The relative roles of high- versus low-latitude forcing of millennial-scale climate variability are still not well understood. Here we present terrestrial–marine climate profiles from the ...southwestern Iberian margin, a region particularly affected by precession, that show millennial climate oscillations related to a nonlinear response to the Earth's precession cycle during Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 19. MIS 19 has been considered the best analogue to our present interglacial from an astronomical point of view due to the reduced eccentricity centred at 785 ka. In our records, seven millennial-scale forest contractions punctuated MIS 19 superimposed to two orbitally-driven Mediterranean forest expansions. In contrast to our present interglacial, we evidence for the first time low latitude-driven 5000-yr cycles of drying and cooling in the western Mediterranean region, along with warmth in the subtropical gyre related to the fourth harmonic of precession. These cycles indicate repeated intensification of North Atlantic meridional moisture transport that along with decrease in boreal summer insolation triggered ice growth and may have contributed to the glacial inception, at ∼774 ka. The freshwater fluxes during MIS 19ab amplified the cooling events in the North Atlantic promoting further cooling and leading to MIS 18 glaciation. The discrepancy between the dominant cyclicity observed during MIS 1, 2500-yr, and that of MIS 19, 5000-yr, challenges the similar duration of the Holocene and MIS 19c interglacials under natural boundary conditions.
•MIS 19 is marked by 5000-yr cyclicity in the North Atlantic westerlies.•Low-latitude origin of this cyclicity is related to the fourth harmonic of precession.•This cyclicity leads to repeated air–sea thermal contrast during MIS 19c in Iberia.•This thermal decoupling enhanced moisture production leading to ice growth.•Different cyclicity of the Holocene and MIS 19c is challenging their similar duration.
Guinea pigs (Cavia spp.) have a long association with humans. From as early as 10,000 years ago they were a wild food source. Later, domesticated Cavia porcellus were dispersed well beyond their ...native range through pre-Columbian exchange networks and, more recently, widely across the globe. Here we present 46 complete mitogenomes of archaeological guinea pigs from sites in Peru, Bolivia, Colombia, the Caribbean, Belgium and the United States to elucidate their evolutionary history, origins and paths of dispersal. Our results indicate an independent centre of domestication of Cavia in the eastern Colombian Highlands. We identify a Peruvian origin for the initial introduction of domesticated guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus) beyond South America into the Caribbean. We also demonstrate that Peru was the probable source of the earliest known guinea pigs transported, as part of the exotic pet trade, to both Europe and the southeastern United States. Finally, we identify a modern reintroduction of guinea pigs to Puerto Rico, where local inhabitants use them for food. This research demonstrates that the natural and cultural history of guinea pigs is more complex than previously known and has implications for other studies regarding regional to global-scale studies of mammal domestication, translocation, and distribution.
In this trial involving infants at high risk for celiac disease, the introduction of gluten at 4 months of age, as compared with delayed exposure to gluten until 6 months of age, did not reduce the ...risk of celiac disease at 3 years of age.
Celiac disease, an immune-mediated systemic disorder elicited by gluten in genetically susceptible persons, is characterized by anti–transglutaminase type 2 antibodies (TG2A) and enteropathy.
1
The prevalence of celiac disease is 1 to 3% in the general population and approximately 10% among first-degree family members of patients with celiac disease.
2
–
10
Celiac disease is treated with a gluten-free diet. More than 95% of patients have the HLA-DQ2 heterodimer, either in the
cis
or
trans
configuration. Most of the remaining patients have the HLA-DQ8 heterodimer or half of the HLA-DQ2 heterodimer (DQB1*02).
1
,
8
,
11
–
14
However, more than 25% of the general population . . .
