were significantly upregulated after 18 hours post-infection, including nucleotides, amino acids, amino and nucleotide sugars, and metabolites of the central carbon pathway. In contrast, most lipid classes were downregulated. Additionally, increased levels of oxidized glutathione and polyamines were associated with oxidative stress in infected cells. These results show how HRSV infection influences cell metabolism to produce the energy and building blocks necessary for virus reproduction, suggesting potential therapeutic interventions against this virus.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
The aim of this research was to analyze the effects on jumping and throwing after applying a protocol of self-loading and plyometry to a women's university handball team. Eleven amateur handball ...players participated in the event (Mage = 23.70; SD = 2.26), who performed the training protocol for eight weeks. An experimental design was established in which pre- and post-intervention evaluations were made in which the medicine ball throw, the speed of throwing to goal and the speed of the goal were evaluated, CMJ one leg and both legs, horizontal jump and asymmetries between both legs. For the evaluation of the training effect, a dependent samples t-test was tasked. The results show that they improved in the jumping tests but not in the throwing tests. In conclusion, a protocol of self-loading and plyometrics is effective in the vertical jump.
El objetivo del presente estudio fue analizar los efectos en el salto y el lanzamiento tras aplicar un protocolo de autocargas y pliometría a un equipo universitario de balonmano femenino. Participaron 11 jugadoras amateur de balonmano (Medad = 23.70; DT = 2.26), que realizaron el protocolo de entrenamiento durante ocho semanas. Se estableció un diseño experimental a través del cual se realizaron evaluaciones pre y post intervención de lanzamiento de balón medicinal, velocidad de lanzamiento a portería, CMJ bipodal y unipodal, salto horizontal y asimetrías entre ambas piernas. Para la evaluación del efecto del entrenamiento se realizó una prueba t-test de muestras dependientes. Los resultados revelan que mejoraron en las pruebas de salto, pero no en las de lanzamiento. En conclusión, un protocolo de autocargas y pliometría es efectivo en el salto vertical.
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