Objective
To identify cases of severe maternal morbidity (SMM) during pregnancy and childbirth, their characteristics, and to test the feasibility of scaling up World Health Organization criteria for ...identifying women at risk of a worse outcome.
Design
Multicentre cross‐sectional study.
Setting
Twenty‐seven referral maternity hospitals from all regions of Brazil.
Population
Cases of SMM identified among 82 388 delivering women over a 1‐year period.
Methods
Prospective surveillance using the World Health Organization's criteria for potentially life‐threatening conditions (PLTC) and maternal near‐miss (MNM) identified and assessed cases with severe morbidity or death.
Main outcome measures
Indicators of maternal morbidity and mortality; sociodemographic, clinical and obstetric characteristics; gestational and perinatal outcomes; main causes of morbidity and delays in care.
Results
Among 9555 cases of SMM, there were 140 deaths and 770 cases of MNM. The main determining cause of maternal complication was hypertensive disease. Criteria for MNM conditions were more frequent as the severity of the outcome increased, all combined in over 75% of maternal deaths.
Conclusions
This study identified around 9.5% of MNM or death among all cases developing any severe maternal complication. Multicentre studies on surveillance of SMM, with organised collaboration and adequate study protocols can be successfully implemented, even in low‐income and middle‐income settings, generating important information on maternal health and care to be used to implement appropriate health policies and interventions.
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Surveillance of severe maternal morbidity was proved to be possible in a hospital network in Brazil.
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Surveillance of severe maternal morbidity was proved to be possible in a hospital network in Brazil.
Abstract
This study evaluated whether the rate of weight gain (RWG) on pre-puberty and the Expected Progeny Difference (EPD) of the sire increases puberty rate in crossed beef heifers. Sixty Angus x ...Nellore heifers weaned early (102±4.3 d of age; 103±4.7 kg of BW) were used in a 2x2 factorial treatment design. Factor 1 was the RWG in period 1 (3rd to 7th month of age): High ADG (0.95 kg), with DMI ad libitum (HG) or Medium ADG (0.70 kg), with DMI of 1.5% of BW (MG); the diet was the same in different amount (CP 19%; NDF 21%; TDN 79%). In period 2 (7th month of age to puberty), all heifers were fed ad libitum (CP 16%; NDF 27%; TDN 78%). Factor 2 was the sire’s EPD for sexual precocity: Positive EPD (PE) or Negative EPD (NE). Puberty was considered when corpus luteum was identified by the weekly ultrasonography examination. Statistical analysis was performed using MIXED and GLIMMIX procedures of SAS 9.3. There was no interaction between factors. Considering the RWG (HG vs MG), there was no effect on puberty rate (77.5 vs 69.0 %; P = 0.36), BW (318.00±9.87 vs 318.84±10.49 kg; P = 0.93), age (332.04±11.99 vs 343.66±12.74 d; P = 0.36) and BCS at puberty (7.48±0.22 vs 7.28±0.24; P = 0.38). Considering the EPD (PE vs NE), there was effect on puberty rate (87.0 vs 59.5 %; P = 0.03) and BW at puberty (337.85±9.22 vs 299.00±11.14 kg; P = 0.0005). The EPD did not affect age (346.73±11.20 vs 328.98±13.52 d; P = 0.16) and BCS at puberty (7.38±0.21 vs 7.38±0.25; P = 0.97). In conclusion, the RWG from 3rd to 7th month of age did not influence puberty rate; however, the PE increased the puberty rate of Angus x Nellore heifers at 15th month of age.
Callisto
®
, containing the active ingredient mesotrione (2-4-methylsulfonyl-2-nitrobenzoyl1,3-cyclohenanedione), is a selective herbicide that controls weeds in corn crops and is a potential ...environmental contaminant. The objective of this work was to evaluate enzymatic and structural changes in
Pantoea ananatis,
a strain isolated from water, in response to exposure to this herbicide. Despite degradation of mesotrione, probably due a glutathione-S-transferase (GST) pathway in
Pantoea ananatis,
this herbicide induced oxidative stress by increasing hydrogen peroxide production. Thiol fragments, eventually produced after mesotrione degradation, could be involved in increased GST activity. Nevertheless, there was no peroxidation damage related to this production, as malondialdehyde (MDA) synthesis, which is due to lipid peroxidation, was highest in the controls, followed by the mesotrione- and Callisto
®
-treated cultures at log growth phase. Therefore,
P. ananatis
can tolerate and grow in the presence of the herbicide, probably due an efficient control of oxidative stress by a polymorphic catalase system. MDA rates depend on lipid saturation due to a pattern change to a higher level of saturation. These changes are likely related to the formation of GST-mesotrione conjugates and mesotrione degradation-specific metabolites and to the presence of cytotoxic adjuvants. These features may shift lipid membrane saturation, possibly providing a protective effect to bacteria through an increase in membrane impermeability. This response system in
P. ananatis
provides a novel model for bacterial herbicide tolerance and adaptation in the environment.
