Superconducting cables can transmit large electricity with compact size. They are expected to be installed in crowded underground at larger city. Actually, some superconducting cables are being ...operated in the world. In order to apply this superconducting cable to network, it is necessary not only to pass the commissioning tests, but also to ensure long-term reliability and to ensure safety in the event of a possible accident. The authors have conducted actual system operation of superconducting cables in Yokohama and have grasped their long-term characteristics. In addition, we have been conducting research on analysis when a short-circuit current flows through a superconducting cable and phenomena when a ground fault occurs. When a short-circuit current flows, it is important how to suppress the temperature rise. For that purpose, it is effective to connect copper wires in parallel with the superconducting conductors. It has been pointed out that the thermal insulation pipes may be destroyed in a ground fault, and it is necessary to take measures when liquid nitrogen leaks to the outside of the cable. This paper reports the items to be considered when applying superconducting cables to the network and the measures in the event of an accident.
•Deep drawability is improved with coating of die.•VC-coated die is suitable for deep drawing of ultra-high strength steel sheets.•TiN-coated die is not suitable for deep drawing of ultra-high ...strength steel sheets.•Quality of deep drawn sheets is influenced by the drawing conditions.
The formability of deep drawn ultra-high strength steel sheets in dies coated with either titanium nitride (TiN) or Vanadium carbide (VC) at different drawing speeds and ironing ratios was investigated. TiN was deposited via chemical vapour deposition and physical vapour deposition (PVD) while thermal diffusion was used for VC deposition. In non-coated dies, seizure occurred on both surfaces of the die and the side wall of the drawn cup irrespective of the deep drawing conditions. The deep drawability is improved with coating of die. Whereas in coated dies, seizure became significant only during deep drawing extreme conditions of 120mm/s for TiN-coated dies; and this was prevented in VC-coated dies across all drawing conditions. The VC-coated die was suitable for deep drawing of ultra-high strength steel sheets. The delayed fractured observed in the ultra-high strength steel cups occurred for a large amount of ironing ratio and drawing speeds; and this can be prevented by appropriate heat treatment.
Attending Holistically Versus Analytically Masuda, Takahiko; Nisbett, Richard E
Journal of personality and social psychology,
11/2001, Letnik:
81, Številka:
5
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Much research indicates that East Asians, more than Americans, explain events with reference to the context. The authors examined whether East Asians also attend to the context more than Americans ...do. In Study 1, Japanese and Americans watched animated vignettes of underwater scenes and reported the contents. In a subsequent recognition test, they were shown previously seen objects as well as new objects, either in their original setting or in novel settings, and then were asked to judge whether they had seen the objects. Study 2 replicated the recognition task using photographs of wildlife. The results showed that the Japanese (a) made more statements about contextual information and relationships than Americans did and (b) recognized previously seen objects more accurately when they saw them in their original settings rather than in the novel settings, whereas this manipulation had relatively little effect on Americans.
Cerium-doped Gd3(Ga, Al)5O12 (GAGG:Ce) is a promising novel scintillator for gamma-ray detectors. While GAGG:Ce has already been implemented in various commercial products, its detailed ...characteristics and response to high-energy particles and gamma rays remain unknown. In particular, knowledge is lacking on the radiation tolerance of this scintillator against the gamma-ray and proton irradiation expected in future space satellite mission applications. In this study, we first investigate the light-yield energy dependence, energy resolution, decay time, radiation tolerance, and afterglow of GAGG:Ce scintillators under various temperature conditions. We find excellent linearity of ±3% between light yields and deposited energy over a wide range of 30–1836 keV; however, a light-yield deficit of more than 10% is observed below 30 keV of deposited gamma ray energy. We confirm that the temperature dependence of the light yield, energy resolution, and scintillation decay time is within 5–20% between −20 and 20 ˆC. We also evaluate the GAGG:Ce activation characteristics under proton irradiation and the light-yield degradation by accumulated dose using a 60Co source. Moreover, we successfully identify various gamma-ray lines due to activation. Finally, we find a substantial afterglow for GAGG:Ce scintillators over a few hours; such an afterglow is only minimally observed in other scintillators such as CsI:Tl and Bi4Ge3O12 (BGO). However, the afterglow can be substantially reduced through additional co-doping with divalent metal ions, such as Mg ions. These results suggest that GAGG:Ce is a promising scintillator with potential application in space satellite missions in the near future.
CeTe
is a unique platform to investigate the itinerant magnetism in a van der Waals (vdW) coupled metal. Despite chemical pressure being a promising route to boost quantum fluctuation in this system, ...a systematic study on the chemical pressure effect on Ce
(4f
) states is absent. Here, we report on the successful growth of a series of Se doped single crystals of CeTe
. We found a fluctuation driven exotic magnetic rotation from the usual easy-axis ordering to an unusual hard-axis ordering. Unlike in localized magnetic systems, near-critical magnetism can increase itinerancy hand-in-hand with enhancing fluctuation of magnetism. Thus, seemingly unstable hard-axis ordering emerges through kinetic energy gain, with the self-consistent observation of enhanced magnetic fluctuation (disorder). As far as we recognize, this order-by-disorder process in fermionic system is observed for the first time within vdW materials. Our finding opens a unique experimental platform for direct visualization of the rich quasiparticle Fermi surface deformation associated with the Fermionic order-by-disorder process. Also, the search for emergent exotic phases by further tuning of quantum fluctuation is suggested as a promising future challenge.
We report on the molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) growth and device characteristics of Ge solar cells. Integrating a Ge bottom cell beneath a lattice-matched triple junction stack grown by MBE could ...enable ultra-high efficiencies without metamorphic growth or wafer bonding. However, a diffused junction cannot be readily formed in Ge by MBE due to the low sticking coefficient of group-V molecules on Ge surfaces. We therefore realized Ge junctions by growth of homo-epitaxial n-Ge on p-Ge wafers within a standard III-V MBE system. We then fabricated Ge solar cells, finding growth temperature and post-growth annealing to be key factors for achieving high efficiency. Open-circuit voltage and fill factor values of ~0.175 V and ~0.59 without a window layer were obtained, both of which are comparable to diffused Ge junctions formed by metal-organic vapor phase epitaxy. We also demonstrate growth of high-quality, single-domain GaAs on the Ge junction, as needed for subsequent growth of III-V subcells, and that the surface passivation afforded by the GaAs layer slightly improves the Ge cell performance.
The tyrosinase inhibitory activity of methanol extracts of the leaves of 39 plant species growing on the seashore of Iriomote island (Okinawa. Japan) was investigated. The extracts of Hibiscus ...tiliaceus, Carex pumila. and Garcinia subelliptica showed potent activity among them. The inhibitors in the extract of Garcinia subelliptica were purified by assay-guided fractionation to give two biflavonoids, These were known compounds (2R,3S-5,7,4 min,5 secN,7 sec,3''',4'''-heptahydroxy tlavanone3-8 sec fiavone and 5,7,4 min,5 sec,7 sec,3''',4'''-heptahydroxy3-8 sec biflavanone), although their strong inhibitory activity toward tyrosinase is revealed for the first time in this work. One of these biflavonoids (2R,3S-5,7,4 min.5 secN,7 secN,3''', 4''',heptahydroxy flavanone3-8 sec flavone) showed much stronger activity (IC sub(50) 2.5 MicroM) than that of kojic acid (IC sub(50) 9.1 MicroM) when L-tyrosine was used as the substrate.
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