Obesity, linked to chronic diseases, poses a global health challenge. While the role of the olfactory system in energy homeostasis is well-documented in rodents, its role in metabolism regulation and ...obesity in humans remains understudied. This review examines the interplay between olfactory function and metabolic alterations in human obesity and the effects of bariatric surgery on olfactory capabilities in humans. Adhering to PRISMA guidelines, a systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted, focusing exclusively on original human studies. From 51 articles, 14 were selected for the meta-analysis. It was found that variations in olfactory receptor genes influence the susceptibility to odors and predisposition to weight gain and poor eating habits. Bariatric surgery, particularly sleeve gastrectomy, shows significant improvements in olfactory function (SMD 2.37, 95% CI 0.96, 3.77, I = 92%,
= 0.001), especially regarding the olfactory threshold (SMD -1.65, 95% CI -3.03, -0.27, I = 81%,
= 0.02). There is a bidirectional relationship between olfactory function and metabolism in humans. Bariatric surgery improves olfactory perception in obese patients, but it is still unclear if impacting the olfactory system directly affects eating behavior and the energy balance. However, these findings open novel avenues for future studies addressing the olfactory system as a novel target to alter systemic metabolism in humans.
AIMSA number of reports have illustrated the barriers that the war in Ukraine puts to diabetes care. While their recommendations are valuable for glycemic control and the prevention or early ...detection of life - threatening diabetes complications, such as hypoglycemia and ketoacidosis, the discourse on diabetic foot is limited. This letter emphasizes the implications of the war in diabetic foot care and discusses potential solutions. METHODSThe authors searched peer - reviewed and grey literature to identify records related to the prevalence of diabetic foot in Ukraine and the standards of care before and after the invasion of Ukraine. RESULTSThousands of people in Ukraine sustain diabetic foot ulcers and, thus, are at high risk for lower limb amputations due to the limited access to healthcare services in the country. If not addressed, disability associated with chronic ulcers and amputations can severely affect individual and public health in Ukraine. Strengthening primary and remote care, educating people on self - care and providing adequate supplies for the management of diabetic foot have a major potential to prevent amputations, disability and death. CONCLUSIONSProviding adequate diabetic foot care in Ukraine and other regions tormented by armed conflicts is vital for the health of the local population and the potential of the affected countries to recover after the crisis.
The armed forces of the Russian Federation captured the Zaporizhzhia Nuclear Power Station after their invasion to Ukraine in February 2022. In early August 2022, reports about shelling of the ...station ignited fear of a nuclear accident. Simultaneously, the disruption in the generation of electricity from nuclear energy has fueled a notable increase in the price of oil. The compounding effect of these developments on global health includes acute and chronic radiation exposure, food insecurity due to the potential contamination of the environment and the rise in the cost of essential commodities, and limited access to healthcare. International and national governance bodies need to take action in order to mitigate the effects of this incident on health and prevent similar events in the future.
As of the 24th of February 2022, the war in Ukraine has increased the risk for infectious diseases outbreaks in the country and beyond. The disruption of healthcare services, the destruction of ...critical infrastructure, the displacement of millions of civilians and the crowded living conditions in bunkers pose a formiddable threat to public health. Infections are emphasized due to the low rates of vaccination against COVID-19 and the high prevalence of chronic infections such as Tuberculosis and HIV/AIDS in Ukraine compared to the WHO Europe region. Collaboration between authorities and humanitatian organizations is necessary, in order to strengthen epidemiological surveillance and deploy vital resources that are required for the prevention and the management of infections.
