Background
Television (TV) viewing and computer use have been associated with higher risk of depression, but studies specifically assessing the impact of these and other types of sedentary behaviors ...(SBs) on the mental health of older adults are scarce and their results are inconclusive. Similarly, the association between specific types of recreational physical activity (rPA) and mental health in older adults is poorly understood.
Methods
In 2012, information on SBs, rPA, and other health behaviors was collected with validated questionnaires from community‐dwelling older adults participating in the Seniors‐ENRICA cohort. In 2012 and 2015, symptoms of depression and mental distress were assessed using the GDS‐10 and the General Health Questionnaire‐12 (GHQ‐12), respectively.
Results
Time spent watching TV was prospectively associated with higher (worse) GDS‐10 scores in women (β 95% confidence interval (CI) comparing the second and third tertiles of TV viewing to the first: 0.21 –0.04 to 0.46 and 0.37 0.13–0.62, respectively; P‐trend: < 0.01), but not in men (−0.11 –0.35 to 0.13 and –0.18 –0.44 to 0.08; P‐trend: 0.16). Women, but not men, who spent more time in other SBs, including reading, using the computer and commuting, showed a lower number of depressive symptoms (−0.19 –0.44 to 0.06 and –0.34 –0.60 to –0.08; P‐trend: 0.01) and lower (better) GHQ‐12 scores (−0.33 –0.67 to –0.00 and –0.35 –0.69 to –0.00; P‐trend: 0.05) at follow‐up. Both in men and women, higher levels of rPA, such as walking, practicing sports, and do‐it‐yourself activities, were associated with lower GDS‐10 scores (−0.07 –0.25 to 0.11 and –0.19 –0.36 to –0.01; P‐trend: 0.04) and with lower GHQ‐12 scores (−0.02 –0.26 to 0.22 and –0.23 –0.47 to –0.00; P‐trend: 0.06).
Conclusions
Older women who spent more time watching TV and less time in other SBs showed a higher number of depressive symptoms. Data suggest that increasing rPA may improve mental health in older adults, particularly among women.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND
The aims were to: (1) examine the levels of physical activity (PA) during different time periods (ie, daily PA, school hour PA, recess PA, physical education classes PEC PA) in ...children and adolescents; and (2) identify the rate of compliance with the specific PA recommendations for these time periods.
METHODS
The participants were 1925 (940 girls) children and adolescents from 40 Spanish schools. Hip‐worn accelerometers were used to assess PA during different time periods.
RESULTS
Boys and children were more physically active and had a greater percentage meeting the daily PA recommendation and the school‐based PA recommendation than girls and adolescents, respectively. Compliance with daily PA recommendation was markedly higher than that with the school‐based PA recommendation, regardless of sex and age groups (ie, 80.4% vs 24.1% for daily and school‐based PA recommendations, respectively, in child boys). A very low percentage (ie, 9.7% and 1.2% of child boys with almost 50% of moderate‐to‐vigorous PA during recess and PEC, respectively) of students reached the recommended PA levels for recess and PEC.
CONCLUSIONS
Physical activity levels during school hours, recess, and PEC in children and adolescents are very low. Promoting PA in school settings is essential, especially in girls and adolescents.
Objectives
This study aimed: (a) to provide a detailed description of sleep, sedentary behavior (SED), light physical activity (LPA), and moderate‐to‐vigorous physical activity (MVPA) over the ...complete 24‐hours period using raw acceleration data in older adults; and (b) to examine the differences in the 24‐hours activity cycle by sex, age, education, and body mass index (BMI).
Methods
Population‐based cohort comprising 3273 community‐dwelling individuals (1739 women), aged 71.8 ± 4.5 years, participating in the Seniors‐ENRICA‐2 study. Participants wore a wrist‐worn ActiGraph GT9X accelerometer for 7 consecutive days, and the raw signal was processed using the R‐package GGIR.
Results
Participants reached 21.5 mg as mean acceleration over the whole day; 32.3% (7.7 h/d) of time was classified as sleep, 53.2% (12.7 h/d) as SED, 10.4% (148.6 min/d) as LPA, and 4.1% (59.0 min/d) as MVPA. No marked differences were found in sleep‐related variables between socio‐demographic and BMI groups. However, women showed higher LPA but lower SED and MVPA than men. Moreover, SED increased whereas LPA and MVPA decreased with age. Participants with obesity (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2) accumulated more SED and less LPA and MVPA than those without obesity. As expected, adherence to physical activity recommendations varied widely (9.2%‐76.6%) depending on the criterion of MVPA accumulation.
