Herein, we present an overview of recent advances in the electrochemical halogenation of organic compounds. Halogen-containing compounds are essential building blocks for post-functionalization in ...academic research and in different industrial sectors, notably pharmaceutical companies. One of the main advantages of using electrosynthesis is its environmentally-friendly characteristics. Electrosynthesis is recognized as a methodology that can fulfill different criteria of the green chemistry concept and constitutes a promising tool in the development of new procedures in organic synthesis. In this review we target sp, sp
2
and sp
3
carbon fluorination, chlorination, bromination and iodination reactions using electrolysis as a redox medium. Mechanistic insights and substrate reactivity are also discussed.
In this review we target sp, sp
2
and sp
3
carbon fluorination, chlorination, bromination and iodination reactions using electrolysis as a redox medium. Mechanistic insights and substrate reactivity are also discussed.
Electricity originating from renewable resources can be used for highly sustainable and economically attractive applications. With electrons as the mass-free reagent, the use of a stoichiometric ...amount of oxidants in annulation reactions can be avoided, thereby eliminating the production of waste. Considered as a modern reaction configuration, the availability of electrochemical methods is expanding synthetic applications in the field of organic chemistry. Electrochemical transformations possess many benefits over traditional reagent-based methodologies, such as high functional group tolerance, mild conditions, easy scale up setup, high yields and selective transformations. In this review, we targeted electrochemical annulation reactions involving mediators and mediator-free conditions with generation of new C-C, C-heteroatom and heteroatom-heteroatom bonds, their mechanistic insights, as well as the reactivity of substrates. We also explain the recent use of sacrificial electrodes in annulation reactions.
Herein, electrochemical annulations involving mediators and mediator-free conditions have been discussed. Also, the use of sacrificial electrodes has been explored.
Methods and techniques that can be used to perform various chemical transformations in an environmentally friendly and safe manner are a current hot topic of interest to the scientific community. ...Here, we specify one such approach that is able to efficiently synthesize highly functionalised compounds without the need for expensive inorganic catalysts and, in many cases, without harsh reagents and thus, reduce the waste and potential dangers they would otherwise pose. This methodology of electrochemistry has become well established as a synthetic route of significant importance, wherein electricity is provided as the acting oxidising/reducing agent, and even under mild conditions, highly reactive species can be generated in a controlled fashion. In addition, more and more modern day energy is being produced through renewable sources and therefore, electrochemical applications are becoming increasingly more sustainable and economically attractive. Although rare within biological systems, the functionalization of alkynes involves many key chemical transformations including, but not limited to, annulations, hetero-cyclisation reactions, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon formation, alkyne-azide cycloaddition in click chemistry, indole derivative synthesis,
etc.
In recent years, much attention has focused on exploiting carbon-carbon double and triple bonds in chemical transformations using electrolysis. Herein, we outline examples of electrochemical alkyne functionalization reactions in connection with green and sustainable chemistry that proceed with excellent atom economy.
We outline examples of electrochemical alkyne functionalization reactions in connection with green and sustainable chemistry that proceed with excellent atom economy.
Electrochemical Phosphorylation of Organic Molecules Sbei, Najoua; Martins, Guilherme M.; Shirinfar, Bahareh ...
Chemical record,
December 2020, 2020-Dec, 2020-12-00, 20201201, Letnik:
20, Številka:
12
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Organophosphorus chemistry is a broad field with multi‐dimensional applications in research area of organic, biology, drug design and agrochemicals. Conventional methods have been adopted extensively ...to access phosphorylated compounds that rely on the use of toxic, moisture sensitive phosphorylating agents and occur in the presence of oxidants, catalysts, as well as high temperatures and harsh conditions are required for complete transformations. However, recent progress has been made for phosphorylation reactions using electricity to introduce green and sustainable synthetic procedures. These reactions can be performed at mild conditions and proceed with excellent atom economy. Herein, we targeted electrochemical phosphorylation reactions with generation of new bonds such as C(sp3) −P, C(sp2) −P, O−P, N−P, S−P and Se−P. This review is aimed to offer an overview of recent developments in the synthetic methodology to easy access of organophosphorus compounds using electrochemistry.
Herein, electrochemical phosphorylation reactions involving catalyst and catalyst‐free conditions, with generation of new bonds such as C(sp3)−P, C(sp2) −P, O−P, N−P, S−P and Se−P have been discussed.
C-H bond functionalization generates molecular complexity in single-step transformation. However, the activation of C-H bonds requires expensive metals or stoichiometric amounts of oxidizing/reducing ...species. In many cases, they often require pre-functionalization of starting molecules. Such pre-activating measures cause waste generation and their separation from the final product is also troublesome. In such a scenario, reactions activating elements generating from renewable energy resources such as electricity and light would be more efficient, green, and cost-effective. Further, incorporation of growing flow technology in chemical transformation processes will accelerate the safer accesses of valuable products. Arenes & heteroarenes are ubiquitous in pharmaceuticals, natural products, medicinal compounds, and other biologically important molecules. Herein, we discussed enabling tools and technologies used for the recent C-H bonds functionalization of arenes and heteroarenes.
Electrochemistry is now regarded as one of the most efficient ways to synthesize highly functionalized moieties, such as those of the difunctionalized vicinal alkene family, from simpler and more ...commercially available substrates. These vicinal transformations usually involve transition‐metal catalysts, hypervalent iodine reagents, or photocatalysts to form new bonds and often generate unwanted by‐products. Herein, we have outline examples of electrochemical alkene difunctionalization reactions that do not require a metal catalyst incorporated into the solution and yet still proceed with excellent atom economies.
Selective vicinal oxidative electrochemical alkene difunctionalization is a powerful and versatile chemical pathway to build complex molecules without the use of external chemical oxidants and catalysts, providing products in high yield.
Herein, we describe a solvent- and metal-free method for the synthesis of 3-chalcogenyl-indoles from indoles and diorganyl dichalcogenides using an equivalent amount of DMSO as an oxidant, under ...catalysis by molecular iodine. This mild and eco-friendly approach allowed the preparation of a wide range of 3-selenyl- and 3-sulfenyl-indoles in good to excellent yields.
Herein, we report an eco-friendly, electrosynthetic approach for the intramolecular oxyselenylation of allyl-naphthol/phenol derivatives. This reaction proceeds with 0.2 equiv. of nBu4NClO4 as an ...electrolyte and Pt working electrodes in an undivided cell, resulting in the selenyl-dihydrofurans in good to excellent yields. Furthermore, several of the synthesized products presented a high percentage of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibition, highlighting their potential anti-Alzheimer activity.
This review provides an overview of the recent progress in organic electrosynthesis in Brazil, ranging from 2013 to 2023. By highlighting the principles, applications, and limitations of various ...electrosynthetic methodologies, this article aims to contribute to the understanding of basic principles and stimulate research in this field in Brazil. Moreover, the limitations and challenges associated with organic electrosynthesis are covered. Factors such as electrode material selection, solvent effects, and reaction optimization are discussed, highlighting the need for further research and development to overcome these obstacles. Finally, future prospects are outlined.
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