There is an increasing interest in the development of meat processed products enriched with antioxidant dietary fiber to augment the consumption of these health beneficial compounds. This study aimed ...to evaluate the nutritional, nutraceutical, and antioxidant potential, as well as the physicochemical properties of minced tilapia fillets (meat) gels with added amaranth seed or sprout flours (0%, 2%, 4%, 8%, and 10%
/
). Dietary fiber content was significantly increased with the addition of amaranth seed (1.25-1.75-fold) and sprout flours (1.99-3.21-fold). Tilapia gels with added 10% amaranth seed flour showed a high content of extractable dihydroxybenzoic acid and cinnamic acid, whereas the addition of 10% amaranth sprout flour provided a high and wide variety of bioactive compounds, mainly amaranthine and bound ferulic acid. The addition of amaranth seed and sprout flours increased hardness (1.01-1.73-fold) without affecting springiness, decreased luminosity (1.05-1.15-fold), and increased redness and yellowness. Therefore, amaranth seed and sprout flours could be used as functional ingredients for the development of fish products rich in bioactive compounds.
Whether short sleep duration or high sleep variability may predict less weight loss and reduction in measures of adiposity in response to lifestyle interventions is unknown. The aim of this study was ...to compare the 12-month changes in weight and adiposity measures between those participants with short or adequate sleep duration and those with low or high sleep variability (intra-subject standard deviation of the sleep duration) in PREvención con DIeta MEDiterránea (PREDIMED)-Plus, a primary prevention trial based on lifestyle intervention programs.
Prospective analysis of 1986 community-dwelling subjects (mean age 65 years, 47% females) with overweight/obesity and metabolic syndrome from the PREDIMED-Plus trial was conducted. Accelerometry-derived sleep duration and sleep variability and changes in average weight, body mass index (BMI), and waist circumference (WC) attained after 12-month interventions were analyzed.
The adjusted difference in 12-month changes in weight and BMI in participants in the third tertile of sleep variability was 0.5 kg (95% CI 0.1 to 0.9; p = 0.021) and 0.2 kg/m
(0.04 to 0.4; p = 0.015), respectively, as compared with participants in the first tertile. The adjusted difference in 12-month changes from baseline in WC was -0.8 cm (-1.5 to -0.01; p = 0.048) in participants sleeping <6 h, compared with those sleeping between 7 and 9 h.
Our findings suggest that the less variability in sleep duration or an adequate sleep duration the greater the success of the lifestyle interventions in adiposity.
Socioeconomic disparities and lifestyle factors are likely to determine the overall quality of the diet. In addition, overeating is compatible with inadequate micronutrient intake and it can lead to ...adverse health outcomes.
To assess adequacy of dietary nutrient intake and to investigate the influence of socioeconomic and lifestyle factors on nutrient density in a large primary cardiovascular prevention trial conducted in healthy participants with metabolic syndrome (MetS) to assess the cardiovascular effects of an energy-restricted Mediterranean diet (PREDIMED-Plus).
Baseline cross-sectional analysis of the PREDIMED-Plus trial with 6646 Spanish participants (aged 55–75 years in men and 60–75 years in women) with overweight/obesity and MetS. Energy and nutrient intake (for 10 nutrients) were calculated using a validated 143-item Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) and nutrient density was estimated dividing the absolute nutrient intake by total energy intake. The prevalence of inadequate intake was estimated according to dietary reference intakes. Multivariable linear regression models were fitted to examine associations between socioeconomic status or lifestyle factors and nutrient density.
A considerable proportion of the screened participants showed a deficient intake of vitamins A, D, E, B9, calcium, magnesium and dietary fibre. Inadequate intake of four or more of the ten nutrients considered was present in 17% of participants. A higher nutrient density was directly and significantly associated with female sex, higher educational level and a better adherence to the Mediterranean diet. Lifestyle factors such as non-smoking and avoidance of sedentary lifestyles were also independently associated with better nutrient density.
Patients with MetS, despite being overweight, exhibited suboptimal nutrient intake, especially among men. Low nutrient density diet can be largely explained by differences in socioeconomic and lifestyle factors. These results highlight the importance of focussing on nutritional education in vulnerable populations, taking into account nutrient requirements.
Operable triple-negative breast cancers (TNBCs) have a higher risk of relapse than non-TNBCs with standard therapy. The GEICAM/2003-11_CIBOMA/2004-01 trial explored extended adjuvant capecitabine ...after completion of standard chemotherapy in patients with early TNBC.
Eligible patients were those with operable, node-positive-or node negative with tumor 1 cm or greater-TNBC, with prior anthracycline- and/or taxane-containing chemotherapy. After central confirmation of TNBC status by immunohistochemistry, patients were randomly assigned to either capecitabine or observation. Stratification factors included institution, prior taxane-based therapy, involved axillary lymph nodes, and centrally determined phenotype (basal
nonbasal, according to cytokeratins 5/6 and/or epidermal growth factor receptor positivity by immunohistochemistry). The primary objective was to compare disease-free survival (DFS) between both arms.
