Sleep disorders are common in children with neurological disorders. The aim of this study is to know the opinion of neuropediatricians and the prevalence of these disturbances in Spain.
Multicenter ...cross-sectional study (12 Spanish hospitals, 15 researchers). BEARS survey was collected in three groups: A (2-5 years), (6-12 years), and C (> 12 years). The opinion of neuropediatricians was also collected.
939 questionnaires were filled. The main results in groups B and C were ADHD (32.4% and 30.1% respectively) and headache (25.1% and 27.6% respectively), whereas in group A neurodevelopmental disorders (32.4%) and epilepsy (21.4%) were the main diagnoses. Disturbances in at least one area of sleep were found in 92% of children in group A (n = 209, mean 3 years), 64.2% in group B (n = 534, mean 9.4 years) and 58.2% in group C (n = 196, mean 13.7 years). Sixty-one surveys were answered by neuropediatricians (16.75% of the total sent), estimating that less than a quarter of the patients (24.5%) suffered. Even, up to 23% of doctors claimed that the prevalence of sleep disorders was < 10%.
58-92% of parents-patients under follow up at a neuropediatrician office in Spain have some degree of disturbed sleep. Although most neurologists emphasize the importance of an early diagnosis and treatment of sleep disorders in children with neurological disorders, its frequency is often underestimated (risk of underdiagnosis).
Both, cardiorespiratory fitness and abdominal obesity are independently associated with developing cardiovascular disease and its risk factors. However, the relationship between both attributes is ...unclear. We examine the relationship between cardiorespiratory fitness and the risk of developing abdominal obesity, and secondarily, other adiposity measures.
Retrospective observational study of a cohort of 1284 sedentary patients, who had participated in a clinical trial of physical activity promotion carried out in Spain (2003–2007). At baseline, they were free of cardiovascular disease, hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia and/or abdominal obesity, with an indirect VO2max measurement, were 19–80 years old, 62% women, and had completed the two year follow-up. The exposure factor was cardiorespiratory fitness categorized as high, moderate or low, according to tertiles of VO2max values. The main outcome measure was the risk of developing abdominal obesity, as defined by waist circumference >102 (men) and >88 (women) cm. Secondary outcomes were the risk of developing: general obesity, excess body fat, and their combination (“defined” obesity).
At two years, 10.5% of the participants had developed abdominal obesity: 6.1% in the high cardiorespiratory fitness tertile, 9.7% in the moderate tertile (adjusted odds ratio, 1.20; 95% confidence interval 0.68–2.10), and 15.7% in the low tertile (adjusted odds ratio, 2.29; 95% confidence interval 1.34–3.91). Moreover, 2.2% of participants in the high cardiorespiratory fitness tertile developed “defined” obesity as did 5.4% in the low tertile (adjusted odds ratio, 2.90; 95% confidence interval 1.15–7.29).
Low cardiorespiratory fitness levels are associated with a higher risk of developing abdominal and “defined” obesity.
•Low cardiorespiratory fitness has the highest incidence of abdominal obesity.•The risk of developing abdominal obesity is higher in women and in smokers.•There is no association between cardiorespiratory fitness and general obesity.•A high body mass index owing to excess body fat is associated with fitness.
Background
Studying the adherence of the population to the Atlantic Diet (AD) could be simplified by an easy and quickly applied dietary index. The aim of this study is to analyse the relationship of ...an index measuring compliance with recommendations regarding the Atlantic diet and physical activity with cardiovascular disease risk factors, cardiovascular risk factors, obesity indexes and arterial stiffness markers.
We included 791 individuals from the EVIDENT study (lifestyles and arterial ageing), (52.3 ± 12 years, 61.7% women) without cardiovascular disease. Compliance with recommendations on AD was collected through the responses to a food frequency questionnaire, while physical activity was measured by accelerometer. The number of recommendations being met was estimated using a global scale between 0 and 14 points (a higher score representing greater adherence). Blood pressure, plasma lipid and glucose values and obesity rates were measured. Cardiovascular risk was estimated with the Framingham equation.