Conclusion
Objective assessment of the 24‐hour activity cycle provides extensive characterization of daily activities distribution in older adults and may inform health‐promotion interventions in this population. Women, the oldest old, and those with obesity offer relevant targets of strategies to improve lifestyle patterns.
Background
Depression and anxiety are the leading mental health problems worldwide; depression is ranked as the leading cause of global disability with anxiety disorders ranked sixth. Preventive ...strategies based on the identification of modifiable factors merit exploration. The aim of the present study was to investigate the associations of handgrip strength (HGS) with incident depression and anxiety and to explore how these associations differ by socio‐demographic, lifestyle, and health‐related factors.
Methods
The analytic sample comprised 162 167 participants (55% women), aged 38–70 years, from the UK Biobank prospective cohort study. HGS was assessed at baseline using dynamometry. Depression and anxiety were extracted from primary care and hospital admission records. Cox proportional models were applied, with a 2 year landmark analysis, to investigate the associations between HGS and incident depression and anxiety.
Results
Of the 162 167 participants included, 5462 (3.4%) developed depression and 6614 (4.1%) anxiety, over a median follow‐up period of 10.0 years (inter‐quartile range: 9.3–10.8) for depression and 9.9 (inter‐quartile range: 9.0–10.8) for anxiety. In the fully adjusted model, a 5 kg lower HGS was associated with a 7% (HR: 1.07 95% CI: 1.05, 1.10; P < 0.001) and 8% (HR: 1.08 95% CI: 1.06, 1.10; P < 0.001) higher risk of depression and anxiety, respectively. Compared with participants in the sex and age‐specific highest tertiles of HGS, those in the medium and lowest tertiles had an 11% (HR: 1.11 95% CI: 1.04, 1.19; P = 0.002) and 24% (HR: 1.24 95% CI: 1.16, 1.33; P < 0.001) higher risk of depression and 13% (HR: 1.13 95% CI: 1.06, 1.20; P < 0.001) and 27% (HR: 1.27 95% CI: 1.19, 1.35; P < 0.001) higher risk of anxiety, respectively. The association of HGS with depression was stronger among participants with average or brisk walking pace (vs. slow walking pace; Pinteraction < 0.001). The association with anxiety was stronger in those participants aged ≥58 years (vs. ≤58 years; Pinteraction = 0.002) and those living in more affluent areas (vs. deprived; Pinteraction = 0.001).
Conclusions
Handgrip strength was inversely associated with incident depression and anxiety. Because HGS is a simple, non‐invasive, and inexpensive measure, it could be easily used in clinical practice to stratify patients and identify those at elevated risk of mental health problems. However, future research should assess if resistance training aimed at increasing HGS can prevent the occurrence of mental health conditions.
ABSTRACT Based on the data collected by the Vacuum Tower Telescope located in the Teide Observatory in the Canary Islands, we analyzed the three-dimensional (3D) motion of so-called knots in a solar ...prominence of 2014 June 9. Trajectories of seven knots were reconstructed, giving information of the 3D geometry of the magnetic field. Helical motion was detected. From the equipartition principle, we estimated the lower limit of the magnetic field in the prominence to 1-3 G and from the Ampère's law the lower limit of the electric current to 1.2 × 109 A.
Objective
To assess the association of physical activity (PA) type, volume, intensity, and changes over time with all‐cause mortality in older adults.
Methods
We used data from 3518 and 3273 older ...adults recruited in the Seniors‐ENRICA‐1 and 2 cohorts. PA was assessed with the EPIC questionnaire. Participants reported how many hours they spent a week in walking, cycling, gardening, do‐it‐yourself (DIY), sports, and housework. Then, time at each intensity (moderate PA MPA, vigorous PA VPA, moderate‐to‐vigorous PA MVPA and total PA) was calculated. Changes in PA were calculated from the date of the baseline interview to Wave 1. All‐cause mortality was ascertained up January 31, 2022. Analyses were performed with Cox regression models, adjusting for the main confounders.
