La prospectiva es un enfoque de la planeación que ofrece alternativas futuras de hechos a través de escenarios, considerando aspectos que influyen en el comportamiento del fenómeno estudiado. Por ...tanto, es útil para el diseño de estrategias de acciones fundamentadas en la proactividad y en modelos teóricos, para revertir costos socio-territoriales. El presente trabajo presenta tres alternativas de futuro sobre requerimientos de suelo para uso agrícola, vivienda y área verde, sustentados en la fragmentación territorial; la cual ha propiciado un crecimiento desproporcionado de los tres sectores productivos, principalmente en la declinación de las actividades del sector primario y la creación de espacios grises. El primer escenario es el catastrófico, que evidencia que la disponibilidad de tierra se verá afectada dentro de 20 años. El segundo escenario es el tendencia! y proyecta que en 30 años habrá déficit de suelo para los usos agrícola, vivienda y área verde; y el tercer escenario es el deseable y factible, que pospone el déficit de suelo a 60 años. Ante estos comportamientos prospectivos, se reconsidera el conocimiento tradicional proactivamente para la práctica de la agroforestería y la conservación de la agrobiodiversidad, para revertir los costos socio-territoriales que implica el bienestar social y económico de las familias campesinas.
El análisis de vulnerabilidad del litoral costero, suelos, aguas subterráneas y vegetación, así como de la evaluación del grado de riesgo de alteración de los sistemas naturales en la región norte de ...La Chontalpa, Tabasco; como resultado un conjunto de situaciones adversas, no solo para la estructura y funcionamiento natural de la región de estudio, sino también para la población y la productividad agrícola locales. Objetivo: Determinar las condiciones actuales de los sistemas litológicos, hidrológicos y geohidrológicos de la región norte de la Chontalpa comprendida entre los deltas de los ríos Coatzacoalcos y Mezcalapa. Así como las afectaciones relacionadas en la población de dichos sistemas. Metodología: Se realizaron 206 sondeos geofísicos de tipo eléctrico verticales y 30 sondeos magnéticos hasta 250 m de profundidad. Perforación de 1440 metros del subsuelo repartidos en 22 pozos con recuperación de sedimentos y muestreo de agua para análisis fisicoquímico. Muestreo de agua en 308 puntos en las lagunas de La Palma, Del Carmen, Pajonal y La Machona para análisis fisicoquímico. Resultados: Se observa un gran fallamiento en la región que divide a ambos deltas, así como fallamientos más pequeños en las regiones noreste y noroeste de la Chontalpa. La composición de los estratos geológicos en ambos deltas se caracteriza por la presencia de arcillas y limos que conforman su estructura general rodeados de arenas finas y medias como la composición principal de ambos deltas, con arenas medias en la zona colindante entre ambos. La extensión y distribución de la intrusión marina presente en la zona, abarca varios cientos de kilómetros cuadrados, llegando en línea recta hasta 22 km tierra adentro. Micronutrientes presentes en los acuíferos como el Al, Fe, y Mn presentan niveles de concentración de hasta 1.67 mg/L, 4.84 mg/L y 5.33 mg/L respectivamente. Conclusiones: El fenómeno de la subsidencia presente en esta región de la Chontalpa causado principalmente por el desequilibrio hídrico de origen antropogénico, tiene como principal consecuencia la pérdida del litoral costero, registrándose pérdidas relativamente recientes de más de 1.5 km en unos cuantos años y hasta 10 km desde la intervención humana en siglos recientes. La intrusión salina afecta mayormente a la zona central de la región la cual imposibilita el uso de agua para las actividades productivas agrícolas, pecuarias y de uso humano. Tanto como por la alta concentración de salinidad y sodicidad así como las altas concentraciones de micronutrientes. El eje sobre el que se sitúan los elementos relevantes de vulnerabilidad y riesgo, es el manejo hidrológico, al que cabe agregar la actividad de extracción de petróleo con la consecuente modificación de la situación geológica. La dinámica a través del tiempo establecida por el estudio define tendencias desde mediados del siglo antepasado, para el caso del agua, y desde los años setentas del siglo pasado en el caso del petróleo, que se orientan a un agravamiento de la situación, lo que conduce a la intrínseca necesidad de determinar medidas y procedimientos para prevenir, mitigar, detener y revertir las alteraciones en los sistemas naturales producto del manejo regional de los recursos. Identificar con precisión técnica las causas de las alteraciones a la vez que abordar el manejo social de las soluciones acertadas es el reto para evitar un mayor costo socioeconómico y ambiental, e incluso no llegar a condiciones irreversibles en el daño a los recursos y potencial de producción, ni de afectación a la salud humana.
