Digitalizacija na podeželju v Sloveniji Hauptman, Barbara; Ivanc, Taja; Jelovčan, Matej ...
Dela (Univerza v Ljubljani. Oddelek za geografijo),
12/2023
60
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Digitalizacija podeželja temelji na vzpostavitvi digitalne infrastrukture in uporabi digitalnih orodij. V tem procesu obstajajo med podeželskimi območji pomembne razlike glede razvojnih korakov (npr. ...časovni, investicijski, prostorski vidik vzpostavitve digitalne infrastrukture in orodij) in se oblikujejo digitalni razkoraki (razlike v razpoložljivosti in dostopnosti digitalne infrastrukture, uporabi digitalnih orodij), kar smo preučevali na območju lokalne akcijske skupine (LAS) Od Pohorja do Bohorja. Za vpogled v pragmatični vidik neposrednega uporabnika digitalne infrastrukture in digitalnih orodij smo izvedli spletni anketi, v katerih se je izkazalo, da lokalni prebivalci digitalizacijo večinoma dojemajo pozitivno kot orodje pri vsakodnevnih opravilih, da pozitivno digitalizacijo dojemajo tudi osnovnošolci, pri čemer se zavedajo tudi negativnih plati. Prostorska analiza obstoječe digitalne infrastrukture je pokazala, da je le-ta v večini občin LAS Od Pohorja do Bohorja pomanjkljiva, redke investicije v digitalno infrastrukturo so pogosto omejene na središča občin. Ker je digitalizacija postala sestavni in nemalokrat tudi ključni del sodobnega življenja in dela, smo s pomočjo kritične samorefleksije intervjuvancev na preučevanem območju prepoznali, da ima vsak posameznik drugačno dojemanje, razumevanje in stopnjo uporabe digitalne infrastrukture in digitalnih orodij. Empirično-konceptualne ugotovitve fokusne skupine nakazujejo neučinkovitost državnih organov pri investicijah v digitalno opremljenost, premalo informacijskih vsebin v predmetniku osnovne šole ter veliko vlogo digitalne infrastrukture in digitalnih orodij pri delu in prostem času.
Digitalizacija na podeželju v Sloveniji Barbara Hauptman; Taja Ivanc; Matej Jelovčan ...
Dela (Univerza v Ljubljani. Oddelek za geografijo),
12/2023
60
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Digitalizacija podeželja temelji na vzpostavitvi digitalne infrastrukture in uporabi digitalnih orodij. V tem procesu obstajajo med podeželskimi območji pomembne razlike glede razvojnih korakov (npr. ...časovni, investicijski, prostorski vidik vzpostavitve digitalne infrastrukture in orodij) in se oblikujejo digitalni razkoraki (razlike v razpoložljivosti in dostopnosti digitalne infrastrukture, uporabi digitalnih orodij), kar smo preučevali na območju lokalne akcijske skupine (LAS) Od Pohorja do Bohorja. Za vpogled v pragmatični vidik neposrednega uporabnika digitalne infrastrukture in digitalnih orodij smo izvedli spletni anketi, v katerih se je izkazalo, da lokalni prebivalci digitalizacijo večinoma dojemajo pozitivno kot orodje pri vsakodnevnih opravilih, da pozitivno digitalizacijo dojemajo tudi osnovnošolci, pri čemer se zavedajo tudi negativnih plati. Prostorska analiza obstoječe digitalne infrastrukture je pokazala, da je le-ta v večini občin LAS Od Pohorja do Bohorja pomanjkljiva, redke investicije v digitalno infrastrukturo so pogosto omejene na središča občin. Ker je digitalizacija postala sestavni in nemalokrat tudi ključni del sodobnega življenja in dela, smo s pomočjo kritične samorefleksije intervjuvancev na preučevanem območju prepoznali, da ima vsak posameznik drugačno dojemanje, razumevanje in stopnjo uporabe digitalne infrastrukture in digitalnih orodij. Empirično-konceptualne ugotovitve fokusne skupine nakazujejo neučinkovitost državnih organov pri investicijah v digitalno opremljenost, premalo informacijskih vsebin v predmetniku osnovne šole ter veliko vlogo digitalne infrastrukture in digitalnih orodij pri delu in prostem času.
•Subcritical water extraction of sunflower oil- and water-soluble phase is proposed.•We examined degree of hydrothermal degradation of both phases.•Hydrothermal degradation did not affect oil ...quality, only water soluble extract.•Antioxidant capacity of oil increases drastically at temperatures >100°C.•Hydrothermal degradation of proteins occurs to a lesser degree than carbohydrates.