In the overall sample, 184 individuals (23.3%) scored between 0⁻3 on the 14-point index we created, 308 (38.9%) between 4 and 5 points, and 299 (37.8%) 6 or more points. The results of multivariate analysis yield a common tendency in which the group with an adherence score of at least 6 points shows lower figures for total cholesterol (
= 0.007) and triglycerides (
= 0.002). Similarly, overall cardiovascular risk in this group is the lowest (
< 0.001), as is pulse wave velocity (
= 0.050) and the mean values of the obesity indexes studied (
< 0.05 in all cases).
The rate of compliance with the Atlantic diet and physical activity shows that greater adherence to these recommendations is linked to lower cardiovascular risk, lower total cholesterol and triglycerides, lower rates of obesity and lower pulse wave velocity values.
Background Neonatal diabetes is a rare disease characterized by hyperglycaemia within the first 3 months of life and requiring insulin treatment; it can either be transient (TNDM) or permanent ...(PNDM). Alterations at band 6q24 and heterozygous activating mutations in KCNJ11, the gene encoding the pore‐forming subunit of the KATP channel, can cause neonatal diabetes.
Aims We screened the 6q24 region, KCNJ11, GCK, FOXP3 and IPF1 genes for mutations in families with PNDM or TNDM to establish a phenotype–genotype correlation.
Methods Twenty‐two patients with neonatal diabetes were recruited. Inclusion criteria were insulin‐treated diabetes diagnosed within the first 3 months and insulin treatment for at least 15 days. Clinical data were recorded in a questionnaire.
Results We identified 17 genetic alterations in our patients: six alterations at the 6q24 band associated with TNDM and nine mutations in KCNJ11, five of which were novel. The analysis for a phenotype–genotype correlation showed that patients with 6q24 alterations had a lower birth weight and were diagnosed earlier than patients with KCNJ11 mutations. At follow‐up of the TNDM patients with genetic alterations, 43% developed diabetes or impaired glucose tolerance in later life (one with 6q24 duplication and two with N48D and E227K mutations at KCNJ11 gene). Furthermore, half the first‐degree relatives who carried a genetic alteration but who had not suffered from neonatal diabetes were diagnosed with diabetes or impaired glucose tolerance before the age of 30 years.
Conclusions KCNJ11 mutations are common in both TNDM and PNDM and are associated with a higher birth weight compared with patients with 6q24 abnormalities. Patients with TNDM should be screened for abnormalities in glucose metabolism in adult life.
The article analyzes how gender roles are symbolized in three Colombian reviews issued in the first half of the 20thcentury: Labores, Tierra Nativay Lumbre. The research is focused on three aspects. ...Firstly, the article tackles the gender roles proposed by the reviews mentioned. Secondly, authors inspect the relationship between gender roles and the contemporary ́s Colombian political and economic context. Thirdly, are examined the functions, values and stereotypes assigned to both sexes in those days advertising.In conclusion, the research is a first approach to the Colombian nation-state building‟s influence on the gender roles configuration.
Non-English title Ceja, Faustino Moreno; Leal, Maria del Rocio Zumaya; Ballesteros, Arturo Curiel
Revista de salud pública (Bogotá, Colombia),
01/2015, Letnik:
17, Številka:
2
Journal Article
Recenzirano
A systematic review was performed to specify the characteristics of academic stress that affect the mental health of the university population. To do this, recent publications regarding academic ...stress, student desertion, and retention strategies were examined. Throughout this text, we present the results of the review in terms of the definitions of academic stress, student desertion, and retention strategies. In the same way, we examine the interpretative models with regard to student desertion and approach retention strategies in higher education. We also review retention experiences of several other countries. In terms of Colombia, we present aspects related to student desertion and retention programs from the point of view of the National Ministry of Education and from the experience of some universities with consolidated programs.
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