Eight hundred seventy-six patients were randomly assigned to capecitabine (n = 448) or observation (n = 428). Median age was 49 years, 55.9% were lymph node negative, 73.9% had a basal phenotype, and 67.5% received previous anthracyclines plus taxanes. Median length of follow-up was 7.3 years. DFS was not significantly prolonged with capecitabine versus observation hazard ratio (HR), 0.82; 95% CI, 0.63 to 1.06;
= .136. In a preplanned subgroup analysis, nonbasal patients seemed to derive benefit from the addition of capecitabine with a DFS HR of 0.53 versus 0.94 in those with basal phenotype (interaction test
= .0694) and an HR for overall survival of 0.42 versus 1.23 in basal phenotype (interaction test
= .0052). Tolerance of capecitabine was as expected, with 75.2% of patients completing the planned 8 cycles.
This study failed to show a statistically significant increase in DFS by adding extended capecitabine to standard chemotherapy in patients with early TNBC. In a preplanned subset analysis, patients with nonbasal phenotype seemed to obtain benefit with capecitabine, although this will require additional validation.
As compared with the standard regimen, the combination of docetaxel, doxorubicin, and cyclophosphamide reduced the risk of recurrence of node-negative early-stage breast cancer, but it offered no ...survival advantage and was associated with significantly higher rates of toxicity.
The survival benefits of adjuvant chemotherapy for patients with early-stage breast cancer are well established. The 15-year survival results from the Early Breast Cancer Trialists' Collaborative Group (EBCTCG)
1
showed that a combined chemotherapy regimen of cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and fluorouracil (CMF) reduces annual recurrence and death rates, a benefit that is largely independent of tamoxifen use or nonuse, estrogen-receptor status, nodal status, and other tumor characteristics.
1
This meta-analysis also showed that anthracycline-based regimens offer an additional advantage over CMF.
More recent studies and several other meta-analyses of randomized trials have shown that adding a taxane to anthracycline-based adjuvant therapy reduces the . . .
Environmental thallium concentration has been increasing due to anthropogenic events making the development of Tl(I) adsorbents an area of interest for materials science researchers. This report ...proposes a new composite based on a Prussian Blue derivative and magnetite nanoparticles for thallium(I) removal. Additionally, extensively characterization by FTIR-ATR, TGA, XRD, TEM/SEM, XPS, BET, and Magnetization were performed. The Tl(I) removal capacity from simulated wastewater was evaluated as well as the influence of different experimental conditions. The maximum experimental sorption capacity was 117 mg of Tl(I) per gram of composite after 21 h of interaction. The Tl-loaded composite was recovered by means of magnet achieving a final Tl concentration in the medium 28 times lower than the permitted limit for wastewaters. The removal process is independent of the pH with slight interferences of typical ions contained in wastewaters of the mining industry. The sorbent is reusable with non-significative variations of the thallium sorption capacity allowing to recover 97% of removed thallium under KCl solution desorption treatment. Moreover, the magnetic composite showed potentialities for multiple metals adsorption, like Cu and Pb removal. The main mechanism involved in the separation of Tl(I) is a K–Tl ionic exchange described by a pseudo-second-order and intra-particle diffusion kinetics. Herein, a new sorbent material easy to prepare, low-cost, reusable and eco-friendly is presented for effective magnetic thallium removal and recovery from wastewaters.
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•Novel magnetic composite of Prussian Blue derivative and magnetite nanoparticles.•The experimental thallium(I) sorption capacity was 117 mg·per gram of adsorbent.•Tl(I) removal process is pH-independent with low interference from other cations.•The most likely mechanism of thallium adsorption from wastewater is ion-exchange.
Physical activity (PA) has been hypothesized to be effective to maintaining cognitive function and delay cognitive decline in the elderly, but physical fitness (PF) could be a better predictor of ...cognitive function. We aimed to study the association between PA and PF with cognitive function and quality of life using cross-sectional data from 6874 participants of the PREDIMED-Plus trial (64.9 ± 4.9 years, 48.5% female). PF and PA were measured with a Chair Stand Test, the REGICOR and Rapid Assessment Physical Activity questionnaires. Cognitive function was measured with Mini-mental State Examination, Control Oral Word Association Test, Trail Making Test and Digit Span tests; whereas health-related quality of life was assessed with the SF36-HRQL test. Cognitive and quality of life scores were compared among PF quartiles and PA levels (low, moderate and high) with ANCOVA and with Chair Stand repetitions and energy expenditure from total PA with multivariable linear regression adjusted for confounding factors. PF associated with higher scores in phonemic and semantic verbal fluency tests and with lower TMT A time. However, PA was not associated with the neurocognitive parameters evaluated. Both PF and PA levels were strongly associated with a better quality of life. We concluded that PF, but not PA, is associated with a better cognitive function. This trial was retrospectively registered at the International Standard Randomized Controlled Trial (ISRCTN89898870, https://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN89898870?q=ISRCTN89898870&filters=&sort=&offset=1&totalResults=1&page=1&pageSize=10&searchType=basic-search) on 07/24/2014.
