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In the article, the problems of the development of merchandise exports of three post-Soviet oil exporters—Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan and Russia and the three largest oil exporters of the Persian ...Gulf—Iran, Kuwait and Saudi Arabia are studied based on the analysis of disaggregated export–import flows using the approaches of complexity economics and the structuralist school, taking into account the carbon trace of export goods. It is concluded that in a low-carbon world, the opportunities to increase exports for post-Soviet oil exporters by diversifying into goods that are most technologically close to the country’s current production capabilities are relatively limited. Gulf oil exporters will benefit from such a strategy in terms of the size of their potential export markets. To ensure the sustainability of economic growth, Russia and Kazakhstan need to diversify into new export goods, which requires the creation of modern production facilities.
Abstract
Neoglycolipids due to their amphiphilic properties exhibit self-assembly in aqueous phases. In high concentrations the liquid crystalline or gel phases may form. So-called soft-material are ...a subject of interest of many scientists especially as biosensors and wound healing materials. In this study we examine the structure of a quasicrystalline phase of biot-CMG(2)-DOPE obtained at the concentration of 150 mg/ml (13wt.%) in PBS. The structural data such as interplanar spacing, order parameter and long-range order were obtained by SAXS, while the changes in chemical structure were studied by Raman spectroscopy. It was also in our interest to examine a correlation between the ionic strength and the self-assembly, so we also studied a similar quasicrystalline phase of the same compound but in a buffer containing CaCl
2
at the concentration of 4wt.%. According to SAXS data, FSL-biotin construct formed a complex ordered phase consisting of overlapping latices of different kind. The addition of CaCl
2
into PBS resulted in obtaining a more structured system demonstrating cubic-like crystal lattice. Change in peak intensities on Raman spectrums of -C-H- and -C-C- bonds vibrations explained the change in phase properties.
The world oil market is in the process of profound transformation. Under the influence of both long-term trends and recent exogenous shocks in the form of the global coronavirus pandemic and the ...geopolitical crisis around Ukraine, global oil demand, world oil production and trade in crude oil and petroleum products are being transformed in real time. The main driver of the restructuring of the oil market is the approaching risk of peak of global oil demand. On the supply side strengthening the position of the United States in world oil production, which is the result of technological breakthroughs in the methods of tight oil extraction is observed. The short-term elasticity of oil supply has increased markedly. Sluggish dynamics of global demand for oil against the backdrop of an expanding opportunity for a rapid increase in oil production have significantly reduced the risk of a shortage of oil supply, at least in the medium term. This forces the OPEC countries, which are in dire need of maximizing oil export revenues in order to maintain acceptable economic growth rates, to restrain oil production at the expense of their market niche. Western sanctions against the Russian oil and gas sector provoked a reorientation of Russian oil exports to the markets of friendly and nonaligned countries, primarily to India and China, as well as Turkey. In Europe, the former niches of Russian oil are taken by the United States and OPEC countries. To avoid the risks of falling under secondary sanctions, importers of Russian oil buy it with a price discount. In fact, world oil trade has taken a dual structure: the vast majority of oil is traded using market price quotations, while at the same time, a segment of trade in relatively cheap oil has emerged. Until 2022, this segment was formed by Iranian and Venezuelan oil, but it was much more modest in terms of absolute volume. The parallel existence of two segments in the world oil trade led to sharpening of competition between oil exporters. A return to normality could be a new shock for the oil market.
The new European HPC facility for Fusion is in operation since July 2016. It replaces, for European fusion researchers, the Helios supercomputer installed in Japan in the context of the Broader ...Approach agreement. The supercomputer is hosted at CINECA and it is a fraction of the MARCONI system. Thanks to a customized technical project done by ENEA, in a joint development agreement with CINECA, the European community of fusion modelling can exploit the latest available CPU technologies, following the CINECA HPC roadmap towards 50 PFlops planned for 2019. The MARCONI Fusion fraction is being delivered in two phases: the first one, 1 PFlops of CPU multi-core architecture based on the Intel Broadwell processors, is already in operation since July 2016, and the second one, 5 PFlops of the same architecture based on the INTEL Skylake processors, will be deployed in July 2017. Furthermore the project includes 1 PFlops of the third generation of Intel Xeon Phi many-core architecture (Knights Landing generation).
