We use MasterCode to perform a frequentist analysis of the constraints on a phenomenological MSSM model with 11 parameters, the pMSSM11, including constraints from
∼
36
/fb of LHC data at 13 TeV and ...PICO, XENON1T and PandaX-II searches for dark matter scattering, as well as previous accelerator and astrophysical measurements, presenting fits both with and without the
(
g
-
2
)
μ
constraint. The pMSSM11 is specified by the following parameters: 3 gaugino masses
M
1
,
2
,
3
, a common mass for the first-and second-generation squarks
m
q
~
and a distinct third-generation squark mass
m
q
~
3
, a common mass for the first-and second-generation sleptons
m
ℓ
~
and a distinct third-generation slepton mass
m
τ
~
, a common trilinear mixing parameter
A
, the Higgs mixing parameter
μ
, the pseudoscalar Higgs mass
M
A
and
tan
β
. In the fit including
(
g
-
2
)
μ
, a Bino-like
χ
~
1
0
is preferred, whereas a Higgsino-like
χ
~
1
0
is mildly favoured when the
(
g
-
2
)
μ
constraint is dropped. We identify the mechanisms that operate in different regions of the pMSSM11 parameter space to bring the relic density of the lightest neutralino,
χ
~
1
0
, into the range indicated by cosmological data. In the fit including
(
g
-
2
)
μ
, coannihilations with
χ
~
2
0
and the Wino-like
χ
~
1
±
or with nearly-degenerate first- and second-generation sleptons are active, whereas coannihilations with the
χ
~
2
0
and the Higgsino-like
χ
~
1
±
or with first- and second-generation squarks may be important when the
(
g
-
2
)
μ
constraint is dropped. In the two cases, we present
χ
2
functions in two-dimensional mass planes as well as their one-dimensional profile projections and best-fit spectra. Prospects remain for discovering strongly-interacting sparticles at the LHC, in both the scenarios with and without the
(
g
-
2
)
μ
constraint, as well as for discovering electroweakly-interacting sparticles at a future linear
e
+
e
-
collider such as the ILC or CLIC.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
There is an increasing evidence of the immunological role of breast milk (BM) microbiota on infant health. This study aims to analyze several determining factors of milk microbiota.
A total of 96 ...milk samples from 32 healthy mothers (19 preterm vs 13 at term gestations; and 15 vaginal deliveries vs 17 Cesarean sections) were longitudinally collected. Microbiota composition was studied by quantitative PCR and the influence of lactation stage, gestational age and delivery mode was evaluated.
Globally, Lactobacillus, Streptococcus and Enterococcus spp. were the predominant bacterial groups. Total bacteria, Bifidobacterium and Enterococcus spp. counts increased throughout the lactation period. At all lactation stages, Bifidobacterium spp. concentration was significantly higher in milk samples from at term gestations than in preterm gestations. Higher bacterial concentrations in colostrum and transitional milk were found in Cesarean sections. Nevertheless, Bifidobacterium was detected more frequently in vaginal than in Cesarean deliveries.
Lactation stage, gestational age and delivery mode all influence the composition of several bacteria inhabiting BM: Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, Staphylococcus, Streptococcus and Enterococcus spp., and, consequently, may affect the infant's early intestinal colonization.
Background
Diet has an important role in host–microbiome interplay, which may result in intestinal permeability changes and physiopathological effects at a systemic level. Despite the importance of ...maternal microbiota as the main contributor to the initial microbial seeding, little is known about the effects of maternal diet during pregnancy on maternal-neonatal microbiota.
Objectives
This study aimed at ascertaining the possible associations between maternal dietary intake during pregnancy and neonatal microbiota at birth and to evaluate the relationship with maternal intestinal markers.
