Purpose
Cancer-related fatigue (CRF) is a common side effect of cancer and cancer treatment that significantly impairs the quality of life and can persist for years after treatment completion. ...Although fatigue is often associated with cancer treatment, it is also a result of the disease itself, even before intervention. CRF at the time of diagnosis may affect treatment timing or completion and is a consistent predictor of post-treatment fatigue at any time. The mechanisms underlying CRF are multidimensional and not well understood, particularly at the time of diagnosis.
Methods
Sixty-five breast cancer patients at the time of diagnosis were included. The participants completed self-assessment questionnaires about CRF, sleep disturbances, and emotional symptoms and wore an accelerometer to assess levels of spontaneous physical activity and sleep quality. During the experimental session, the participants underwent cognitive, neuromuscular, and exercise metabolism evaluations.
Results
Using augmented backward elimination regression, this study found that emotional symptoms and perceived sleep disturbances were the strongest predictors of CRF (adjusted
r
2
= 0.51). Neuromuscular fatigability and sleep disturbance were also associated with physical dimensions, whereas cognitive performance was associated with cognitive dimensions.
Conclusion
At the time of diagnosis, emotional and cognitive dimensions are over-represented compared to the general population, and specific subdimensions have specific predictors that support the idea of distinct mechanisms. Evaluating CRF subdimensions and their potential mechanisms at the time of diagnosis would be particularly relevant for identifying high-risk patients and offering them appropriate interventions.
Trial registration
This study was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04391543) in May, 2020.
to explore the psychological outcomes of occupational exposure to maternal death and the coping methods used by midwives working in rural areas.
maternal deaths are common in rural areas of ...developing countries because of the shortages of human and other resources needed for maternity services. When maternal deaths occur, midwives often experience emotional distress while striving to perform their work. This may have a negative impact on their well-being.
Descriptive design. A self-administered questionnaire in the English language, comprising the Death Distress Scale and Brief COPE Scale, was used to collect data from 238 midwives working in two rural districts of Uganda.
the majority of participants were female (81%) and had a diploma in midwifery (36%). Mean age and years of professional experience were 34 standard deviation (SD) 6.3 years and three (SD 1.3) years, respectively. The majority of participants (94%) had witnessed a maternal death. The results from the Death Distress Scale showed that the majority of midwives who had witnessed a maternal death had moderate to high death anxiety (93%), mild to moderate death obsession (71%) and mild death depression (53%). Most midwives coped with their distress using methods such as active coping, venting, positive reframing, self-distraction and planning.
midwifery educational programmes and work settings need to understand the importance of maternal death from the midwives׳ perspective and their ability to cope with this detrimental experience.
there is a need for midwifery practice settings to provide respite care, education on coping with death experiences and counselling after traumatic experiences in order to maintain the well-being of midwives. As occupational exposure to maternal death can have a negative effect on the well-being of midwives, this can affect their professional quality of life and clinical practice.
•Psychological outcomes and coping methods from occupational exposure to maternal death.•Recurrent occupational exposure to maternal death negatively impacts well-being.•Competency based training skills in midwifery is critical in reducing maternal death.•Counselling, respite care, and coping after traumatic experiences will maintain well-being.
To evaluate correlation between metabolic and textural parameters on baseline 18F-FDG PET/CT and pathological response after neoadjuvant chemotherapy in non-metastatic triple negative breast cancer ...(TNBC).
All consecutive non-metastatic TNBC women treated by neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by breast surgery who underwent 18F-FDG PET/CT examination at diagnosis between 2012 and 2018 were retrospectively included. Metabolic parameters (SUVmax, SUVmean, SUVpeak, MTV, TLG) of the primary tumour and lymph nodes, and textural features (entropy, homogeneity, SRE, LRE, LGZE, HGZE) of the primary tumour were collected. Pathological response was defined according to Sataloff classification.
Seventy-four patients were enrolled. In univariate analysis, metabolic and textural features of the primary breast lesion or metabolic parameters of regional lymph nodes were not predictive of pathological complete response after neoadjuvant chemotherapy.
Metabolic and textural features of baseline PET/CT do not seem to predict pathological response after neoadjuvant chemotherapy in non-metastatic triple negative breast cancer.
Étudier la corrélation entre les paramètres métaboliques et de texture de la TEP-TDM au 18F-FDG initiale et la réponse histologique après chimiothérapie néoadjuvante chez les patientes atteintes d’un cancer du sein triple négatif non métastatique.
