Gamma-rays, the most energetic photons, carry information from the far reaches of extragalactic space with minimal interaction or loss of information. They bring messages about particle acceleration ...in environments so extreme they cannot be reproduced on earth for a closer look. Gamma-ray astrophysics is so complementary with collider work that particle physicists and astroparticle physicists are often one in the same. Gamma-ray instruments, especially the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope, have been pivotal in major multi-messenger discoveries over the past decade. There is presently a great deal of interest and scientific expertise available to push forward new technologies, to plan and build space- and ground-based gamma-ray facilities, and to build multi-messenger networks with gamma rays at their core. It is therefore concerning that before the community comes together for planning exercises again, much of that infrastructure could be lost to a lack of long-term planning for support of gamma-ray astrophysics. Gamma-rays with energies from the MeV to the EeV band are therefore central to multiwavelength and multi-messenger studies to everything from astroparticle physics with compact objects, to dark matter studies with diffuse large scale structure. These goals and new discoveries have generated a wave of new gamma-ray facility proposals and programs. This paper highlights new and proposed gamma-ray technologies and facilities that have each been designed to address specific needs in the measurement of extreme astrophysical sources that probe some of the most pressing questions in fundamental physics for the next decade. The proposed instrumentation would also address the priorities laid out in the recent Astro2020 Decadal Survey, a complementary study by the astrophysics community that provides opportunities also relevant to Snowmass.
Several microorganisms produce nosocomial infections (NIs), among which Pseudomonas aeruginosa stands out as an opportunist pathogen with the capacity to develop multiresistance to first-choice ...antibiotics. From 2007 to 2013, forty-six NIs produced by P. aeruginosa were detected at a pediatric tertiary care hospital in Mexico with a significant mortality rate (17.39%). All isolates (n = 58/46 patients) were characterized by evaluating their response to several antibiotics as panresistant (PDR), extensively resistant (XDR), multiresistant (MDR) or sensitive (S). In addition, all isolates were typified through multilocus sequencing of seven genes: acsA, aroE, guaA, mutL, nuoD, ppsA and trpE. Furthermore, to establish the genetic relationships among these isolates, we carried out a phylogenetic inference analysis using maximum likelihood to construct a phylogenetic network. To assess evolutionary parameters, recombination was evaluated using the PHI test, and the ratio of nonsynonymous to synonymous substitutions was determined. Two of the strains were PDR (ST1725); 42 were XDR; four were MDR; and ten were S. Twenty-one new sequence types were detected. Thirty-three strains exhibited novel sequence type ST1725. The ratio of nonsynonym to synonym substitutions was 1:1 considering all genes. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the genetic relationship of the PDR, XDR and MDR strains was mainly clonal; however, the PHI test and the phylogenetic network suggest that recombination events occurred to produce a non-clonal population. This study aimed not only to determine the genetic diversity of clinical P. aeruginosa but also to provide a warning regarding the identification and spreading of clone ST1725, its ability to cause outbreaks with high mortality rates, and to remain in the hospital environment for over seven years. These characteristics highlight the need to identify clonal outbreaks, especially where high resistance to most antibiotics is observed, and control measures are needed. This study also represents the first report of the PDR ST1725.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
System management of Lemna minor in aquaponics Camargo‐Castellanos, Juan Carlos; Flores‐García, Luis; Herrera‐Díaz, Israel Enrique ...
Aquaculture research,
February 2022, 2022-02-00, 20220201, Letnik:
53, Številka:
3
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
In farming, sustainability together with food safety is one of the main objectives to be achieved. Aquaponics is a technique that combines aquatic animals, such as fish, with the hydroponic ...production of plants that function as biological filters. The proper functioning of the system is based on the dynamic balance of the elements that make it up. Several studies confer aquatic macrophytes such as L. minor, great attributes, highlighting their use for feeding different species. Unfortunately, there is very little information on the system management of macrophytes in aquaponics. To determine the appropriate management parameters for the cultivation of L. minor integrated into the production of Oreochromis niloticus, in aquaponics, three experiments were carried out to evaluate the effect of the hydraulic retention time (HRT), the planting density, plant dissemination and the balance of nutrients in the systems. The results show that the highest biomass production and plant growth are achieved with high flow rates and short HRTs. Planting density has a direct effect on the behaviour of the plant. Regarding the balanced budget, between 7% and 8% of the nutrients (input in dry matter, N and P) are retained by L. minor, keeping the water quality within adequate limits for tilapia production.