A novel
l-amino acid oxidase (LAO) (Casca LAO) from
Crotalus durissus cascavella venom was purified to a high degree of molecular homogeneity using a combination of molecular exclusion and ...ion-exchange chromatography system. The purified monomer of LAO presented a molecular mass of 68
kDa and pI estimated in 5.43, which were determined by two-dimensional electrophoresis. The 71st N-terminal amino acid sequence of the LAO from
Crotalus durissus cascavella presented a high amino acid sequence similarities with other LAOs from
Colloselasma rhosostoma,
Crotalus adamanteus,
Agkistrodon h. blomhoffi,
Agkistrodon h. halys and
Trimeresurus stejnegeri. LAO displayed a Michaelis-Menten behavior with a kilometer of 46.7
μM and an optimum pH for enzymatic activity of 6.5. Casca LAO induced a dose-dependent platelet aggregation, which was abolished by catalase and inhibited by indomethacin and aspirin. These results suggest that the production of H
2O
2 is involved in subsequent activation of inflammatory enzymes, such as thromboxane. Casca LAO also inhibited the bacterial growth of Gram-negative (
Xanthomonas axonopodis pv passiflorae) and Gram-positive (
S. mutans) strains. Electron microscopy assessments of both bacterial strains suggest that the hydrogen peroxide produced by LAO induce bacterial membrane rupture and consequently loss of cytoplasmatic content. This LAO exhibited a high antileishmanic activity against the promastigote of
Leishmania amazonensis in vitro, its activity was dependent on the production of hydrogen peroxide, and the 50% inhibitory concentration was estimated in 2.39
μg/ml.
Bothrops jararacussu myotoxin I (BthTx-I; Lys 49) and II (BthTX-II; Asp 49) were purified by ion-exchange chromatography and reverse phase HPLC. In this work we used the isolated perfused rat kidney ...method to evaluate the renal effects of
B. jararacussu myotoxins I (Lys49 PLA
2) and II (Asp49 PLA
2) and their possible blockage by indomethacin. BthTX-I (5
μg/ml) and BthTX-II (5
μg/ml) increased perfusion pressure (PP; ct
120=110.28±3.70
mmHg; BthTX I=171.28±6.30*
mmHg; BthTX II=175.50±7.20*
mmHg), renal vascular resistance (RVR; ct
120=5.49
±0.54
mmHg/ml.g
−1
min
−1; BthTX I=8.62±0.37*
mmHg/ml
g
−1
min
−1; BthTX II=8.9±0.36*
mmHg/ml
g
−1
min
−1), urinary flow (UF; ct
120=0.14±0.01
ml
g
−1
min
−1; BthTX I=0.32±0.05*
ml
g
−1
min
−1; BthTX II=0.37±0.01*
ml
g
−1
min
−1) and glomerular filtration rate (GFR; ct
120=0.72±0.10
ml
g
−1
min
−1; BthTX I=0.85±0.13*
ml
g
−1
min
−1; BthTX II=1.22±0.28*
ml
g
−1
min
−1). In contrast decreased the percent of sodium tubular transport (%TNa
+; ct
120=79,76±0.56; BthTX I=62.23±4.12*; BthTX II=70.96±2.93*) and percent of potassium tubular transport (%TK
+;ct
120=66.80±3.69; BthTX I=55.76±5.57*; BthTX II=50.86±6.16*). Indomethacin antagonized the vascular, glomerular and tubular effects promoted by BthTX I and it's partially blocked the effects of BthTX II. In this work also evaluated the antibacterial effects of BthTx-I and BthTx-II against
Xanthomonas axonopodis. pv. passiflorae (Gram-negative bacteria) and we observed that both PLA2 showed antibacterial activity. Also we observed that proteins Also we observed that proteins chemically modified with 4-bromophenacyl bromide (ρ-BPB) decrease significantly the antibacterial effect of both PLA
2. In conclusion, BthTx I and BthTX II caused renal alteration and presented activity antimicrobial. The indomethacin was able to antagonize totally the renal effects induced by BthTx I and partially the effects promoted by BthTx II, suggesting involvement of inflammatory mediators in the renal effects caused by myotoxins. In the other hand, other effects could be independently of the enzymatic activity of the BthTX II and the C-terminal domain could be involved in both effects promoted for PLA
2.
Erlotinib, an oral tyrosine kinase inhibitor, is active against head-and-neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) and possibly has a synergistic interaction with chemotherapy and radiotherapy. We ...investigated the safety and efficacy of erlotinib added to cisplatin and radiotherapy in locally advanced HNSCC.