In this study, the subcritical water extraction is proposed as an alternative and greener processing method for simultaneous removal of oil- and water-soluble phase from sunflower seeds. Extraction kinetics were studied at different temperatures and material/solvent ratios in a batch extractor. Degree of hydrothermal degradation of oils was observed by analysing amount of formed free fatty acids and their antioxidant capacities. Results were compared to oils obtained by conventional methods. Water soluble extracts were analysed for total proteins, carbohydrates and phenolics and some single products of hydrothermal degradation.
Highest amount of oil was obtained at 130°C at a material/solvent ratio of 1/20g/mL after 30min of extraction. For all obtained oils minimal degree of hydrothermal degradation could be identified. High antioxidant capacities of oil samples could be observed. Water soluble extracts were degraded at temperatures ⩾100°C, producing various products of hydrothermal degradation.
The model glycoside compound quercetin-3-O-rutinoside (rutin) was subjected to subcritical water within the temperature range of 120–220 °C, and the hydrothermal degradation products were analyzed. ...Two kinetic models describing the degradation of this compound in two different atmospheres (N2 and CO2), used for pressure establishment in the reactor, have been developed and compared. Reaction was considered a successive one with three irreversible steps. We confirmed that rutin degradation to quercetin follows first-order kinetics. At higher temperatures quercetin is further degraded in two degradation steps. Formations of 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid and catechol were described with the zero-order kinetic models. Reaction rate constants for hydrolysis of glycoside to aglycone in a CO2 atmosphere are higher compared to those in a N2 atmosphere, whereas at higher temperatures reaction rate constants for further two successive reactions of aglycone degradation are slightly lower in the presence of CO2. The difference in reaction activation energies is practically negligible for both gases. Furthermore, degradation products of sugar moieties, that is, 5-hydroxymethylfurfural and 5-methylfurfural, were also detected and analyzed.
Elevated expression of the immunoproteasome has been associated with autoimmune diseases, inflammatory diseases, and various types of cancer. Selective inhibitors of the immunoproteasome are not only ...scarce, but also almost entirely restricted to peptide‐based compounds. Herein, we describe nonpeptidic reversible inhibitors that selectively block the chymotrypsin‐like (β5i) subunit of the human immunoproteasome in the low micromolar range. The most potent of the reversibly acting compounds were then converted into covalent, irreversible, nonpeptidic inhibitors that retained selectivity for the β5i subunit. In addition, these inhibitors discriminate between the immunoproteasome and the constitutive proteasome in cell‐based assays. Along with their lack of cytotoxicity, these data point to these nonpeptidic compounds being suitable for further investigation as β5i‐selective probes for possible application in noncancer diseases related to the immunoproteasome.
Small and mighty: Nonpeptidic reversible inhibitors that selectively block the chymotrypsin‐like (β5i) subunit of the human immunoproteasome were discovered, and derivatives that act irreversibly through covalent inhibition were designed. These small‐molecule inhibitors display high subunit selectivity and no cytotoxicity, and they discriminate between the immunoproteasome and the constitutive proteasome in cell‐based assays.
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•Subcritical water is used as reaction medium to hydrolyze rutin into quercetin.•Optimization of reaction parametes is perfomed using response surface methodology.•The maximum ...obtained quercetin yield is 89.11±0.55%.•Addition of CO2 to subcritical water increases the amount of formed quercetin.•Higher amount of 5-HMF is formed from disaccharide with addition of CO2 to water.
In this study, subcritical water has been used as a medium for hydrolyzing the glycoside bonded antioxidant quercetin-3-O-rutinoside (rutin) into its free aglycone form. Effect of temperature, treatment time, rutin concentration and the atmosphere used for establishing the pressure in the reactor was studied and the optimal combination of reaction parameters was established using response surface methodology in a 3×3 Box-Behnken design. Optimal reaction conditions were found to be a temperature of 196°C, time of 12.35min, rutin concentration of 1.08mg/mL and CO2 atmosphere at pressure of 215bar. Since high-temperature was applied, possibility of formation of hydrothermal degradation products existed, therefore total amounts of degraded quercetin and formed 5-hydroxymethylfurfural were determined. Results show that near the optimal conditions, practically all rutin is hydrolyzed. Quercetin degradation is unavoidable, although the effect can be minimized by increasing the CO2 pressure, but simultaneously that benefits to the formation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural.
