Canine respiratory coronavirus is a relatively new addition to the list of pathogens causing canine infectious disease complex. The virus is highly contagious, with a high prevalence in the dog ...population worldwide, especially in shelters. This study aimed to establish the presence and risk factors associated with infection in privately owned dogs and breeding colonies. This study was the first to demonstrate the presence of canine respiratory coronavirus in Croatia. Out of the 257 serum samples, 35.03% of dogs from breeding kennels and 43% of pet dogs tested enzyme-linked immunoassay positive, but the difference was not statistically significant. Sex was not an important risk factor, but the seropositivity rate increased with age. Mixing of dogs during hunting, training and dog shows was not associated with a higher seroprevalence in the breeding colonies. Daily cleaning and disinfection showed little effect on the infection spread. The study was done on a limited sample. However, it still provides evidence that the epizootiology of this disease is complex. There is no available vaccine for canine respiratory coronavirus, and further studies on environmental and risk factors will give the valuable data needed to prevent this disease. Keywords: canine respiratory coronavirus; seroprevalence; breeding colonies; ELISA; Croatia Pseci respiratorni koronavirus nedavno je dodan na listu patogena koji uzrokuju zarazni kašalj legla. Zbog svoje izrazite kontagioznosti proširio se diljem svijeta, a osobito je cest u pasa u skloništima za nezbrinute životinje. Osnovni je cilj ovog istraživanja bio ispitati proširenost infekcije u pasa u privatnom vlasništvu i uzgajivacnicama te ustanoviti cimbenike rizika koji pogoduju infekciji. Ovo je bilo prvo istraživanje koje je dokazalo prisutnost pseceg respiratornog koronavirusa u Hrvatskoj. Od 257 pretraženih uzoraka seruma 35,03% uzoraka pasa privatnih vlasnika i 43% uzoraka pasa iz uzgajivacnica dalo je pozitivan rezultat imunoenzimnog testa. Važno je napomenuti da razlika u seroprevalenciji izmedu ovih dviju populacije nije bila statisticki znakovita. Spol takoder nije bio znakovit cimbenik rizika, ali je seroprevalencija rasla s porastom dobi životinja. Miješanje životinja iz razlicitih uzgoja, prilikom lova, dresure ili izložbi pasa, nije dovelo do porasta seroprevalencije u uzgajivacnicama. Ni provodenje dnevne dezinfekcije nije znakovito utjecalo na seroprevalenciju. Ovo je istraživanje provedeno na ogranicenom broju uzoraka, ali ipak dokazuje složenost epizootiologije infekcije psecim respiratornim koronavirusom. Kako cjepivo još uvijek nije dostupno, dodatna istraživanja cimbenika okoliša i domacina, važnih za epizootiologiju ove bolesti, dat ce važne podatke nužne za provodenje mjera prevencije. Kljucne rijeci: pseci respiratorni koronavirus; seroprevalencija; uzgajivacnice; ELISA; Hrvatska
This study was performed on 29 domestic cats with a variety of clinical signs, possibly related to FIV infection. Blood samples were tested by a rapid immunochromatographic (ICA) procedure for ...detection of FIV antibodies. Subsequently, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed to amplify a portion of the proviral gag gene. All 11 positive PCR products were sequenced and compared with previously reported FIV sequences. Croatian proviral isolates that could be amplified were clustered within subtype B, and additional heterogeneity was confirmed by the formation of three separate clusters. Phylogenetic analysis of circulating strains in Croatia and in southeast Europe is necessary to improve diagnostic methods and selection of the appropriate vaccinal strains.
