A Compton camera is being developed for the purpose of ion-range monitoring during hadrontherapy via the detection of prompt-gamma rays. The system consists of a scintillating fiber beam tagging ...hodoscope, a stack of double sided silicon strip detectors (90 Â 90 Â 2 mm 3 , 2 Â 64 strips) as scatter detectors, as well as bismuth germanate (BGO) scintillation detectors (38 Â 35 Â 30 mm 3 , 100 blocks) as absorbers. The individual components will be described, together with the status of their characterization.
Abstract We present in this paper a new sensor called PICMIC-0 that is intended to exploit the intrinsic spatial resolution of the MicroChannel Plate (MCP) detectors. Manufactured using 6-metal ...TowerJazz 180 nm wafer technology, the sensor features hexagonal charge collection pixels on the top metal layer with a pitch of 5 μm and covering an area of 7.4 × 6.4 mm 2 . The 2 million of the pixels of this sensor are not read out individually. Each pixel is connected to a straight-line in either 0°, 120° or -120° orientation, in which a current is produced in case of a hit. Each of these readout strip-lines is connected to a readout cell which receives this current, amplifies it using a current mirror and converts it into a digital signal by means of a current comparator. The data is collected from the digital outputs of the readout cells using a priority encoder readout scheme and transmitted in frames of 400 ns. This projective readout system reduces the number of channels to be read out from 2 million pixels to 2556 readout cells integrated within the pixel matrix. Using three projections reduces the ambiguity in case of multiple hits.
Abstract
A top-down methodology is proposed to design
Phase-Locked-Loops (PLL) using behavioural and transistor-level
simulation in two cases: Ring-Oscillator (RO) and LC Tank Oscillator
(LCTO) with ...the aim to achieve a low-jitter PLL clock generator in
130 nm process. The optimization of these two PLLs is obtained in
three steps. The first one is to design a model in Verilog-A of each
block with its intrinsic jitter parameter. Each block is simulated
alone to verify the nature of its intrinsic jitter: Frequency
Modulation jitter (FM jitter) or Phase Modulation jitter (PM
jitter). The second step is to place each of these blocks in a
global schematic to obtain a full behavioural PLL. In this way, one
can study the PLL operation and check the effect of each block's
jitter on the PLL output. The third step is to use the intrinsic FM
jitter or PM jitter values to simulate at the transistor level of
each block individually and then all of them together. To evaluate
the loop bandwidth and the loop stability of each of the two PLLs, a
linearized PLL is designed using ideal sources. This approach is
important to check the compatibility of each block in terms of
jitter and bandwidth with respect to the target PLL performance. The
optimization results are used to design and produce two
PLLs. Measurements of these two are found to have an absolute time
jitter of the order of 2 ps rms.
A large prototype of 1.3m3 was designed and built as a demonstrator of the semi-digital hadronic calorimeter (SDHCAL) concept proposed for the future ILC experiments. The prototype is a sampling ...hadronic calorimeter of 48 units. Each unit is built of an active layer made of 1m2 Glass Resistive Plate Chamber(GRPC) detector placed inside a cassette whose walls are made of stainless steel. The cassette contains also the electronics used to read out the GRPC detector. The lateral granularity of the active layer is provided by the electronics pick-up pads of 1cm2 each. The cassettes are inserted into a self-supporting mechanical structure built also of stainless steel plates which, with the cassettes walls, play the role of the absorber. The prototype was designed to be very compact and important efforts were made to minimize the number of services cables to optimize the efficiency of the Particle Flow Algorithm techniques to be used in the future ILC experiments. The different components of the SDHCAL prototype were studied individually and strict criteria were applied for the final selection of these components. Basic calibration procedures were performed after the prototype assembling. The prototype is the first of a series of new-generation detectors equipped with a power-pulsing mode intended to reduce the power consumption of this highly granular detector. A dedicated acquisition system was developed to deal with the output of more than 440000 electronics channels in both trigger and triggerless modes. After its completion in 2011, the prototype was commissioned using cosmic rays and particles beams at CERN.