In this Phase I/II trial 100 mg/m(2) of cisplatin was administered on Days 8, 29, and 50, and radiotherapy at 70 Gy was started on Day 8. During Phase I, the erlotinib dose was escalated (50 mg, 100 mg, and 150 mg) in consecutive cohorts of 3 patients, starting on Day 1 and continuing during radiotherapy. Dose-limiting toxicity was defined as any Grade 4 event requiring radiotherapy interruptions. Phase II was initiated 8 weeks after the last Phase I enrollment.
The study accrued 9 patients in Phase I and 28 in Phase II; all were evaluable for efficacy and safety. No dose-limiting toxicity occurred in Phase I, and the recommended Phase II dose was 150 mg. The most frequent nonhematologic toxicities were nausea/vomiting, dysphagia, stomatitis, xerostomia and in-field dermatitis, acneiform rash, and diarrhea. Of the 31 patients receiving a 150-mg daily dose of erlotinib, 23 (74%; 95% confidence interval, 56.8%-86.3%) had a complete response, 3 were disease free after salvage surgery, 4 had inoperable residual disease, and 1 died of sepsis during treatment. With a median 37 months' follow-up, the 3-year progression-free and overall survival rates were 61% and 72%, respectively.
This combination appears safe, has encouraging activity, and deserves further studies in locally advanced HNSCC.
The one-pot synthesis of nine 5-trichloromethyl-1,2-dimethyl-1H-pyrazolium chlorides 2 from the cyclocondensation of 4-alkoxy-1,1,1-trichloro-3-alken-2-ones CCl
3
C(O)C(R
2
)= C(R
1
)OR, where R
1
= ...H, Me, Et, n-Pr, (CH
2
)
5
CO
2
Et, CH
2
Br, Ph, 4-Br-C
6
H
4
; R
2
= H, Me; and R = Me, Et with 1,2-dimethylhydrazine is reported.
For Part 16, see Ref.
12
.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
BFBNIB, DOBA, GIS, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
This study aimed to select promising F2RC1 populations of saladette-type dwarf tomato plants for the development of breeding lines based on agronomic characteristics, fruit quality, and whitefly ...resistance. The experimental design was randomized blocks containing 13 treatments (10 F2RC1 populations of dwarf tomato plants, both parents, and a commercial hybrid) with four replicates. The evaluations were performed included weight, length, diameter, shape, pulp thickness, number of locules, soluble solids, beta-carotene, and lycopene concentration of the fruit; plant internode length; acylsugars concentration; and number of whitefly eggs, nymphs, and adults on the leaflets. The data were analyzed using ANOVA, selection indices, and multivariate analysis. The first backcross increased the agronomic characteristics of the populations in relation to the donor parent, especially for fruit weight (169.1%), fruit length (26.1%), and fruit diameter (16.6%). The UFU SDi 7, UFU SDi 9, and UFU-SDi 17 populations were selected using two selection indices and were therefore considered promising. Key words: Solanum lycopersicum, dwarfism, backcrossing, plant breeding O objetivo do estudo foi selecionar populações F2RC1 de tomateiro anão do tipo saladete promissoras para o desenvolvimento de linhagens baseado em características agronômicas, qualidade de fruto e resistência a mosca branca. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados contendo 13 tratamentos (10 populações F2RC1 de tomateiro anão, genitores e híbrido comercial) com quatro repetições. Foram avaliados: peso, comprimento, diâmetro, formato, espessura da polpa, número de lóculos, teores de sólidos solúveis, beta-caroteno e licopeno do fruto; comprimento do entrenó da planta; teores de acilaçúcares, número de ovos, ninfas e adultos de mosca branca nos folíolos. Os dados foram analisados por ANOVA, índices de seleção e análise multivariada. O primeiro retrocruzamento aumentou as características agronômicas das populações em relação ao genitor doador, principalmente para peso de fruto (169.1%), comprimento do fruto (26.1%) e diâmetro do fruto (16.6%). As populações UFU SDi 7, UFU SDi 9 e UFU-SDi 17 foram selecionadas por dois índices de seleção e são consideradas promissoras. Palavras-chave: Solanum lycopersicum, nanismo, retrocruzamento, melhoramento de plantas
In the title compound, C18H14Cl2N2O2, the 2,4‐dichlorophenyl and phenyl rings form dihedral angles with the pyrazole system of 77.6 (3) and 32.8 (4)°, respectively. The crystal packing is stabilized ...mainly by van der Waals forces.
PDF
![Selection of [F.sub.2]R[C.s...](http://api.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/image/issn/XR4PS5YY4K/1415-4366/small "Selection of [F.sub.2]R[C.sub.1] saladette-type dwarf tomato plant populations for fruit quality and whitefly resistance/Seleção de populações [F.sub.2]R[C.sub.1] de tomateiro anão do tipo saladete para desenvolvimento de linhagens")