Mikročipiranje se pokazalo najkorisnijom metodom označavanja životinja u veterinarskoj medicini i stočarstvu. Zbog visoke učinkovitosti i jednostavne primjene vrlo brzo je doseglo globalne razmjere. ...U Republici Hrvatskoj mikročipiranje smiju obavljati samo ovlašteni veterinari koji su dužni slijediti zakonski propisane upute o načinu implantacije. Mikročip je pasivan uređaj i svojom prisutnošću ne šteti organizmu. Od početka njegove uporabe kao uređaja za označavanje životinja, prijavljeno je svega nekoliko slučajeva nuspojava i istraživanja u svrhu proučavanja njegove biokompatibilnosti s organizmom. Među najčešćim neželjenim učincima spominju se pretjerane reakcije organizma, tumori, pogrešna implantacija te migracija kao daleko najzastupljenija pojava. Iako su nuspojave moguće, današnjim napretkom tehnologije, usavršavanjima u području biokompatibilnosti te trajanju mikročipova, njihov rizik sveden je na minimum. Uz sve navedeno, odgovornost veterinara za pravilnu implantaciju ima znatnu ulogu u smanjivanju tog rizika.
Microchipping of animals has proven to be the most useful animal marking technique. Due to its high efficiency and easy application, it quickly reached a global scale. Microchipping in the Republic of Croatia may only be performed by authorized veterinarians who are obliged to abide by the legislation regulating implantation. The microchip is a passive device and its presence causes no harm to the animal. Since its common use as an animal marking technique, only a few studies have reported side effects. Most of the side effects are excessive body reactions, tumours, incorrect implantation and migration. Although side effects are possible, today’s technological advancements in the area of biocompatibility and duration of microchips have reduced the risk of side effects to a minimum. Additionally, the veterinarian’s responsibility for proper implantation also plays a role in reducing this risk.
Vezikularni stomatitis (VS) reemergentna je virusna zarazna bolest prije svega konja, goveda i svinja, ali i ovaca, koza, ljama i alpaka. Uzročnik bolesti je virus vezikularnog stomatitisa, arbovirus ...iz porodice Rhabdoviridae, u koju su uključeni različiti virusi kralježnjaka, beskralježnjaka i mnogih biljnih vrsta. Zbog nemogućnosti kliničkog razlikovanja od slinavke i šapa, vezikularni stomatitis u goveda i svinja iziskuje posebnu pozornost, iznimno kontagiozne zarazne bolesti papkara. Kliničkom slikom bolesti u konja i goveda dominira ptijalizam kao posljedica formiranja, a potom pucanja vezikula na dorzalnoj strani jezika, mekom nepcu, dentalnoj ploči i mukokutanom spoju usana. Lezije se nalaze i na krunskom djelu kopita, papaka, a u goveda i na sisama. Zbog erozija koje nastaju na mjestu rupturiranih vezikula bolesna životinja odbija hranu, a opiru se i mužnji. Za razliku od konja i goveda u kojih je obilno slinjenje, prvi simptom bolesti u svinja sje šepanje koje izazivaju lezije na krunskom djelu papaka. Bolest se unutar stada širi izravnim kontaktom, kontaminiranim predmetima, opremom i površinama, a veliku ulogu u širenju virusa VS imaju i insekti (komarci, pješčane muhe, mušice svrbljivice i komarčići), mehanički i/ili kao biološki vektori. Prevencija vezikularnog stomatitisa temelji se na izolaciji zaraženih stada, ograničenom kretanju primljivih životinja u zaraženom području, kontroli insekata (vektora) i uporabi cjepiva, dostupnih u nekim endemskim regijama Srednje i Južne Amerike. Povremena pojava infekcije u ljudi predstavlja određeno javno-zdravstveni problem. U ljudi bolest je blaga i slična je gripi te se smatra manje opasnom zoonozom.