Context
. With a mass exceeding several 10
4
M
⊙
and a rich and dense population of massive stars, supermassive young star clusters represent the most massive star-forming environment that is ...dominated by the feedback from massive stars and gravitational interactions among stars.
Aims
. In this paper we present the Extended Westerlund 1 and 2 Open Clusters Survey (EWOCS) project, which aims to investigate the influence of the starburst environment on the formation of stars and planets, and on the evolution of both low and high mass stars. The primary targets of this project are Westerlund 1 and 2, the closest supermassive star clusters to the Sun.
Methods
. The project is based primarily on recent observations conducted with the
Chandra
and JWST observatories. Specifically, the
Chandra
survey of Westerlund 1 consists of 36 new ACIS-I observations, nearly co-pointed, for a total exposure time of 1 Msec. Additionally, we included 8 archival
Chandra/
ACIS-S observations. This paper presents the resulting catalog of X-ray sources within and around Westerlund 1. Sources were detected by combining various existing methods, and photon extraction and source validation were carried out using the ACIS-Extract software.
Results
. The EWOCS X-ray catalog comprises 5963 validated sources out of the 9420 initially provided to ACIS-Extract, reaching a photon flux threshold of approximately 2 × 10
−8
photons cm
−2
s
−1
. The X-ray sources exhibit a highly concentrated spatial distribution, with 1075 sources located within the central 1 arcmin. We have successfully detected X-ray emissions from 126 out of the 166 known massive stars of the cluster, and we have collected over 71 000 photons from the magnetar CXO J164710.20-455217.
Background: Despite the advances in treating adult Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL), relapses are among the most significant challenges to improving the prognosis. One of the tools that can predict ...bone marrow relapse, according to its positivity, is Measurable Residual Disease (MRD). Unfortunately, due to the high cost, access to innovative therapies is limited, so chemotherapy remains the most common treatment option. The combination of Bortezomib with Hyper-CVAD has already shown efficacy in patients with Multiple Myeloma. However, in patients with ALL, it is not yet proven. Material and Methods: A prospective cohort was carried out in patients with ALL who presented an +MRD or relapse and received treatment based on the combination of Bortezomib and Hyper-CVAD in two reference centers in Mexico City. Results: 20 cases with positive MRD were analyzed; 60% (n=12) became negative after the combination, 30% (n=6) persisted with a positive result, and 10% (n=2) passed away. Of the 43 individuals with bone marrow relapse, 43.5% (n=10) achieved a second complete remission (2CR), 34.8% (n=6) were refractory, and 21.7% (n=5) passed away. To integrate a second complete remission, 20% (n=2) achieved it in < 4 cycles, while 50% (n=5) required four cycles of treatment (2 cycles A and two cycles B), and 30% (n=3) required six cycles. Conclusion: The combination of Bortezomib with the increased Hyper-CVAD scheme showed better results in making MRD negative, suggesting that this combination can be incorporated into first-line strategies. Keywords: Bortezomib; Chemotherapy; Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia; Relapse; Measurable Residual Disease.
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE—Vascular recurrence occurs in 11% of patients during the first year after ischemic stroke (IS) or transient ischemic attack. Clinical scores do not predict the whole vascular ...recurrence risk; therefore, we aimed to find genetic variants associated with recurrence that might improve the clinical predictive models in IS.
METHODS—We analyzed 256 polymorphisms from 115 candidate genes in 3 patient cohorts comprising 4482 IS or transient ischemic attack patients. The discovery cohort was prospectively recruited and included 1494 patients, 6.2% of them developed a new IS during the first year of follow-up. Replication analysis was performed in 2988 patients using SNPlex or HumanOmni1-Quad technology. We generated a predictive model using Cox regression (GRECOS score Genotyping Reurrence Risk of Stroke) and generated risk groups using a classification tree method.
RESULTS—The analyses revealed that rs1800801 in the MGP gene (hazard ratio, 1.33; P=9×10), a gene related to artery calcification, was associated with new IS during the first year of follow-up. This polymorphism was replicated in a Spanish cohort (n=1.305); however, it was not significantly associated in a North American cohort (n=1.683). The GRECOS score predicted new IS (P=3.2×10) and could classify patients, from low risk of stroke recurrence (1.9%) to high risk (12.6%). Moreover, the addition of genetic risk factors to the GRECOS score improves the prediction compared with previous Stroke Prognosis Instrument-II score (P=0.03).