The multi-target-directed ligands (MTDLs) strategy is encouraged for the development of novel modulators targeting multiple pathways in the neurodegenerative cascade typical for Alzheimer’s disease ...(AD). Based on the structure of an in-house irreversible monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B) inhibitor, we aimed to introduce a carbamate moiety on the aromatic ring to impart cholinesterase (ChE) inhibition, and to furnish multifunctional ligands targeting two enzymes that are intricately involved in AD pathobiology. In this study, we synthesized three dual hMAO-B/hBChE inhibitors 13–15, with compound 15 exhibiting balanced, low micromolar inhibition of hMAO-B (IC50 of 4.3 µM) and hBChE (IC50 of 8.5 µM). The docking studies and time-dependent inhibition of hBChE confirmed the initial expectation that the introduced carbamate moiety is responsible for covalent inhibition. Therefore, dual-acting compound 15 represents an excellent starting point for further optimization of balanced MTDLs
The main aim of this study was to evaluate pressurized hot water as a green and environmentally friendly extraction medium for the isolation of phenolic compounds from larch waste wood. Such isolates ...could find applications in the food, feed, pharmaceutical and cosmetics industries or as natural ingredients for adhesives or biocidal coatings in the wood industry. In the first step different larch wood fractions were extracted using batch system aiming to determine the most suitable fraction for isolation. The content of extractives, total phenolic and tannin content of obtained extracts and their antioxidant activity were evaluated. Secondly, semi-continuous operation was applied, where effects of temperature, addition of ethanol and flow rate were studied. Extraction yield was monitored and extracts were again analyzed for their total phenolic content and antioxidant activity. HPLC analysis was performed, in order to study the effect of temperature and addition of ethanol on the hydrothermal degradation of phenolics during semi-continuous operation. Finally, the economics of pilot-scale and industrial-scale processes with different extractor capacities, ranging from approximately 12 to 1200 kg of woody material per day and operating at optimal conditions for isolation of larch wood extractives was evaluated, in order to determine the cost of manufacturing of such a product.
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•Industrial spruce bark wastes were used as a source of natural phenolic compounds.•A two steps extraction was applied to fractionate lipophilics by phenolics.•Extractions were ...performed using ethanol-water mixtures (70%) as SCCO2 modifier.•Yields of total phenolics, tannins and flavonoids at different conditions were studied.•The recovered extracts present high antioxidant activity against DPPH radical.
The aim of this study was to investigate the possibility of isolating bioactive phenolics compounds from spruce bark (Picea abies), using sub- and supercritical fluids. In order to improve the yields and to assure a higher recovery of the phenolic compounds, in the first part of this study, extraction of lipophilic compounds was performed using only supercritical (SC) CO2 as solvent. Amount of obtained lipophilic compounds was quantified. In the second step, to the SCCO2 a cosolvent was added, namely 70% (v/v) aqueous ethanol, in order to isolate the bioactive phenolic compounds more efficiently. Effect of temperature, pressure and cosolvent flow rate on the yield of phenolic compounds was observed, at 40–60°C, 100–200bar and at 1.2mL/min and 2.5mL/min, respectively. Obtained extracts were analysed for their total phenolics (TPC), tannins (TTC) and flavonoids (TFC) content, as well as their antioxidant activity using UV–vis spectrophotometric methods. The maximum extraction yield of phenolic compounds (30.46±1.20)% was achieved at 100bar pressure and 40°C and the determined total phenolics content was 314.49mg/g dry extract, the total flavonoids content was 100.67mg/g dry extract and the total tannins content was 26.38mg/g dry extract. Additionally, the content of different phenolic compounds, typically found in woody biomass was assessed using high pressure liquid chromatography, ferulic acid and p-coumaric acid being the two major quantifiable phenolic compounds identified. Lastly, the consumption of solvents for production of kg of product with highest possible purity was determined and discussed.
Accumulating evidence indicates a solid relationship between several enzymes and Alzheimer's disease. Cholinesterases and monoamine oxidases are closely associated with the disease symptomatology and ...progression and have been tackled simultaneously using several multifunctional ligands. This design strategy offers great chances to alter the course of Alzheimer's disease, in addition to alleviation of the symptoms. More than 15 years of research has led to the identification of various dual cholinesterase/monoamine oxidase inhibitors, while some showing positive outcomes in clinical trials, thus giving rise to additional research efforts in the field. The aim of this review is to provide an update on the novel dual inhibitors identified recently and to shed light on their therapeutic potential.
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