A significant part of fossil findings, which are objects in palaeontological and palaeoanthropological research, is represented by teeth. Even if compared with skeletal remains, they are composed of ...highly mineralised tissues. This fact considerably increases their potential for being preserved withstanding destructive environmental factors. Nevertheless fossilisation process is accompanied by various changes in teeth including over the centuries with regard to their integrity or deformations. Thus among palaeontological findings there is a noticeable share of fragmented teeth. However we will focus in the current paper on a special group of teeth, which have preserved their most essential morphological features, being at the same time on the way to their fragmentation - cracked teeth.Recent morphological and especially morphometric study methods applied to dental findings have been developed largely in line with high-resolution imaging techniques, such as microfocus x-ray tomographic scanning. They provide diversity of detailed digital reconstructions of teeth and application of image processing. This allows improvements of existing methods in odontological studies as well as and development of new as well, including those using automated algorithms, e.g. automated digital odontometry. This technique is sensitive to reconstructed surface quality, uninterrupted requiring surfaces as cracks hinder running the algorithms. Thus we propose method for reconstructing cracked teeth, which allows to obtain better results in morphological studies of teeth. The method proposed is based on consistent stages of surface curvature analysis and minimizing average distance between points opposing cracks surfaces.
This paper presents data on new finds of remains of Mammoth fauna mammals in the Middle Lena River basin (Lena Pillars Nature Park (Yakutia) and adjacent areas). Based on these data, a list of the ...main localities for large mammal species in this region was compiled. Eleven species of large mammals are identified, among which, the cave lion
Panthera spelaea
is reported for the first time for this region. A series of new radiocarbon dates allows us to conclude that there was a mass burial of Neopleistocene mammalian remains in this region during the Karginian interstadial (60 (55)–24 kyr ago, MIS-3). The radiocarbon dates obtained and species composition are consistent with the data that the Karginian interstadial was the most favorable for the distribution of the Mammoth fauna in the territory of Yakutia. The study results show that the ecological distribution of
Ovis nivicola
in the Late Pleistocene differs from its present-day habitat area.
Speleological, geological and paleontological characteristics of the Lang Trang cave in northern Vietnam are presented. Primates
Gigantopithecus blacki
von Koenigswald, 1935,
Pongo
sp.,
...Trachypithecus
sp.,
Presbytis
sp.,
Macaca nemestrina
(Linnaeus, 1766),
M.
cf.
fascicularis
Raffles, 1821,
M.
cf.
mulatta
(Zimmermann, 1780), and
Macaca
sp., carnivorans
Panthera
tigris
(Linnaeus, 1758),
Neofelis nebulosa
(Griffith, 1821), and
Arctonyx collaris
rostratus
Matthew et Granger, 1923, lipotyphlan
Chodsigoa hoffmanni
Chen et al., 2017, rodents
Hystrix kiangsenensis
Wang, 1931,
Leopoldamys neilli
(Marshall, 1976), and
Rattus rattus
(Linnaeus, 1758), proboscidean
Elephas
sp., perissodactyls
Tapirus indicus
(Desmarest, 1819) and
Dicerorhinus sumatrensis
(Fischer, 1814), artiodactyls
Sus scrofa
Linnaeus, 1758,
S
.
barbatus
Müller, 1838,
Muntiacus muntjak
(Zimmermann, 1780),
Axis porcinus
(Zimmermann, 1780),
Rusa unicolor
(Kerr, 1792), and
Capricornis sumatraensis
(Bechstein, 1799), as well as crocodile
Crocodylus
sp. (first record in northern Vietnam) are determined among the Pleistocene fossils collected in the cave in 2021.
M.
cf.
fascicularis
,
M.
cf.
mulatta
,
N. nebulosa
,
L. neilli
and
R. rattus
have been identified in the Lang Trang fauna for the first time. The find of a giant ape,
G. blacki
, is of particular importance, since it is the only record in the Upper Pleistocene of Vietnam and one of the youngest findings in the world.
This paper proposes a strategy that allows a researcher to choose the most effective method of data analysis according to a given set of criteria. The strategy is based on the Analytic Hierarchy ...Process, which is a system procedure for hierarchical representation of elements that determine the essence of the problem. An example of applying the strategy using four quality criteria and six cluster analysis methods as research alternatives is given.
This article is based on the researches, those aim is to solve an interdisciplinary fundamental scientific problem - the study of big data analysis technologies for developing scenarios of ...communication mechanisms formation for working with Internet communities in order to reintegrate a post-conflict society, for example, Ukraine. The strategy is based on the method of classification of VK user communities relying on keywords.