The CALICE Semi-Digital Hadronic Calorimeter (SDHCAL) prototype, built in 2011, was exposed to beams of hadrons, electrons and muons in two short periods in 2012 on two different beam lines of the ...CERN SPS. The prototype with its 48 active layers, made of Glass Resistive Plate Chambers and their embedded readout electronics, was run in triggerless and power-pulsing mode. The performance of the SDHCAL during the test beam was found to be very satisfactory with an efficiency exceeding 90% for almost all of the 48 active layers. A linear response (within + or - 5%) and a good energy resolution are obtained for a large range of hadronic energies (5-80 GeV) by applying appropriate calibration coefficients to the collected data for both the Digital (Binary) and the Semi-Digital (Multi-threshold) modes of the SDHCAL prototype. The Semi-Digital mode shows better performance at energies exceeding 30 GeV.
Abstract
The 3×1×1 m
3
demonstrator is a dual phase liquid argon time projection chamber that has recorded cosmic rays events in 2017 at CERN. The light signal in these detectors is crucial to ...provide precise timing capabilities. The performance of the photon detection system, composed of five PMTs, are discussed. The collected scintillation and electroluminescence light created by passing particles has been studied in various detector conditions. In particular, the scintillation light production and propagation processes have been analyzed and compared to simulations, improving the understanding of some liquid argon properties.
Abstract
The CALICE Semi-Digital Hadronic CALorimeter (SDHCAL) is the
first technological prototype in a family of high-granularity
calorimeters developed by the CALICE Collaboration to equip the
...experiments of future lepton colliders. The SDHCAL is a sampling
calorimeter using stainless steel for absorber and Glass Resistive
Plate Chambers (GRPC) as a sensitive medium. The GRPC are read out
by 1 cm× 1 cm pickup pads combined to a
multi-electronics. The prototype was exposed to hadron beams in
both the CERN PS and the SPS beamlines in 2015 allowing the test of
the SDHCAL in a large energy range from 3 GeV to 80 GeV. After
introducing the method used to select the hadrons of our data and
reject the muon and electron contamination, we present the energy
reconstruction approach that we apply to the data collected from
both beamlines and we discuss the response linearity and the energy
resolution of the SDHCAL. The results obtained in the two beamlines
confirm the excellent SDHCAL performance observed with the data
collected with the same prototype in the SPS beamline in 2012. They
also show the stability of the SDHCAL in different beam conditions
and different time periods.
The CMS experiment, located at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) in CERN, has a redundant muon system composed by three different gaseous detector technologies: Cathode Strip Chambers (in the forward ...regions), Drift Tubes (in the central region), and Resistive Plate Chambers (both its central and forward regions). All three are used for muon reconstruction and triggering. The CMS RPC system confers robustness and redundancy to the muon trigger. The RPC system operation in the challenging background and pileup conditions of the LHC environment is presented. The RPC system provides information to all muon track finders and thus contributing to both muon trigger and reconstruction. The summary of the detector performance results obtained with proton-proton collision at s=13 TeV during 2016 and 2017 data taking have been presented. The stability of the system is presented in terms of efficiency and cluster size vs time and increasing instantaneous luminosity. Data-driven predictions about the expected performance during High Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) stage have been reported.
The CALICE Semi-Digital Hadronic CALorimeter (SDHCAL) prototype using Glass Resistive Plate Chambers as a sensitive medium is the first technological prototype of a family of high-granularity ...calorimeters developed by the CALICE collaboration to equip the experiments of future leptonic colliders. It was exposed to beams of hadrons, electrons and muons several times in the CERN PS and SPS beamlines between 2012 and 2018. We present here a new method of particle identification within the SDHCAL using the Boosted Decision Trees (BDT) method applied to the data collected in 2015. The performance of the method is tested first with Geant4-based simulated events and then on the data collected by the SDHCAL in the energy range between 10 and 80 GeV with 10 GeV energy steps. The BDT method is then used to reject the electrons and muons that contaminate the SPS hadron beams. The rejection power of the new method is estimated to be as high as 99.0% for the muons and 99.4% for the electrons associated to a pion selection efficiency of about 95.0%.
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