Toutes les patientes traitées par chimiothérapie néoadjuvante puis opérées dans le cadre de la prise en charge d’un cancer du sein triple négatif non métastatique et ayant bénéficié d’un bilan initial par TEP-TDM au 18F-FDG entre janvier 2012 et décembre 2018 ont été incluses rétrospectivement. Les paramètres métaboliques (SUVmax, SUVmean, SUVpeak, MTV, TLG) de la tumeur mammaire primitive et de l’atteinte ganglionnaire régionale, ainsi que les paramètres de texture (entropie, homogénéité, SRE, LRE, LGZE, HGZE) de la tumeur mammaire primitive, ont été recueillis. La réponse histologique a été évaluée selon la classification de Sataloff.
Soixante quatorze patientes ont été incluses. En analyse univariée, aucun paramètre métabolique ou de texture de la tumeur mammaire primitive ni aucun paramètre métabolique de l’atteinte ganglionnaire régionale n’était prédictif de la réponse histologique complète après chimiothérapie néoadjuvante.
Les paramètres métaboliques et de texture de la TEP-TDM initiale ne semblent pas prédictifs de la réponse thérapeutique après chimiothérapie néoadjuvante chez les patientes atteintes d’un cancer du sein triple négatif non métastatique.
Décrire et préciser le rôle de la manipulatrice dans la prise en charge de patients traités en NRI.
De mars 2002 à décembre 2003, 165 patients ont été traités par embolisation pour des pathologies ...vasculaires ou tumorales cérébrales ou médullaires, ou de la tête et du cou. Deux manipulatrices ont participé aux procédures interventionnelles : l’une à la console d’acquisition et de traitement d’images, l’autre jouant à la table d’angiographie le rôle d’instrumentise opératoire.
Les deux manipulatrices en charge de l’examen préparent le matériel nécessaire à la procédure, acceuillent le patient, l’installent et le préparent pour son examen. La manipulatrice « console » s’occupera des données techniques d’acquisition et de traitement d’images, et fournira le matériel demandé par le neuroradiologue au cours de l’examen. La manipulatrice « instrumentiste » participera activement à l’intervention en tant qu’assistante opératoire afin de faciliter celui-ci, le rendre plus rapide, plus harmonieux, plus efficace et sûr (manipulation des tubes et amplis, préparation des embols et des cathéters, etc…). Il s’ensuit une intégration plus grande de son rôle dans le geste lui-même. Des exemples de traitement d’anévrysmes, de MAV cérébrales et médullaires, de tumeurs seront montrés et expliqueront le rôle de la manipulatrice de façon plus précise.
La participation active de la manipulatrice à l’embolisation permet un déroulement plus favorable du geste endovasculaire, le rend plus intéressant et assure un perfectionnement du personnel paramédical en le professionnalisant de façon complémentaire.
The purine analogues tenofovir and abacavir are precursors of potential substrates for the enzyme Inosine 5'-triphosphate pyrophosphohydrolase (ITPase). Here, we investigated the association of ...ITPase activity and ITPA genotype with the occurrence of adverse events (AEs) during combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. In 393 adult HIV-seropositive patients, AEs were defined as events that led to stop of cART regimen. ITPase activity ≥4 mmol IMP/mmol Hb/hour was considered as normal. ITPA genotype was determined by testing two ITPA polymorphisms: c.94C>A (p.Pro32Thr, rs1127354) and c.124+21A>C (rs7270101). Logistic regression analysis determined odds ratios for developing AEs. In tenofovir-containing regimens decreased ITPase activity was associated with less AEs (p = 0.01) and longer regimen duration (p = 0.001). In contrast, in abacavir-containing regimens decreased ITPase activity was associated with more AEs (crude p = 0.02) and increased switching of medication due to AEs (p = 0.03). ITPA genotype wt/wt was significantly associated with an increase in the occurrence of AEs in tenofovir-containing regimens. Decreased ITPase activity seems to be protective against occurrence of AEs in tenofovir-containing cART, while it is associated with an increase in AEs in abacavir-containing regimens.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Although there have been numerous studies on the development of allergen-induced inflammation, the mechanisms leading to resolution of inflammation remain poorly understood. This represents an ...important consideration because failure to resolve allergen driven inflammation potentially leads to irreversible airway remodeling, characteristic of chronic asthma.
We investigated the resolution of allergic inflammation and identified the factors responsible.
BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice were sensitized to ovalbumin and challenged through the airways to induce allergic inflammation. Mice were analyzed at 24 hours and 7 days after the final challenge.
