Este texto pretende contribuir al conocimiento de la historia rural andaluza del siglo xix y de principios del siglo xx. A partir de un estudio de caso, la historia de una comunidad rural de la Alta ...Andalucía (Montefrío), rastrea el comportamiento demográfico, económico y social de grupos, familias e individuos. Y maneja varias hipótesis: primera, el cambio económico decimonónico tuvo origen en factores sociales e institucionales; segunda, el crecimiento económico y el demográfico generaron desigualdad y, finalmente, provocaron una crisis social; tercera, en ese marco, la migración desempeñó un papel fundamental como estabilizador socio-demográfico; cuarta, la migración no fue homogénea, sino que respondió a distintas lógicas de reproducción social. El texto se estructura en cuatro partes: la primera analiza la evolución demográfica, la segunda plantea los fundamentos del crecimiento económico decimonónico, la tercera aborda la crisis del periodo intersecular y la cuarta se detiene en el desenlace migratorio de las primeras décadas del novecientos.
El presente artículo analiza el valor que los profesionales de un medio público de referencia, Radio Nacional de España (RNE), atribuyen a la participación ciudadana en el marco del servicio público ...y la convergencia tecnológica. La metodología se apoya en entrevistas a una muestra intencional de 16 periodistas y cargos directivos, con preguntas que indagan en esta dimensión y en las potencialidades participativas de las redes sociales. Los resultados evidencian una concepción algo dispersa de las nociones de participación y servicio público, que es reflejo de la propia indefinición del marco regulatorio. Asimismo, la percepción oscila entre su adscripción a valores democráticos y una perspectiva más minimalista de la participación y centrada en criterios profesionales o en su utilidad para la programación radiofónica. Aunque las redes sociales han diversificado los canales para interactuar con las audiencias, su uso parece replicar el modelo radiofónico privado y se traduce en cambios más formales que no afectan ni a la renovación de los contenidos ni a los repertorios tradicionales de la participación.
La eventual desconexión entre las preferencias de los votantes y las políticas concretas es de especial interés en Estados descentralizados, donde cualquier iniciativa política también puede verse ...como una erosión o un refuerzo del autogobierno. El objetivo de este artículo es aplicar este marco conceptual a la armonización del Impuesto sobre Sucesiones y Donaciones español (ISD), contrastando econométricamente si los ciudadanos que viven en comunidades autónomas que lideraron una carrera fiscal a la baja en este impuesto o en aquéllas más proclives al autogobierno se oponen en mayor medida que el resto de españoles a la armonización tributaria de este impuesto. Empíricamente, explotamos los datos del Barómetro Fiscal de 2019 del Instituto de Estudios Fiscales. Según nuestros principales resultados, los ciudadanos que viven en comunidades autónomas con un menor ISD y los ciudadanos que viven en algunas regiones donde gobiernan partidos nacionalistas tienen incluso más probabilidades de favorecer la armonización.
El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar la investigación que se ha desarrollado en el área de Trabajo Social de acuerdo a los trabajos publicados en revistas del área de Trabajo Social según las ...bases de datos bibliográficas de referencia internacional propiedad de Thomson Reuter, Web of Science y Journal Citation Reports. Para ello, recuperaremos desde el Web of Science todos los trabajos publicados en las revistas internacionales indexadas en la categoría de trabajo social del Journal Citation Report entre los años 2010-2015. Entonces, analizamos mediante técnicas de mapas de ciencia el contenido de los trabajos e identificamos los temas de investigación más relevantes, los temas emergentes, los temas en decadencia y temas periféricos
Microbes live within complex communities of interacting populations, either free-living in waters and soils or symbionts of animals and plants. Their interactions include the production of ...antimicrobial peptides (bacteriocins) to antagonize competitors, and these producers must carry their own immunity gene for self-protection. Whether other coexisting populations are sensitive or resistant to the bacteriocin producer will be key for the population dynamics within the microbial community. The immunity gene frequently consists of an ABC transporter to repel its own bacteriocin but rarely protects against a nonrelated bacteriocin. A case where this cross-resistance occurs mediated by a shared ABC transporter has been shown between enterocins MR10A/B and AS-48. The first is an L50-like leaderless enterocin, while AS-48 is a circular enterocin. In addition, L50-like enterocins such as MR10A/B have been found in E. faecalis and E. faecium, but AS-48 appears only in E. faecalis. Thus, using the ABC transporter of