Results
Walking, gardening, sports, and housework was associated with lower mortality (ranged 20%–46%). Also, MPA, VPA, MVPA was associated with lower risk of mortality (ranged 28%–53%). Analyses of PA change showed that, compared no PA participation (at baseline nor Wave 1), maintain walking, sports, and housework (ranged 28%–53%) and maintaining MPA, VPA, and MVPA (ranged 32%–36%) levels was linked to decreased mortality risk. Those who increased, maintained, or even decreased total PA had lower mortality (57%, 52%, and 36%, respectively) than those with consistently very low PA.
Conclusions
The lower mortality was observed in those with a high baseline level of total PA. Maintaining PA levels such as walking, gardening, and housework, or at all analyzed intensities, was related to lower mortality.
In the interior of neutron stars, the induction equation regulates the long-term evolution of the magnetic fields by means of resistivity, Hall dynamics and ambipolar diffusion. Despite the apparent ...simplicity and compactness of the equation, the dynamics it describes is not trivial and its understanding relies on accurate numerical simulations. While a few works in 2D have reached a mature stage and a consensus on the general dynamics at least for some simple initial data, only few attempts have been performed in 3D, due to the computational costs and the need for a proper numerical treatment of the intrinsic non-linearity of the equation. Here, we carefully analyze the general induction equation, studying its characteristic structure, and we present a new Cartesian 3D code, generated by the user-friendly, publicly available Simflowny platform. The code uses high-order numerical schemes for the time and spatial discretization, and relies on the highly-scalable SAMRAI architecture for the adaptive mesh refinement. We present the application of the code to several benchmark tests, showing the high order of convergence and accuracy achieved and the capabilities in terms of magnetic shock resolution and three-dimensionality. This paper paves the way for the applications to a realistic, 3D long-term evolution of neutron stars interior and, possibly, of other astrophysical sources.
To examine the longitudinal relationships between objectively measured total volume and specific intensities of physical activity (PA) with academic performance in a large sample of youth aged 6‐18 ...years. A longitudinal study of 1046 youth (10.04 ± 3.10 years) from Spain was followed over 2 years. PA (volume and intensity) was measured by accelerometry. Academic performance was assessed through grades reported on the transcript at the end of the academic year (Mathematics, Language, an average of these two core subjects, and grade point average GPA). Longitudinal relationships between PA and four indicators of academic performance were examined using covariance and regression analyses, adjusted for a variety of confounders. Youth Quartile 2 for PA volume at baseline obtained better scores than those who participated in Quartiles 1 or 4 volumes of PA in GPA 2 years later (p = 0.006). There were generally no longitudinal associations between specific PA intensities and any of the academic performance indicators (all p > 0.170). However, a change in light PA over 2 years was inversely associated with three academic indicators in youth (βrange, ‐.103 to ‐ 090; all P < 040). Findings suggest that participants in Quartile 2 volume of PA had a better GPA in comparison with Quartiles 1 and 4 volumes of PA during youth, but there was no association with changes in PA volume over time. PA intensity was generally unrelated to academic performance during youth. However, there was an inverted u‐shape relationship between light PA changes and GPA.
Evidence is limited about the joint health effects of the Mediterranean lifestyle on cardiometabolic health and mortality. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association of the Mediterranean ...lifestyle with the frequency of the metabolic syndrome (MS) and the risk of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in Spain.
Data were taken from ENRICA study, a prospective cohort of 11,090 individuals aged 18+ years, representative of the population of Spain, who were free of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and diabetes at 2008-2010 and were followed-up to 2017. The Mediterranean lifestyle was assessed at baseline with the 27-item MEDLIFE index (with higher score representing better adherence).
Compared to participants in the lowest quartile of MEDLIFE, those in the highest quartile had a multivariable-adjusted odds ratio 0.73 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.5, 0.93) for MS, 0.63. (0.51, 0.80) for abdominal obesity, and 0.76 (0.63, 0.90) for low HDL-cholesterol. Similarly, a higher MELDIFE score was associated with lower HOMA-IR and highly-sensitivity C-reactive protein (P-trend < 0.001). During a mean follow-up of 8.7 years, 330 total deaths (74 CVD deaths) were ascertained. When comparing those in highest vs. lowest quartile of MEDLIFE, the multivariable-adjusted hazard ratio (95% CI) was 0.58 (0.37, 0.90) for total mortality and 0.33 (0.11, 1.02) for cardiovascular mortality.
The Mediterranean lifestyle was associated with lower frequency of MS and reduced all-cause mortality in Spain. Future studies should determine if this also applies to other Mediterranean countries, and also improve cardiovascular health outside the Mediterranean basin.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
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