Toward an enhanced modular operating room Garcia-Martinez, A.; Mora, Roberto; Juan, Carlos G. ...
2016 6th IEEE International Conference on Biomedical Robotics and Biomechatronics (BioRob),
06/2016
Conference Proceeding, Journal Article
This paper describes the design and integration of miniature wired robots into a modular and intelligent operation room focused on performing single-incision laparoscopic surgery. These devices were ...designed to be moved by a robotic arm. Its position was tracked by a tracking camera which consisted of camera and light miniature robots, having the former a stepper motor in order to provide a tilt turn. Some experiments were conducted in order to test the integration of these devices into the system.
Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) are being increasingly used in cell-based therapies due to their broad anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties. Intravascularly-administered MSCs do ...not efficiently migrate to sites of inflammation/immunopathology, but this shortfall has been overcome by cell surface enzymatic fucosylation to engender expression of the potent E-selectin ligand HCELL. In applications of cell-based therapies, cryopreservation enables stability in both storage and transport of the produced cells from the manufacturing facility to the point of care. However, it has been reported that cryopreservation and thawing dampens their immunomodulatory/anti-inflammatory activity even after a reactivation/reconditioning step. To address this issue, we employed a variety of methods to cryopreserve and thaw fucosylated human MSCs derived from either bone marrow or adipose tissue sources. We then evaluated their immunosuppressive properties, cell viability, morphology, proliferation kinetics, immunophenotype, senescence, and osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation. Our studies provide new insights into the immunobiology of cryopreserved and thawed MSCs and offer a readily applicable approach to optimize the use of fucosylated human allogeneic MSCs as immunomodulatory/anti-inflammatory therapeutics.
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a syndrome of sudden renal excretory dysfunction with severe health consequences. AKI etiology influences prognosis, with pre-renal showing a more favorable evolution ...than intrinsic AKI. Because the international diagnostic criteria (i.e., based on plasma creatinine) provide no etiological distinction, anamnestic and additional biochemical criteria complement AKI diagnosis. Traditional, etiology-defining biochemical parameters, including the fractional excretion of sodium, the urinary-to-plasma creatinine ratio and the renal failure index are individually limited by confounding factors such as diuretics. To minimize distortion, we generated a composite biochemical criterion based on the congruency of at least two of the three biochemical ratios. Patients showing at least two ratios indicative of intrinsic AKI were classified within this category, and those with at least two pre-renal ratios were considered as pre-renal AKI patients. In this study, we demonstrate that the identification of intrinsic AKI by a collection of urinary injury biomarkers reflective of tubular damage, including NGAL and KIM-1, more closely and robustly coincide with the biochemical than with the anamnestic classification. Because there is no gold standard method for the etiological classification of AKI, the mutual reinforcement provided by the biochemical criterion and urinary biomarkers supports an etiological diagnosis based on objective diagnostic parameters.
We investigate a sample of 6 Herbig Ae/Be stars belonging to the Orion OB1 association, as well as 73 low mass objects, members of the \(\sigma\) Orionis cluster, in order to explore the angular ...momentum evolution at early stages of evolution, and its possible connection with main-sequence Ap/Bp magnetic stars. Using FIES and HECTOCHELLE spectra, we obtain projected rotational velocities through two independent methods. Individual masses, radii, and ages were computed using evolutionary models, distance, and cluster extinction. Under the assumption that similar physical processes operate in both, T Tauri and Herbig Ae/Be stars, we construct snapshots of the protostar's rotation against mass during the first 10 Myr with the aid of a rotational model that includes a variable disc lifetime, changes in the stellar moment of inertia, a dipolar magnetic field with variable strength, and angular momentum loss through stellar winds powered by accretion. We use these snapshots, as well as the rotational data, to infer a plausible scenario for the angular momentum evolution. We find that magnetic field strengths of a few k\(G\) at 3 Myr are required to match the rotational velocities of both groups of stars. Models with masses between 2-3 \(M_{\odot}\) display larger angular momentum by a factor of \(\sim 3\), in comparison to stars of similar spectral types on the main-sequence. Even though some quantitative estimates on this dramatic decrease with age, for Ap/Bp magnetic main-sequence stars are presented, the results obtained for the angular momentum evolution do not explain their low rotation.