Within this framework, ENEA/CINECA provides, in addition, the operation support of the Gateway infrastructure of EUROFusion Work-Package Code Development. A new Gateway HPC system is in operation at CINECA since Jan. 2017 thanks to the data migration and software porting activities carried out by ENEA/CINECA team together with the Core Programming Team of the Infrastructure and Support Activity work package from EUROfusion. The new Gateway infrastructure is tightly coupled with the MARCONI Fusion fraction, sharing the same 100 Gbps low-latency network based on the Intel OmniPath technology.
The paper describes the technical details and the performances of MARCONI, one of the largest HPC OmniPath based infrastructure.
This article describes machining technology of polyhedral surfaces with varying profile, which is provided by planetary motion of multiblade block tools. The features of the technology and urgency of ...the problem is indicated. The purpose of the study is to determine the minimum value of the clearance angle of the tool. Also, the study is carried out about changing the value of the front and rear corners during the formation of polygonal surface using a planetary gear. The scheme of calculating the impact of various factors on the value of the minimum clearance angle of the tool and kinematic front and rear corners of the instrument is provided. The mathematical formula for calculating the minimum clearance angle of the tool is given. Also, given the formula for determining the front and rear corners of the tool during driving. This study can be used in the calculation of the design operations forming multifaceted external surfaces with a variable profile by using the planetary gear.
The design of an automated setup for depositing functional polymers on the surfaces of gas-sensitive solid-state sensors is described. It is based on the irrigation method, which is the most ...effective technique. The results of experiments on the deposition of films of functional polymers on the surface of a sensor on surface acoustic waves with an operating frequency of 170 MHz are presented. It is shown that the use of the developed equipment makes it possible to reduce the spread of the characteristics of the obtained sensors, in particular, in the initial mass load from 9.9 to 2.8%, and also to improve the static and dynamic characteristics of the sensors.
Introduction. The structure of the transport logistics system for the transportation of container transformers in an urbanized environment to optimize production costs with elements of intelligent ...urban mobility, as well as the simulation software for modeling and testing the developed system, are described. The basic principles of the interaction between elements of the system are presented through the behavioral modeling of containers and carriers.Software is created to simulate the operation of the logistics infrastructure for transformer containers using wireless technology and the Internet of Things; and services for the rapid information exchange between participants (objects and subjects) of this process are implemented.
Materials and Methods. A general method of organizing a network with a web server and a mobile client, as well as the basic principle of interaction between the server and the client, is described. The basics of developing a simulator designed to simulate all possible states of a container transformer are specified.
Results. A common system architecture and a simulator are created for the software debugging and testing under the organization of a single space to monitor and optimize cargo transportation using “smart” container transformers while providing transport services to the population and legal entities in an urban environment.
Discussion and Conclusions. The developed simulator as part of the information system provides speeding up the creation, debugging and testing of the software for solving logistics problems in the transport sector.
The results of studying the geological and archaeological traces of the strong earthquakes on Cape Zyuk where the ancient settlement existed from the turn of the 6th to the 5th centuries B.C. to the ...first-third–middle of the 6th century A.D. are presented. The detailed knowledge gained on this monument allowed us to compile the timeline of the strong earthquakes for the past 2500 years. The detection of the seismotectonic deformation of the Late Holocene sediments indicates that the rupture of the source of a strong earthquake at Cape Zyuk extended to the surface. The dating of this event is constrained by the upper age of the second half of the 4th century B.C. to the beginning of the third century B.C. The previous event is dated to before the turn of the 6th–5th centuries B.C. Besides these events, there were presumably another four earthquakes in 63 B.C., before the second half of the 4th century B.C., in the first third to the mid-6th century A.D., and in the 18th century. Presumably Cape Zyuk was struck by four or five strong earthquakes during the past 2500 years. The lack of information about the earthquakes between the 6th and 18th centuries, i.e., during more than a 1000-year period, can probably be related to both the long period of quiescence between seismic activations and to the incompleteness of the collected data.
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