Purpose
The possible effects of dairy consumption on diabetes prevention remain controversial. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between the dairy consumption and type 2 ...diabetes (T2D) risk in an elderly Mediterranean population at high cardiovascular risk.
Methods
We prospectively followed 3,454 non-diabetic individuals from the PREDIMED study. Dairy consumption was assessed at baseline and yearly using food frequency questionnaires and categorized into total, low-fat, whole-fat, and subgroups: milk, yogurt, cheeses, fermented dairy, concentrated full fat, and processed dairy. Hazard ratios (HRs) were calculated using Cox proportional hazards regression models.
Results
During a median follow-up of 4.1 years, we documented 270 incident T2D cases. After multivariate adjustment, total dairy product consumption was inversely associated with T2D risk 0.68 (95 % CI 0.47–0.98);
P
-trend = .040. This association appeared to be mainly attributed to low-fat dairy; the multivariate HRs (95 % CIs) comparing the highest versus the lowest tertile consumption were 0.65 (0.45–0.94) for low-fat dairy products and 0.67 (0.46–0.95) for low-fat milk (both
P
-trend <.05). Total yogurt consumption was associated with a lower T2D risk HR 0.60 (0.42–0.86);
P
-trend = .002. An increased consumption of total low-fat dairy and total yogurt during the follow-up was inversely associated with T2D; HRs were 0.50 (0.29–0.85), 0.44 (0.26–0.75), and 0.55 (0.33–0.93), respectively. Substituting one serving/day of a combination of biscuits and chocolate and whole grain biscuits and homemade pastries for one serving/day of yogurt was associated with a 40 and 45 % lower risk of T2D, respectively. No significant associations were found for the other dairy subgroups (cheese, concentrated full fat, and processed dairy products).
Conclusions
A healthy dietary pattern incorporating a high consumption of dairy products and particularly yogurt may be protective against T2D in older adults at high cardiovascular risk.
We report the first detection in the interstellar medium (ISM) of a C2H5O2N isomer: syn-glycolamide (NH2C(O)CH2OH). The exquisite sensitivity at sub-mK levels of an ultradeep spectral survey carried ...out with the Yebes 40 m and IRAM 30 m telescopes toward the G+0.693–0.027 molecular cloud has allowed us to unambiguously identify multiple transitions of this species. We derived a column density of (7.4 ± 0.7) × 1012 cm−2, which implies a molecular abundance with respect to H2 of 5.5 × 10−11. The other C2H5O2N isomers, including the higher-energy anti conformer of glycolamide and two conformers of glycine, were not detected. The upper limit derived for the abundance of glycine indicates that this amino acid is surely less abundant than its isomer glycolamide in the ISM. The abundances of the C2H5O2N isomers cannot be explained in terms of thermodynamic equilibrium; thus, chemical kinetics need to be invoked. While the low abundance of glycine might not be surprising, based on the relative low abundances of acids in the ISM compared to other compounds (e.g., alcohols, aldehydes, or amines), several chemical pathways can favor the formation of its isomer glycolamide. It can be formed through radical–radical reactions on the surface of dust grains. The abundances of these radicals can be significantly boosted in an environment affected by a strong ultraviolet field induced by cosmic rays, such as that expected in G+0.693–0.027. Therefore, as shown by several recent molecular detections toward this molecular cloud, it stands out as the best target to discover new species with carbon, oxygen, and nitrogen with increasing chemical complexity.
To examine associations between intake of simple sugars and cancer incidence, cancer mortality, and total mortality in a prospective cohort study based on the PREDIMED trial conducted from 2003 to ...2010.
Participants were older individuals at high cardiovascular risk. Exposures were total sugar, glucose and fructose from solid or liquid sources, and fructose from fruit and 100% fruit juice. Cancer incidence was the primary outcome; cancer mortality and all-cause mortality were secondary outcomes. Multivariable-adjusted, time-dependent Cox proportional hazard models were used.
Of 7447 individuals enrolled, 7056 (94.7%) were included (57.6% women, aged 67.0 ± 6.2 years). 534 incident cancers with 152 cancer deaths and 409 all-cause deaths were recorded after a median follow-up of 6 years. Intake of simple sugars in solid form was unrelated to outcomes. Higher cancer incidence was found per 5 g/day increase in intake of liquid sugars, with multivariable-adjusted HR of 1.08 (95% CI, 1.03–1.13) for total liquid sugar, 1.19 (95% CI, 1.07–1.31) for liquid glucose, 1.14 (95% CI, 1.05–1.23) for liquid fructose, and 1.39 (95% CI, 1.10–1.74) for fructose from fruit juice. Cancer and all-cause mortality increased to a similar extent with intake of all sugars in liquid form. In categorical models, cancer risk was dose-related for all liquid sugars.
Simple sugar intake in drinks and fruit juice was associated with an increased risk of overall cancer incidence and mortality and all-cause mortality. This suggests that sugary beverages are a modifiable risk factor for cancer and all-cause mortality.
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