Methods
In a nested cross-sectional study in the longitudinal MAMI cohort, maternal-neonatal microbiota profiling at birth (
n
= 73) was assessed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Maternal intestinal markers as zonulin, intestinal alkaline phosphatase (IAP) activity and faecal calprotectin were measured in faeces. Furthermore, maternal-neonatal clinical and anthropometric data, as well as maternal nutrient intake during pregnancy obtained by FFQ questionnaires, were collected.
Results
Maternal diet is associated with both maternal and neonatal microbiota at the time of birth, in a delivery mode-dependent manner. The existing link between maternal diet, intestinal makers and neonatal gut microbiota would be mainly influenced by the intake of saturated (SFA) and monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA). Members of Firmicutes in the neonatal microbiota were positively associated with maternal fat intake, especially SFA and MUFA, and negatively correlated to fibre, proteins from vegetable sources and vitamins.
Conclusions
Maternal diet during pregnancy, mainly fat intake (SFA and MUFA), was related to intestinal markers, thus likely shifting the microbial transmission to the neonate and priming the neonatal microbial profile with potential health outcomes.
Clinical trial registry
NCT03552939
Human milk oligosaccharide (HMO) composition varies among lactating mothers and changes during the course of lactation period. Interindividual variation is largely driven by fucosyltransferase (FUT2 ...and FUT3) polymorphisms resulting in 4 distinct milk groups. Little is known regarding whether maternal physiological status contributes to HMO variability. We characterized the trajectories of 20 major HMOs and explored whether maternal pre-pregnancy body mass index (ppBMI), mode of delivery, or parity may affect milk HMO composition. Using longitudinal breastmilk samples from healthy mothers (n = 290) across 7 European countries, we characterized HMO composion and employed mixed linear models to explore associations of maternal characteristics with individual HMOs. We observed HMO-specific temporal trajectories and milk group dependencies. We observed relatively small but significant differences in HMO concentrations based on maternal ppBMI, mode of delivery and parity. Our findings suggest that HMO composition to be regulated time-dependently by an enzyme as well as substrate availability and that ppBMI, mode of delivery, and parity may influence maternal physiology to affect glycosylation marginally within the initital period of lactation. Our observational study is the largest European standardized and longitudinal (up to 4 months) milk collection study assessing HMO concentrations and basic maternal characteristics. Time of lactation and milk groups had the biggest impact on HMO variation. Future studies need to elucidate these observations and assess the physiological significance for the breastfed infant.
We describe a likelihood analysis using MasterCode of variants of the MSSM in which the soft supersymmetry-breaking parameters are assumed to have universal values at some scale
M
in
below the ...supersymmetric grand unification scale
M
GUT
, as can occur in mirage mediation and other models. In addition to
M
in
, such ‘sub-GUT’ models have the 4 parameters of the CMSSM, namely a common gaugino mass
m
1
/
2
, a common soft supersymmetry-breaking scalar mass
m
0
, a common trilinear mixing parameter
A
and the ratio of MSSM Higgs vevs
tan
β
, assuming that the Higgs mixing parameter
μ
>
0
. We take into account constraints on strongly- and electroweakly-interacting sparticles from
∼
36
/fb of LHC data at 13 TeV and the LUX and 2017 PICO, XENON1T and PandaX-II searches for dark matter scattering, in addition to the previous LHC and dark matter constraints as well as full sets of flavour and electroweak constraints. We find a preference for
M
in
∼
10
5
to
10
9
GeV
, with
M
in
∼
M
GUT
disfavoured by
Δ
χ
2
∼
3
due to the
BR
(
B
s
,
d
→
μ
+
μ
-
)
constraint. The lower limits on strongly-interacting sparticles are largely determined by LHC searches, and similar to those in the CMSSM. We find a preference for the LSP to be a Bino or Higgsino with
m
χ
~
1
0
∼
1
TeV
, with annihilation via heavy Higgs bosons
H
/
A
and stop coannihilation, or chargino coannihilation, bringing the cold dark matter density into the cosmological range. We find that spin-independent dark matter scattering is likely to be within reach of the planned LUX-Zeplin and XENONnT experiments. We probe the impact of the
(
g
-
2
)
μ
constraint, finding similar results whether or not it is included.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
The relationship between human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) and infant growth and adiposity is not fully understood and comprehensive studies are missing from the current literature.