Objective: Elevated inflammation markers play important role in vessels damage and remodeling in patients with hypertension. However, the data are limited concerning the association between blood ...pressure circadian rhythm and inflammation status, especially in early changes of a pattern of blood pressure circadian rhythm in normotensive subjects. The aim of the work was to study the connection between dipper and non-dipper patterns of blood pressure circadian variation and inflammatory markers in normotensive and hypertensive subjects. Design and method: The cross-sectional study included 125 hypertensive patients (54 men) with an age median of 56,5 45.0 ÷ 63.7 years old and 41 normotensive subjects 52,1 41.5 ÷ 61.2 years old. All hypertensive patients had been on stable antihypertensive therapy during the last three months and had target blood pressure at the moment of inclusion to the study. Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring was done to all patients with Heaco ABPM50 monitoring. Fasting glucose, blood lipids, creatinine, uric acid, high sensitive C-reactive protein (hCRP), and interleukin 1 beta (IL-1B) were measured. Physical activity was assessed using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. Data were analyzed with SPSS IBM 19.0. Results: Parameters of ambulatory blood pressure monitoring are presented in the table1 1. Normotensive subjects had lower BMI than hypertensive patients (26,1 23,5–28,4 vs 35,3 31,0–37,9), p = 0.03, Mann-Whitney). It was found out that hCRP was significantly higher in a non-dipper subgroup of hypertensive patients (7.433.26–11.45 vs 9.507.70–15.87, p = 0.01, Mann-Whitney) as well as in the non-dipper subgroup of normotensive patients (2.370.97–4.75 vs 2.871.84–523, p = 0,03, Mann-Whitney). There was no significant difference in interleukin-1b level in dipper and non-dipper normotensive patients (2.10 1.63–2.65 vs 1.8 1.55–2.10, p = 4.13, Mann-Whitney). However, in hypertensive patients with non-dipper patterns, interleukin-1b was significantly higher, than in dipper patients (2.21 1.62–2.77 vs 2.26 2.0–3.11, p = 0.03, Mann-Whitney). Conclusions: Non-dipper pattern of blood pressure circadian rhythm is associated with increased inflammatory markers in hypertensive patients as well as in normotensive subjects.
Apart from surgical procedures, lighting, air-conditioning, and biomedical devices can culminate in energy intensity higher than 234 kWh/m2. 2 Evidence from sub-Saharan Africa suggests that power ...outages longer than 2 h increase inpatient mortality by up to 43%. ...cold temperatures can deteriorate cardiovascular, respiratory, and mental health conditions across all ages. 4 People with limited resources for heating might resort to CO-emitting self-manufactured heaters, a practice with marked mortality. 5 Similarly, the reduction of street lighting can significantly increase traffic injuries. ...the production of magnesium has already been reduced due to power outages in China, one of the major suppliers of the material. 10 RECOMMENDATIONS Action is needed to safeguard individual and population health, and to secure the medical technology industry and supply chains amidst the upcoming energy crisis. The EU and its member states are still striving to recover from the health sequelae of the COVID-19 pandemic. ...it is pivotal to mitigate the impact of the energy crisis on
Introduction: Intense research on dementia has been conducted during the last years. As advances in the field have started changing the landscape of dementia treatment, it is necessary to assess the ...impact of novel therapeutic modalities.
Purpose: The current evidence about hypoxic – hyperoxic treatment for dementia is reviewed in this article.
Methods: We conducted a thorough PubMed/MEDLINE and Google Scholar search.
Results: Preclinical and clinical data are available. Hypoxic – hyperoxic treatment is encouraged in the context of the multimodal treatment of dementia. There are concerns about the recovery of memory with regard to specific modalities of this treatment. Future perspectives are highlighted in the light of potentially useful biomarkers and health policy.
Conclusion: While constant updates and further research is critical to understand the impact of hypoxic – hyperoxic treatment in dementia, the available studies are limited and, hence, research that is more extensive is necessary. Currently, it is important to assess the current state of knowledge highlighting the success but also the stalemates of this treatment
Is it about time to develop social surgery? Tsagkaris, Christos; Papadakis, Marios; Matiashova, Lolita
The American journal of surgery,
January 2023, 2023-01-00, 20230101, Letnik:
225, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
The need for social surgery is nowadays more dire than ever, due to the exponential increase of the driving factors of surgical diseases in modern societies. During the last decades, high rates of ...urbanization have been linked to increased incidence of colon, liver, pancreas cancer and appendicitis.9 Sedentary lifestyle and obesity have translated into higher orthopedic surgical volumes.10 Climate change has jeopardized surgical supply chains, influenced surgery and pregnancy complications and increased the risk for massive trauma in the context of natural disaster.11 Finally, the COVID-19 pandemic has put a strain on surgical care and training, prolonged surgical waiting lists, hindered operable non - communicable diseases’ (NCDs) screening and early diagnosis.12 Even though innovation in surgery has made big leaps in personalizing surgical planning, advancing minimally invasive approaches and improving surgical outcomes, the risk of losing the race to the mounting drivers of surgical morbidity is significant. This sets a reminder of the hippocratic doctrine of prevention over treatment, in the sense that preventing surgical disease and their complications can safeguard the access of those with non - preventable disease to better surgical care.
PDF