the enterocin MR10A/B gene cluster of Enterococcus faecalis MRR10-3 as a cross-resistance model, we aimed to unravel to what extent a particular ABC transporter can be shared across multiple bacteriocinogenic bacterial populations. To this end, we screened the MR10A/B-ABC transporters in available microbial genomes and analyzed their sequence homologies and distribution. Overall, our main findings are as follows: (i) the MR10A/B-ABC transporter is associated with multiple enterocin gene clusters; (ii) the different enterocins associated with this transporter have a saposin-like fold in common; (iii) the Mr10E component of the transporter is more conserved within its associated enterocin, while the Mr10FGH components are more conserved within the carrying species. This is the least known component of the transporter, but it has shown the greatest specificity to its corresponding enterocin. Bacteriocins are now being investigated as an alternative to antibiotics; hence, the wider or narrower distribution of the particular immunity gene should be taken into account for clinical applications to avoid the selection of resistant strains. Further research will be needed to investigate the mechanistic interactions between the Mr10E transporter component and the bacteriocin as well as the specific ecological and evolutionary mechanisms involved in the spread of the immunity transporter across multiple bacteriocins.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
While self‐identity recognition has been largely explored, less is known on how self‐identity changes as a function of time. The present work aims to explore the influence of the temporal perspective ...on self‐identity by studying event‐related brain potentials (ERP) associated with face processing. To this purpose, participants had to perform a recognition task in two blocks with different task demands: (i) identity recognition (self, close‐friend, unknown), and (ii) life stage recognition (adulthood ‐current‐, adolescence, and childhood). The results showed that the N170 component was sensitive to changes in the global face configuration when comparing adulthood with other life stages. The N250 was the earliest neural marker discriminating self from other identities and may be related to a preferential deployment of attentional resources to recognize own face. The P3 was a robust index of self‐specificity, reflecting stimulus categorization and presumably adding an emotional value. The results of interest emerged for the subsequent late positive complex (LPC). The larger amplitude for the LPC to the self‐face was probably associated with further personal significance. The LPC, therefore, was able to distinguish the continuity of the self over time (i.e., between current self and past selves). Likewise, this component also could discriminate, at each life stage, the self‐identity from other identities (e.g., between past self and past close‐friend). This would confirm a remarkable role of the LPC reflecting higher self‐relevance processes. Taken together, the neural representation of oneself (i.e., “I am myself”) seems to be stable and also updated across time.
While extant studies extensively address the neural signs of the diachronic component of self‐identity (self vs. others), the synchronic component (self‐identity across time) is overlooked. This study provides new evidence about specific neural correlates to self‐identity indicating preferential and stable processing compared to other identities, being modulated across life stages. These findings extend current knowledge on the evolution of the mental representation of the self.
Feathers are essential for avian life, and factors affecting their integrity are important to understand their evolution. These factors should depend on, among other traits, species‐specific ...bacterial environments and life‐history characteristics. However, interspecific variation in feather deterioration, feather susceptibility to degradation by keratinolytic bacteria (degradability), and bacterial environment, have rarely been quantified. Here, we did so by measuring deterioration and degradability of wing feathers of fledglings in 16 bird species, and characterizing the bacterial environment where they developed. We found statistically significant interspecific variation for all considered variables. On average, non‐melanised were more deteriorated than melanised feathers, but differences depended on the species. Moreover, nest bacterial loads were related to feather wear, but the sign of the association depended on the bacterial group considered and on feather pigmentation. We also found a positive association of feather degradability with wear of non‐melanised feathers, and with bacterial loads. These results suggest that bacterial environments determine the integrity of fledgling feathers as well as their resistance to bacterial degradation, which implies a preponderant role of bacteria in driving the evolution of avian feathers.