We screened and ...recruited 370 healthy, pregnant women and their infants from seven European countries. Breastmilk samples were collected using standardized procedures at six time points over 4 months, as were infant parameters. Correlations and associations between HMO area under the curve, anthropometric data, and fat mass at 4 months were tested.
Lacto-N-neotetraose had a negative correlation with the change in length (rs = -0.18, P = 0.02). Sialyllacto-N-tetraose c (LSTc) had a positive correlation with weight for length (rs = 0.19, P = 0.015). Infants at the 25th upper percentile were fed milk higher in 3'-sialyllactose and LSTc (P = 0.017 and P = 0.006, respectively) compared to the lower 25th percentile of the weight-for-length z-score gain over 4 months of lactation. No significant associations between growth and body composition and Lewis or secretor-dependent HMOs like 2'-fucosyllactose were identified.
Changes in the HMO composition of breastmilk during the first 4 months appear to have little influence on infant growth and body composition in this cohort of healthy mothers and infants.
Modest associations exist between individual HMO and infant growth outcomes at least in healthy growing populations. Our study provides a comprehensive investigation of associations between all major HMO and infant growth and adiposity including several time points. Certain groups of HMOs, like the sialylated, may be associated with adiposity during the first months of lactation. HMO may modulate the risk of future metabolic disease. Future population studies need to address the role of specific groups of HMOs in the context of health and disease to understand the long-term impact.
Oral Diseases (2010) 16, 257–262
Objective: To analyse the influence of several prenatal and neonatal risk factors in the development of enamel defects in low birth weight children.
Subjects and ...methods: Children between 4 and 5 years of age (n = 102) were classified into: Group 1) 52 low birth weight (<2500 g); Group 2) 50 normal birth weight (≥2500 g). Medical history, prenatal and neonatal variables were collected. Enamel defects were evaluated with the modified Developmental Defects of Enamel Index.
Results: The prevalence of hypoplasia and average number of affected teeth were significantly higher in group 1 than in group 2 (59.6%vs 16% and 1.6 vs 0.3 respectively). Low gestational age was linked to a higher prevalence of hypoplastic (P = 0.027) and combined defects (P = 0.001). Children with neonatal risk factors (low Apgar scores, parenteral nutrition, orotracheal intubation, mechanical ventilation and acidosis) developed defects more frequently (P < 0.05). Defects were symmetrically distributed in children who were not intubated; in those who required intubation they concentrated on the left maxillary teeth (P < 0.05). Smoking during pregnancy, young maternal age and multiple birth were significantly associated to developmental defects.
Conclusions: The prevalence of enamel defects in primary dentition is significantly influenced by birth weight, gestational age and several systemic factors. Orotracheal intubation probably plays an important role as a result of laryngoscope trauma on the maxilla.
We report the results of a global analysis of dark matter simplified models (DMSMs) with leptophobic mediator particles of spin one, considering the cases of both vector and axial-vector interactions ...with dark matter (DM) particles and quarks. We require the DMSMs to provide all the cosmological DM density indicated by Planck and other observations, and we impose the upper limits on spin-independent and -dependent scattering from direct DM search experiments. We also impose all relevant LHC constraints from searches for monojet events and measurements of the dijet mass spectrum. We model the likelihood functions for all the constraints and combine them within the MasterCode framework, and probe the full DMSM parameter spaces by scanning over the mediator and DM masses and couplings, not fixing any of the model parameters. We find, in general, two allowed regions of the parameter spaces: one in which the mediator couplings to Standard Model (SM) and DM particles may be comparable to those in the SM and the cosmological DM density is reached via resonant annihilation, and one in which the mediator couplings to quarks are
≲
10
-
3
and DM annihilation is non-resonant. We find that the DM and mediator masses may well lie within the ranges accessible to LHC experiments. We also present predictions for spin-independent and -dependent DM scattering, and present specific results for ranges of the DM couplings that may be favoured in ultraviolet completions of the DMSMs.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Early microbial colonization triggers processes that result in intestinal maturation and immune priming. Perinatal factors, especially those associated with birth, including both mode and place of ...delivery are critical to shaping the infant gut microbiota with potential health consequences.