Vesicular stomatitis (VS) is a re-emerging contagious disease, primarily affecting horses, cattle and swine, and to a lesser extent, sheep, goats, llamas and alpacas. The disease is caused by a zoonotic arbovirus belonging to the Rhabdoviridae family, which also includes various viruses of vertebrates, invertebrates and many floral species. Vesicular stomatitis in cattle and swine requires special attention, as it is clinically indistinguishable from foot-and-mouth disease (FMD), a highly contagious disease of hoofed animals. The clinical signs in horses and cattle are dominated by ptyalism that is a result of the formation, then the rupture of vesicles on the dorsal side of the tongue, soft palate, dental plate and mucocutaneous junctions. Lesions are also found at the coronary band of the hoof, or on the teats in cattle. Due to erosions in the ruptured vesicles, animals experience a lack of appetite and resist milking. While prolific salivation in horses and cattle is the first symptom of the disease, pigs develop lameness due to lesions on the coronary band of the hoof. Within the herd, the disease is transmitted via direct contact, contaminated objects, equipment and surfaces. The VS virus can also spread through insects, such as mosquitoes, sand flies, black flies or culicoides that are mechanical and biological vectors. The prevention of vesicular stomatitis is implemented by the isolation of affected livestock, their restricted movement in the infected area, insect (vector) control, and the use of vaccines that are available in some Latin American countries. The occasional outbreak in the human population has a certain public health significance; however, the disease is mild and resembles the flu. Therefore, it is considered a less dangerous zoonosis.
Vezikularni stomatitis (VS) reemergentna je virusna zarazna bolest prije svega konja, goveda i svinja, ali i ovaca, koza, ljama i alpaka. Uzročnik bolesti je virus vezikularnog stomatitisa, arbovirus ...iz porodice Rhabdoviridae, u koju su uključeni različiti virusi kralježnjaka, beskralježnjaka i mnogih biljnih vrsta. Zbog nemogućnosti kliničkog razlikovanja od slinavke i šapa, vezikularni stomatitis u goveda i svinja iziskuje posebnu pozornost, iznimno kontagiozne zarazne bolesti papkara. Kliničkom slikom bolesti u konja i goveda dominira ptijalizam kao posljedica formiranja, a potom pucanja vezikula na dorzalnoj strani jezika, mekom nepcu, dentalnoj ploči i mukokutanom spoju usana. Lezije se nalaze i na krunskom djelu kopita, papaka, a u goveda i na sisama. Zbog erozija koje nastaju na mjestu rupturiranih vezikula bolesna životinja odbija hranu, a opiru se i mužnji. Za razliku od konja i goveda u kojih je obilno slinjenje, prvi simptom bolesti u svinja je šepanje koje izaziva lezije na krunskom djelu papaka. Bolest se unutar stada širi izravnim kontaktom, kontaminiranim predmetima, opremom i površinama, a veliku ulogu u širenju virusa VS imaju i insekti (komarci, pješčane muhe, mušice svrbljivice i komarčići), mehanički i/ili kao biološki vektori. Prevencija vezikularnog stomatitisa temelji se na izolaciji zaraženih stada, ograničenom kretanju primljivih životinja u zaraženom području, kontroli insekata (vektora) i uporabi cjepiva, dostupnih u nekim endemskim regijama Srednje i Južne Amerike. Povremena pojava infekcije u ljudi predstavlja određeno javno-zdravstveni problem. U ljudi bolest je blaga i slična je gripi te se smatra manje opasnom zoonozom.
U ovom radu dana je usporedba odontoklastične resorptivne lezije u mačaka (FORL) s humanim karijesom, kao dvije najčešće dijagnosticirane bolesti u usnoj šupljini ovih dviju vrsta. FORL najčešća je ...bolest zuba u felida što prouzroči bol, gingivalnu upalu, uništavanje parodontnog veziva i gubitka zuba. Progresivna je bolest te je jedini tretman ekstrakcija zuba. Klinički se očituje hiperplastičnom ili hiperemičnom gingivom, a lezije su najčešće locirane na području premolara vrata zuba te se nazivaju vratnim lezijama. Specifične promjene koje se javljaju kod FORL-a su hipercementoza koja prouzroči gomoljast oblik vrha korijena, supererupcija, zadebljanja kosti duž alveolarne granice ili površine alveolarnih ploča. Simptomi su hipersalivacija i bolnost u području čeljusti gdje su oboljeli zubi i bolnost zuba zbog otvorenog pulpinog kanala. Karijes je po učestalosti druga bolest čovječanstva te obično započinje na mjestima gdje se najviše nakupljaju ostatci hrane te se oblikuje zubni plak, a to su fisure zuba, plohe između zuba i vratni dijelovi zubne krune. Simptomi mogu uključivati poteškoće s prehranom i bol, a komplikacije koje se mogu javiti su upala gingive, infekcija ili apsces te gubitak zuba. Inicijalna karijesna lezija obično započinje kao proces demineralizacije na glatkim plohama, a prikazuje se kao bijelo zamućenje, odnosno bijela mrlja. Specifične promjene koje se javljaju kod karijesa su tubulusna skleroza, odgovor pulpe na različite stadije razvoja karijesa u obliku tercijarnog dentina te recesija gingive. Karijes se liječi konzervativno ili operativno. Iz svega navedenoga se može zaključiti da se FORL i karijes razliku po simptomima, etiologiji i terapiji, a najbitnija je razlika histopatološka.