Nest re‐use in birds has the potential cost of infection by parasites and pathogens but may also be a source of beneficial symbiotic bacteria transmitted horizontally. Eurasian hoopoes Upupa epops ...host antibiotic‐producing bacteria in their uropygial gland but only while breeding, which suggests that the nest‐hole may be a source of those symbionts. Interestingly, hoopoes do not build nests, thus might prefer for reproduction nest holes with soft materials from previous reproductions. Here, we tested experimentally this preference by installing in the field new nest boxes that were left empty or filled with either sawdust or a mixture of sawdust and hoopoe's nest material from the previous year. We explored the experimental effect on the composition of the uropygial secretion bacterial community, on eggshell bacterial loads, and on several proxies of reproductive success. Hoopoes bred significantly more often in nest boxes with nest material than in empty ones, but the type of nest material did not affect nest box occupancy. Eggs in nest boxes with old‐soft material harbored higher bacterial density on their shells, and the microbiota of the uropygial secretion of nestlings and females in these nest boxes differed from those in nest boxes without old‐soft material. Moreover, although the experiment did not affect breeding success or related proxies, several operational taxonomic units from female uropygial secretions were positively associated with hatching success. This is the first experimental evidence showing that re‐used nest material affects the bacterial community of the uropygial secretions of hoopoe females. This suggests that the nest material can be a source of strains for their incorporation to both the uropygial gland and eggshell communities, highlighting a possible advantage of nest re‐use previously unconsidered.
Identification of biomarkers associated with the prognosis of different cancer subtypes is critical to achieve better therapeutic assistance. In colorectal cancer (CRC) the discovery of stable and ...consistent survival markers remains a challenge due to the high heterogeneity of this class of tumors. In this work, we identified a new set of gene markers for CRC associated to prognosis and risk using a large unified cohort of patients with transcriptomic profiles and survival information.
We built an integrated dataset with 1273 human colorectal samples, which provides a homogeneous robust framework to analyse genome-wide expression and survival data. Using this dataset we identified two sets of genes that are candidate prognostic markers for CRC in stages III and IV, showing either up-regulation correlated with poor prognosis or up-regulation correlated with good prognosis. The top 10 up-regulated genes found as survival markers of poor prognosis (i.e. low survival) were: DCBLD2, PTPN14, LAMP5, TM4SF1, NPR3, LEMD1, LCA5, CSGALNACT2, SLC2A3 and GADD45B. The stability and robustness of the gene survival markers was assessed by cross-validation, and the best-ranked genes were also validated with two external independent cohorts: one of microarrays with 482 samples; another of RNA-seq with 269 samples. Up-regulation of the top genes was also proved in a comparison with normal colorectal tissue samples. Finally, the set of top 100 genes that showed overexpression correlated with low survival was used to build a CRC risk predictor applying a multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analysis. This risk predictor yielded an optimal separation of the individual patients of the cohort according to their survival, with a p-value of 8.25e-14 and Hazard Ratio 2.14 (95% CI: 1.75-2.61).
The results presented in this work provide a solid rationale for the prognostic utility of a new set of genes in CRC, demonstrating their potential to predict colorectal tumor progression and evolution towards poor survival stages. Our study does not provide a fixed gene signature for prognosis and risk prediction, but instead proposes a robust set of genes ranked according to their predictive power that can be selected for additional tests with other CRC clinical cohorts.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is one of the most serious threats for human health in the near future. Livestock has played an important role in the appearance of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, ...intestinal dysbiosis in farming animals, or the spread of AMR among pathogenic bacteria of human concern. The development of alternatives like probiotics is focused on maintaining or improving production levels while diminishing these negative effects of antibiotics. To this end, we supplied the potential probiotic
UGRA10 in the diet of laying hens at a final concentration of 10
Colony Forming Units per gram (CFU/g) of fodder. Its effects have been analyzed by: (i) investigating the response of the ileum and caecum microbiome; and (ii) analyzing the outcome on eggs production. During the second half of the experimental period (40 to 76 days), hens fed
UGRA10 maintained egg production, while control animals dropped egg production. Supplementation diet with
UGRA10 significantly increased ileum and caecum bacterial diversity (higher bacterial operational taxonomic unit richness and Faith's diversity index) of laying hens, with animals fed the same diet showing a higher similarity in microbial composition. These results point out to the beneficial effects of
UGRA10 in egg production. Future experiments are necessary to unveil the underlying mechanisms that mediate the positive response of animals to this treatment.
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