AIM： To analyse the role of two common polymorphisms in genes coding for histamine metabolising enzymes as it relates to the risk to develop ulcerative colitis （UC） and the clinical course of these ...patients.
METHODS： A cohort of 229 unrelated patients with UC recruited from a single centre and 261 healthy volunteers were analysed for the presence of Thr105Ile and His645Asp amino acid substitutions at histamine N-methyltransferase （HNMT） and diamine oxidase （ABP1） enzymes, respectively, by amplification-restriction procedures. All patients were phenotyped and followed up for at least 2 years （mean time 11 years）.
RESULTS： There were no significant differences in the distribution of ABP1 alleles between ulcerative colitis patients and healthy individuals OR （95% CI） for variant alleles = 1.22 （0.91-1.61）. However, mutated ABP1 alleles were present with higher frequency among the 58 patients that required immunosuppresive drugs OR （95 % CI） for carriers of mutated alleles 2.41 （1.21-4.83; P=0.006）, with a significant gene-dose effect （P= 0.0038）. In agreement with the predominant role of ABP1 versus HNMT on local histamine metabolism in human bowel, the frequencies for carriers of HNMT genotypes or mutated alleles were similar among patients,regardless clinical evolution, and control individuals. CONCLUSION： The His645Asp polymorphism of the histamine metabolising enzyme ABP1 is related to severity of ulcerative colitis.
The resolution of fluorescence microscopy images is limited by the physical properties of light. In the last decade, numerous super-resolution microscopy (SRM) approaches have been proposed to deal ...with such hindrance. Here we present Mean-Shift Super Resolution (MSSR), a new SRM algorithm based on the Mean Shift theory, which extends spatial resolution of single fluorescence images beyond the diffraction limit of light. MSSR works on low and high fluorophore densities, is not limited by the architecture of the optical setup and is applicable to single images as well as temporal series. The theoretical limit of spatial resolution, based on optimized real-world imaging conditions and analysis of temporal image stacks, has been measured to be 40 nm. Furthermore, MSSR has denoising capabilities that outperform other SRM approaches. Along with its wide accessibility, MSSR is a powerful, flexible, and generic tool for multidimensional and live cell imaging applications.
All metazoans depend on the consumption of O
by the mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation system (OXPHOS) to produce energy. In addition, the OXPHOS uses O
to produce reactive oxygen species that ...can drive cell adaptations
, a phenomenon that occurs in hypoxia
and whose precise mechanism remains unknown. Ca
is the best known ion that acts as a second messenger
, yet the role ascribed to Na
is to serve as a mere mediator of membrane potential
. Here we show that Na
acts as a second messenger that regulates OXPHOS function and the production of reactive oxygen species by modulating the fluidity of the inner mitochondrial membrane. A conformational shift in mitochondrial complex I during acute hypoxia
drives acidification of the matrix and the release of free Ca
from calcium phosphate (CaP) precipitates. The concomitant activation of the mitochondrial Na
/Ca
exchanger promotes the import of Na
into the matrix. Na
interacts with phospholipids, reducing inner mitochondrial membrane fluidity and the mobility of free ubiquinone between complex II and complex III, but not inside supercomplexes. As a consequence, superoxide is produced at complex III. The inhibition of Na
import through the Na
/Ca
exchanger is sufficient to block this pathway, preventing adaptation to hypoxia. These results reveal that Na
controls OXPHOS function and redox signalling through an unexpected interaction with phospholipids, with profound consequences for cellular metabolism.
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