CONCLUSIONS—The use of genetics could be useful to estimate vascular recurrence risk after IS. Genetic variability in the MGP gene was associated with vascular recurrence in the Spanish population.
Objective:
Wide interindividual variability exists in response to tissue plasminogen activator (t‐PA) treatment in the acute phase of ischemic stroke. We aimed to find genetic variations associated ...with hemorrhagic transformation (HT) and mortality rates after t‐PA. We then generated a clinical–genetic model for predicting t‐PA response.
Methods:
Our prospective study used SNPlex to genotype 140 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from 97 candidate genes in 3 patient cohorts. The cohorts included 1,172 patients who were treated with t‐PA; 20.9% of them developed HT as evaluated by systematic brain computed tomography scan, and 10.6% died. A predictive model was generated by logistic regression (LR). Functional studies included real time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, nephelometry, and Western blot for alpha‐2‐macroglobulin (A2M) and activated partial thromboplastin time measurement for coagulation factor XII (FXII).
Results:
Replication analysis revealed that the SNP rs669 (Val1000Ile) in A2M was associated with HT, and rs1801020 (−4C>T) of F12 was associated with in‐hospital death. The rs669 SNP withstood Bonferroni correction for HT (p < 3.57E−4). LR‐based scores predicted HT occurrence (p = 9.13E−15) and in‐hospital mortality (p = 8.7E−9) and were validated in an independent cohort. Val1000Ile modified A2M serum levels at baseline and after t‐PA infusion, but not mRNA expression or protein structure; −4C>T affected FXII activity both prior to and after t‐PA treatment.
Interpretation:
Two functional polymorphisms were consistently associated with t‐PA safety. Our validated LR‐based score predicts t‐PA safety in the Spanish population. ANN NEUROL 2012;72:716–729
Para fortalecer las competencias profesionales de los estudiantes en el TecNM campus Minatitlán, el presente artículo propone implementar técnicas de inteligencia artificial, que ayuden durante el ...proceso enseñanza-aprendizaje para adquirir habilidades que podrán desempeñar en su ámbito laboral, correspondiendo a su perfil de egreso como Ingenieros en Sistemas Computacionales, ante las exigencias de nuevas herramientas tecnológicas con tendencia al futuro.
Stroke is one of the most common causes of death and disability. Reperfusion therapies are the only treatment available during the acute phase of stroke. Due to recent clinical trials, these ...therapies may increase their frequency of use by extending the time-window administration, which may lead to an increase in complications such as hemorrhagic transformation, with parenchymal hematoma (PH) being the more severe subtype, associated with higher mortality and disability rates. Our aim was to find genetic risk factors associated with PH, as that could provide molecular targets/pathways for their prevention/treatment and study its genetic correlations to find traits sharing genetic background. We performed a GWAS and meta-analysis, following standard quality controls and association analysis (fastGWAS), adjusting age, NIHSS, and principal components. FUMA was used to annotate, prioritize, visualize, and interpret the meta-analysis results. The total number of patients in the meta-analysis was 2034 (216 cases and 1818 controls). We found rs79770152 having a genome-wide significant association (beta 0.09, p-value 3.90 × 10−8) located in the RP11-362K2.2:RP11-767I20.1 gene and a suggestive variant (rs13297983: beta 0.07, p-value 6.10 × 10−8) located in PCSK5 associated with PH occurrence. The genetic correlation showed a shared genetic background of PH with Alzheimer’s disease and white matter hyperintensities. In addition, genes containing the ten most significant associations have been related to aggregated amyloid-β, tau protein, white matter microstructure, inflammation, and matrix metalloproteinases.
Despite the benefits of tissue-type plasminogen activator treatment, some stroke patients experience adverse hemorrhagic transformations (HT). Plasma protein levels of MMP9 have been associated with ...HT occurrence. We aimed to analyze the association of the MMP9 gene with HT occurrence.
We analyzed the MMP9 gene in blood samples from 885 stroke patients treated with tissue-type plasminogen activator by tag-SNP, imputed SNP, direct sequencing, and RNA expression.
We did not observe any significant association between MMP9 genetic variations or MMP9 expression and HT occurrence. Moreover, no association was found between MMP9 expression and MMP9 polymorphisms.
Genetic variations in the MMP9 gene are not associated with HT occurrence in tissue-type plasminogen activator-treated patients.
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