Gut microbiota profile of 180 healthy infants (n = 23 born at home and n = 157 born in hospital, 41.7% via cesarean section CS) was analyzed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing at birth, 7 days, and 1 month of life. Breastfeeding habits and infant clinical data, including length, weight, and antibiotic exposure, were collected up to 18 months of life. Long-term personalized in vitro models of the intestinal epithelium and innate immune system were used to assess the link between gut microbiota composition, intestinal function, and immune response.
Microbiota profiles were shaped by the place and mode of delivery, and they had a distinct biological impact on the immune response and intestinal function in epithelial/immune cell models. Bacteroidetes and Bifidobacterium genus were decreased in C-section infants, who showed higher z-scores BMI and W/L during the first 18 months of life. Intestinal simulated epithelium had a stronger epithelial barrier function and intestinal maturation, alongside a higher immunological response (TLR4 route activation and pro-inflammatory cytokine release), when exposed to home-birth fecal supernatants, compared with CS. Distinct host response could be associated with different microbiota profiles.
Mode and place of birth influence the neonatal gut microbiota, likely shaping its interplay with the host through the maturation of the intestinal epithelium, regulation of the intestinal epithelial barrier, and control of the innate immune system during early life, which can affect the phenotypic responses linked to metabolic processes in infants.
NCT03552939 . Video Abstract.
Likelihood analysis of the minimal AMSB model Bagnaschi, E.; Borsato, M.; Sakurai, K. ...
The European physical journal. C, Particles and fields,
04/2017, Letnik:
77, Številka:
4
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
We perform a likelihood analysis of the minimal anomaly-mediated supersymmetry-breaking (mAMSB) model using constraints from cosmology and accelerator experiments. We find that either a wino-like or ...a Higgsino-like neutralino LSP,
χ
~
1
0
, may provide the cold dark matter (DM), both with similar likelihoods. The upper limit on the DM density from Planck and other experiments enforces
m
χ
~
1
0
≲
3
TeV
after the inclusion of Sommerfeld enhancement in its annihilations. If most of the cold DM density is provided by the
χ
~
1
0
, the measured value of the Higgs mass favours a limited range of
tan
β
∼
5
(and also for
tan
β
∼
45
if
μ
>
0
) but the scalar mass
m
0
is poorly constrained. In the wino-LSP case,
m
3
/
2
is constrained to about
900
TeV
and
m
χ
~
1
0
to
2.9
±
0.1
TeV
, whereas in the Higgsino-LSP case
m
3
/
2
has just a lower limit
≳
650
TeV
(
≳
480
TeV
) and
m
χ
~
1
0
is constrained to
1.12
(
1.13
)
±
0.02
TeV
in the
μ
>
0
(
μ
<
0
) scenario. In neither case can the anomalous magnetic moment of the muon,
(
g
-
2
)
μ
, be improved significantly relative to its Standard Model (SM) value, nor do flavour measurements constrain the model significantly, and there are poor prospects for discovering supersymmetric particles at the LHC, though there are some prospects for direct DM detection. On the other hand, if the
χ
~
1
0
contributes only a fraction of the cold DM density, future LHC
-based searches for gluinos, squarks and heavier chargino and neutralino states as well as disappearing track searches in the wino-like LSP region will be relevant, and interference effects enable
BR
(
B
s
,
d
→
μ
+
μ
-
)
to agree with the data better than in the SM in the case of wino-like DM with
μ
>
0
.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
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