In this review article, feline odontoclastic resorptive lesion (FORL) was compared with human caries as the most commonly diagnosed disease in the oral cavity of both species. FORL is the most common disease of teeth in felines and causes pain, gingival inflammation, destruction of periodontal tissue and tooth loss. FORL is a progressive disease and the only treatment is tooth extraction. It is clinically manifested by hyperplastic or hyperemic gingivitis, and the lesions are usually located in the area of the neck of the tooth and are called cervical lesions. Specific changes that occur in feline odontoclastic resorptive lesion are hypercementosis, which causes bulb on the roots and super-eruption and thickening of the bone along the alveolar surface. Caries is the second most common human ailment and usually appears in places where food remains trapped and dental plaque is formed, i.e. in the tooth fissures, surfaces between teeth and the cervical parts of the tooth crown. Symptoms may include eating disorders and pain, while possible complications include inflammation of the gingiva, infection or abscess and loss of teeth. The initial carious lesion usually begins as a process of demineralization on smooth surfaces and appears as a white blur or white stain. Specific changes in caries are tubular sclerosis, pulp response at different stages of caries development in the form of tertiary dentine and gingival recession. Medical treatment of caries can be conservative or surgical. In conclusion, FORL and caries differ in their symptoms, etiology and therapy, while the most important difference is in their histopathology.
Canine respiratory coronavirus is a relatively new addition to the list of pathogens causing canine infectious disease complex. The virus is highly contagious, with a high prevalence in the dog ...population worldwide, especially in shelters. This study aimed to establish the presence and risk factors associated with infection in privately owned dogs and breeding colonies. This study was the first to demonstrate the presence of canine respiratory coronavirus in Croatia. Out of the 257 serum samples, 35.03% of dogs from breeding kennels and 43% of pet dogs tested enzyme-linked immunoassay positive, but the difference was not statistically significant. Sex was not an important risk factor, but the seropositivity rate increased with age. Mixing of dogs during hunting, training and dog shows was not associated with a higher seroprevalence in the breeding colonies. Daily cleaning and disinfection showed little effect on the infection spread. The study was done on a limited sample. However, it still provides evidence that the epizootiology of this disease is complex. There is no available vaccine for canine respiratory coronavirus, and further studies on environmental and risk factors will give the valuable data needed to prevent this disease.
Tetanus u pasa Hađina, Suzana; Martinković, Krešimir; Stevanović, Vladimir ...
Veterinarska stanica,
04/2022, Letnik:
53, Številka:
6
Journal Article, Paper
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Tetanus je akutna zarazna bolest u pasa koja nastaje uslijed djelovanja neurotoksina bakterije C. tetani. Ulazna vrata su najčešće ubodne rane ili ozljede na koži. Inkubacija može trajati u ...vremenskom rasponu od tri dana do tri tjedna. Razlikujemo dva klinička oblika bolesti: lokalizirani i generalizirani. Kod lokaliziranog oblika vidljiva je ukočenost ekstremiteta na kojem se nalazi ozljeda ili rana. Tipični klinički znaci generalizirang oblika bolesti su grč muskulature lica, a tijekom progresije bolesti dolazi do generalizirane ukočenosti svih ekstremiteta, intermitentnih toničkih grčeva dišne muskulature te spastične paralize. Bolest je popraćena brojnim komplikacijama, a letalan ishod posljedica je respiratornog ili srčanog zastoja. Dijagnostika se temelji na detaljnoj anamnezi i tipičnoj kliničkoj slici. Liječenje tetanusa uključuje kiruršku obradu rane, neutralizaciju slobodnog neurotoksina antitoksinom, sprječavanje daljnjeg umnažanja bakterije C. tetani antimikrobnim pripravcima te potpornu terapiju. Sam proces liječenja je dugotrajan, a prognoza i ishod bolesti ne ovise samo o obliku i tijeku bolesti već i o njezinom pravovremenom prepoznavanju te adekvatnom liječenju. Uz sve navedeno potrebno je naglasiti da još uvijek ne postoji jedinstveni pristup liječenju ove bolesti u pasa. Imunoprofilaksa tetanusa u pasa se ne provodi.