Airway hyperreactivity (AHR) and increased mucus production were present 7 days after the cessation of allergen challenge in BALB/c mice. Persisting AHR correlated with the continued presence of Th2 cells but not eosinophils in the lungs. The role of Th2 cells in maintaining AHR was confirmed using blocking antibodies against T1/ST2, IL-4, and IL-13 during the resolution period. Moreover, AHR in the "Th1 type" C57BL/6 mouse strain was resolved 1 week after allergen challenge, concomitant with clearance of Th2 cells from the lung. Expression of the T1/ST2 ligand, IL-33, also correlated with maintenance of AHR.
We have used blockade of Th2 function and strain differences to show for the first time that resolution of allergic inflammation and AHR may be dependent on the T1/ST2-IL-33 pathway and the presence of Th2 cells, suggesting they are necessary not only for the development of an allergic response but also for its maintenance.
COVID-19 induces haemocytometric changes. Complete blood count changes, including new cell activation parameters, from 982 confirmed COVID-19 adult patients from 11 European hospitals were ...retrospectively analysed for distinctive patterns based on age, gender, clinical severity, symptom duration, and hospital days. The observed haemocytometric patterns formed the basis to develop a multi-haemocytometric-parameter prognostic score to predict, during the first three days after presentation, which patients will recover without ventilation or deteriorate within a two-week timeframe, needing intensive care or with fatal outcome. The prognostic score, with ROC curve AUC at baseline of 0.753 (95% CI 0.723-0.781) increasing to 0.875 (95% CI 0.806-0.926) on day 3, was superior to any individual parameter at distinguishing between clinical severity. Findings were confirmed in a validation cohort. Aim is that the score and haemocytometry results are simultaneously provided by analyser software, enabling wide applicability of the score as haemocytometry is commonly requested in COVID-19 patients.
The Concise Guide to PHARMACOLOGY 2019/20 is the fourth in this series of biennial publications. The Concise Guide provides concise overviews of the key properties of nearly 1800 human drug targets ...with an emphasis on selective pharmacology (where available), plus links to the open access knowledgebase source of drug targets and their ligands (www.guidetopharmacology.org), which provides more detailed views of target and ligand properties. Although the Concise Guide represents approximately 400 pages, the material presented is substantially reduced compared to information and links presented on the website. It provides a permanent, citable, point‐in‐time record that will survive database updates. The full contents of this section can be found at http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.14752. Enzymes are one of the six major pharmacological targets into which the Guide is divided, with the others being: G protein‐coupled receptors, ion channels, nuclear hormone receptors, catalytic receptors and transporters. These are presented with nomenclature guidance and summary information on the best available pharmacological tools, alongside key references and suggestions for further reading. The landscape format of the Concise Guide is designed to facilitate comparison of related targets from material contemporary to mid‐2019, and supersedes data presented in the 2017/18, 2015/16 and 2013/14 Concise Guides and previous Guides to Receptors and Channels. It is produced in close conjunction with the International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology Committee on Receptor Nomenclature and Drug Classification (NC‐IUPHAR), therefore, providing official IUPHAR classification and nomenclature for human drug targets, where appropriate.
The Concise Guide to PHARMACOLOGY 2021/22 is the fifth in this series of biennial publications. The Concise Guide provides concise overviews, mostly in tabular format, of the key properties of nearly ...1900 human drug targets with an emphasis on selective pharmacology (where available), plus links to the open access knowledgebase source of drug targets and their ligands (www.guidetopharmacology.org), which provides more detailed views of target and ligand properties. Although the Concise Guide constitutes over 500 pages, the material presented is substantially reduced compared to information and links presented on the website. It provides a permanent, citable, point‐in‐time record that will survive database updates. The full contents of this section can be found at http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/bph.15539. Ion channels are one of the six major pharmacological targets into which the Guide is divided, with the others being: G protein‐coupled receptors, nuclear hormone receptors, catalytic receptors, enzymes and transporters. These are presented with nomenclature guidance and summary information on the best available pharmacological tools, alongside key references and suggestions for further reading. The landscape format of the Concise Guide is designed to facilitate comparison of related targets from material contemporary to mid‐2021, and supersedes data presented in the 2019/20, 2017/18, 2015/16 and 2013/14 Concise Guides and previous Guides to Receptors and Channels. It is produced in close conjunction with the Nomenclature and Standards Committee of the International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology (NC‐IUPHAR), therefore, providing official IUPHAR classification and nomenclature for human drug targets, where appropriate.
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