Late Quaternary volcanic basins are active landscapes from which detailed archives of past climate and seismic and volcanic activity can be obtained. A multidisciplinary study performed on a transect ...of sediment cores was used to reconstruct the depositional evolution of the high-elevation Laguna del Maule (LdM) (36∘ S, 2180 m a.s.l., Chilean Andes). The recovered 5 m composite sediment sequence includes two thick turbidite units (LT1 and LT2) and numerous tephra layers (23 ash and 6 lapilli). We produced an age model based on nine new 14C AMS dates, existing 210Pb and 137Cs data, and the Quizapú ash horizon (1932 CE). According to this age model, the relatively drier Early Holocene was followed by a phase of increased productivity during the mid-Holocene and higher lake levels after 4.0 ka cal BP. Major hydroclimate transitions occurred at ca. 11, 8.0, 4.0 and 0.5 ka cal BP. Decreased summer insolation and winter precipitation due to a southward shift in the southern westerly winds and a strengthened Pacific Subtropical High could explain Early Holocene lower lake levels. Increased biological productivity during the mid-Holocene (∼8.0 to 6.0 ka cal BP) is coeval with a warm–dry phase described for much of southern South America. Periods of higher lake productivity are synchronous to a higher frequency of volcanic events. During the Late Holocene, the tephra layers show compositional changes suggesting a transition from silica-rich to silica-poor magmas at around 4.0 ka cal BP. This transition was synchronous with increased variability of sedimentary facies and geochemical proxies, indicating higher lake levels and increased moisture at LdM after 4.0 ka cal BP, most likely caused by the inception of current El Niño–Southern Oscillation and Pacific Decadal Oscillation (ENSO–PDO) dynamics in central Chile.
There is a need for consensus on the recommendations for follow‐up of children and adolescents with celiac disease.
Objectives:
To gather the current evidence and to offer recommendations for ...follow‐up and management.
Methods:
The Special Interest Group on Celiac Diseases of the European Society of Paediatric Gastroenterology Hepatology and Nutrition formulated ten questions considered to be essential for follow‐up care. A literature search (January 2010–March 2020) was performed in PubMed or Medline. Relevant publications were identified and potentially eligible studies were assessed. Statements and recommendations were developed and discussed by all coauthors. Recommendations were voted upon: joint agreement was set as at least 85%.
Results:
Publications (n = 2775) were identified and 164 were included. Using evidence or expert opinion, 37 recommendations were formulated on: The need to perform follow‐up, its frequency and what should be assessed, how to assess adherence to the gluten‐free diet, when to expect catch‐up growth, how to treat anemia, how to approach persistent high serum levels of antibodies against tissue‐transglutaminase, the indication to perform biopsies, assessment of quality of life, management of children with unclear diagnosis for which a gluten‐challenge is indicated, children with associated type 1 diabetes or IgA deficiency, cases of potential celiac disease, which professionals should perform follow‐up, how to improve the communication to patients and their parents/caregivers and transition from pediatric to adult health care.
Conclusions:
We offer recommendations to improve follow‐up of children and adolescents with celiac disease and highlight gaps that should be investigated to further improve management.
Package W2CWM2C: Description, Features, and Applications Polanco-Martinez, Josue M.; Fernandez-Macho, F. Javier
Computing in science & engineering,
2014-Nov.-Dec., 2014-11-00, 20141101, Letnik:
16, Številka:
6
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
This article describes new graphical tools that help with the interpretation of wavelet correlation and cross-correlation analysis, in both bivariate and multivariate cases. The authors have created ...an R package called W2CWM2C with the following main functions: wavelet (cross) correlation and wavelet multiple (cross) correlation. To illustrate its strengths, they use data from several European Union stock market indices, comparing the new graphical output with the classical plots.
Transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) channels have been implicated in depression and anxiety. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antidepressant-like properties of the TRPV1 agonist ...capsaicin using the forced swimming test (FST) in rats. Capsaicin (0.001–0.25 mg/kg, i.p.) produced a reduction of immobility in the FST. A maximally effective dose of the tricyclic antidepressant amitriptyline (12 mg/kg) reduced immobility as well. Notably, doses of capsaicin (1 pg/kg, 1 ng/kg, and 0.001 mg/kg) that were ineffective when applied alone produced a significant decrease in immobility when combined with a subthreshold dose of amitriptyline (5 mg/kg). Rats treated with capsaicin (0.01 mg/kg) + amitriptyline (5 mg/kg) displayed less immobility than those treated with a maximally effective dose of amitriptyline. The non-pungent TRPV1 channel agonist palvanil (0.05–0.1 mg/kg, i.p.) also decreased immobility in the FST. Capsaicin (0.05 mg/kg) did not affect general locomotion in the open field test, nor performance in the elevated plus maze, or skeletal muscle contraction strength measured in vitro after the FST (at 0.25 mg/kg). Altogether, our results imply that low doses of capsaicin produce antidepressant-like effects, and enhance the effect of a subthreshold dose of amitriptyline in the FST.
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•Capsaicin induces antidepressant-like effects in the FST.•Amitriptyline enhances the antidepressant-like effects of Capsaicin in the FST.•The non-pungent TRPV1 agonist Palvanil, reduces immobility in the FST.•Capsaicin does not increase general locomotion.•Capsaicin does not have anxiolytic or anxiogenic effects.
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