Tetanus is an acute, non-contagious infectious disease in dogs caused by the tetanus neurotoxin produced by the bacterium Clostridium tetani. The most common paths of entry are infected puncture wounds or skin injuries. The incubation period of the disease ranges from three days to three weeks. The clinical presentation of the disease is manifested in either the localised or generalised form. In the localised form of the disease, there is visible rigidity of the limb where the injury or wound is located. The generalised form is manifested through typical clinical symptoms that initially include facial muscle spasm, and as the disease progresses, there is generalized stiffness of all extremities, intermittent tonic spasms of the respiratory musculature, and spastic paralysis. The disease is accompanied by numerous complications, and a lethal outcome is the result of respiratory or cardiac arrest. Diagnosis is based on a detailed anamnesis and typical clinical signs. Treatment of tetanus includes surgical management of the wound, neutralisation of the free neurotoxin with an antitoxin, prevention of further multiplication of bacterium C. tetani by the administration of antimicrobial medications, and supportive therapy. The process itself is long-term and the prognosis and outcome of the disease depends not only on the form and course of the disease, but also on its timely recognition and adequate treatment. Furthermore, it is important to emphasise that there is still no unique approach to the treatment of this disease in dogs. Immunoprophylaxis of tetanus in dogs is not currently enforced.
A 19-month-old female common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) was presented with a 4-day history of anorexia and behavioral changes. At presentation, a combination of neurological signs, erosions, and ...ulcerations of the mucous membranes of the oral mucosa and mucocutaneous junction of the lips were observed, suggesting herpesvirus infection. Although etiological and symptomatic therapy was initiated immediately, the animal died the next day. A necropsy was performed, and gross pathology and pathohistology findings indicated a systemic viral infection. Definitive diagnosis was based on the results of molecular testing that demonstrated the presence of human herpes simplex virus type 1. In conclusion, marmosets are a highly susceptible host for human herpes simplex virus. To reduce the risk of infection and prevent this highly lethal disease in monkeys, contact with humans who have symptomatic or asymptomatic forms of HSV-1 should be limited and accompanied by appropriate hygiene measures.
Over a year into the COVID-19 pandemic, there is growing evidence that SARS-CoV-2 infections among dogs are more common than previously thought. In this study, the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies ...was investigated in two dog populations. The first group was comprised of 1069 dogs admitted to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital for any given reason. The second group included dogs that shared households with confirmed COVID-19 cases in humans. This study group numbered 78 dogs. In COVID-19 infected households, 43.9% tested ELISA positive, and neutralising antibodies were detected in 25.64% of dogs. Those data are comparable with the secondary attack rate in the human population. With 14.69% of dogs in the general population testing ELISA positive, there was a surge of SARS-CoV-2 infections within the dog population amid the second wave of the pandemic. Noticeably seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 in the dog and the human population did not differ at the end of the study period. Male sex, breed and age were identified as significant risk factors. This study gives strong evidence that while acute dog infections are mostly asymptomatic, they can pose a significant risk to dog health. Due to the retrospective nature of this study, samples for viral isolation and PCR were unavailable. Still, seropositive dogs had a 1.97 times greater risk for developing central nervous symptoms.
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