Findings of teeth play a significant role in palaeoanthropology. And excavations in Vietnamese LangTrank cave serve as a vivid example and evidence of this statement. Teeth constitute the majority of ...the paleontological material dated to Middle and Late Pleistocene periods. This is to some extent the result of dietary preferences of porcupines as these rodents include in their diets bones of animals however avoiding extremely hard coronal parts of teeth. Under such circumstances teeth serve a key to taxonomic differentiation of findings as genetic analysis is often hindered by a lack of preserved DNA at such dating of material. However morphological analysis is difficult in some cases either, as teeth can be worn out or broken. In that case enamel thickness measurements become an effective study instrument as this feature varies between species. In the current study two teeth with clear signs of expressed dental wear, presumably upper fourth premolars of wild boar required more detailed analysis. Thus they were reconstructed after micro-computed tomography scanning similarly to other upper teeth picked for comparison: orang-utan tooth from the same location and two teeth from the Upper Palaeolithic Sunghir (they have been scanned earlier). This study required new approaches to image processing and measurement methodology due to marked attrition of the samples. The workflow and results of enamel thickness assessments which facilitated taxonomical differentiation of the findings are presented in the article.
A partial carcass of the woolly mammoth,
Mammuthus primigenius,
named “Yuka Mammoth,” was found thawed from the Pleistocene Yedoma (permafrost) deposits of the Oyogos Yar bluff on the coast of the ...Dmitry Laptev Strait. Yuka’s AMS calibrated radiocarbon date yielded the date between ~40 100–39 000 calendar years BP. The mDNA analyses demonstrated that Yuka clusters with previously published Siberian woolly mammoths falling into clade 1 and represents ancestral to a haplotype shared by two ~18 500
14
C yr old mammoths, including the Yukagir Mammoth that was discovered ~140 km from the Yuka’s site. The hide morphology in the genital area suggests that Yuka was a female. The teeth generation (DP3/dp3-Dp4/dp4) and their state of wear, season of her death (autumn) and confirmed earlier the dental development delay in infants allowed to estimate Yuka’s age as 5.5 yr old juvenile. Yuka’s tusks suggests that yuka was not older than 5.5 years woolly mammoth specimens with the similar dental age. Yuka’s missing body parts and the damage of the hide suggests that it was hunted by cave lions, but she managed to escape into a mudhole, where she died and was partially scavenged.
The paper reviews history of studies and research areas on a frozen mummy of the woolly mammoth (
Mammuthus primigenius
) found in 2010 in Oyogoss Yar, about 30 km west of the Kondratyeva River ...mouth, northern Yakutia. Introduced to the scientific literature as the Yuka Mammoth, it became the first, partly preserved carcass of female woolly mammoth of adolescent age found in the world, which lived about 39 000 calendar years BP, during relatively warm period (MIS 3, Molotkovskian, or Leningrad Interstadials).The multidisciplinary study of Yuka by various approaches (anatomical-morphological, palynological, paleobotanical, microbiological, computer tomography, and radiocarbon dating methods) yielded fundamentally new data on this proboscidean species. The paper evaluates systematic studies of this unique specimen, from identification of its age and studies of skeletal morphology, ontogenetic development and environmental conditions to reporting the presence of viable bacteria in Yuka’s soft tissues. This paper also features the discovery of the preserved brain and analysis of its structure, as well as a revelation of unique morphology of the trunk, for the first time for this species. The paleobotanical data indicated predomination of open herbaceous landscapes during Yuka’s life. New features of the species morphology were revealed: delayed eruption of the permanent tusks (I) and different number of nail plates and phalanges on the forelegs. The presence of viable bacteria strains of
Bacillus
genus was recorded in Yuka’s tissues.
The dental remains of
Gigantopithecus blacki
von Koenigswald, 1935 (a complete right m2 with roots and distal fragment of left m2 crown) from the Upper Pleistocene deposits of the Lang Trang cave in ...northern Vietnam (Thanh Hoa Province) are described. It is the first record of
Gigantopithecus
in the Upper Pleistocene of Vietnam and, apparently, the second one in the Upper Pleistocene in general (considering material from Shuangtan cave in southern China). Probably, the extinction of
G. blacki
was confined to the Middle–Late Pleistocene transition, and the specimens from the Lang Trang cave belong to one of the latest relict populations of
Gigantopithecus
.
We describe a vertebrate assemblage from the Pleistocene deposits of the Taurida karst cave discovered in 2018 in central Crimea (Zuya village, Belogorsk raion). The assemblage is correlated with ...Late Villafranchian faunas of the Eastern Mediterranean and has an approximate age of 1.8–1.5 Ma.
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