Recent reports revealed an increased rate of hospitalization and mortality of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) among patients with psychiatric disorders. On the other hand, there is a link between ...latent infections, including Toxoplasma gondii, herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV‐1) and cytomegalovirus (CMV) with psychiatric disorders. We individually assessed data regarding 1) the mortality rate of COVID‐19 among individuals with psychiatric disorders; 2) the association of latent infections in COVID‐19 patients and 3) the association between latent infections and psychiatric disorders. We developed the hypothesis that latent infection could increase the risk of severe COVID‐19 among patients with psychiatric disorders. Cumulative evidence proposed that infection with toxoplasmosis, CMV and HSV‐1 could increase the risk of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐Co‐V2) infections among patients with psychiatric disorders probably by induction of hyperinflammatory conditions. These infections are also associated with hyperinflammation and T cell exhaustion, which has also been observed in both schizophrenia and COVID‐19. This hypothesis provides new insights into the role of latent infections in increasing the mortality rates of COVID‐19 among individuals with psychiatric disorders. Strategies for screening, early diagnosis and treatment of these infections could be recommended for COVID‐19 patients with a background of psychiatric disorders.
The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has led to high morbidity and mortality worldwide. Vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 is a leading ...strategy to change the course of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Our aim was to investigate the efficacy and side effects of the Sinopharm vaccine in patients with hemoglobinopathies in Iran and the frequency of breakthrough infection after a full course of vaccination.
A multicenter cross-sectional study of 434 patients with hemoglobinopathies (303 β-thalassemia major, 118 β-thalassemia intermedia, and 13 sickle-thalassemia) were conducted from March to July 2021 in IRAN. All patients have received the first dose of the China Sinopharm vaccine and received the second dose of the vaccine 28 days apar.
Detection of immunity after vaccination was evaluated by commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (Pishtazteb ELISA commercial kit), including a surrogate virus neutralization test (sVNT), for detection of SARS-CoV-2 immunoglobulins (IgA, IgM, IgG), total neutralizing antibody (NAb).
The mean age of patients was 35.0 ± 8.5 (from 18 to 70) years, and 55.6% were positive for the antibody. Overall, 48.2% of the studied population had at least one side effect after vaccination. The most frequent side effects were fever and chills, dizziness, and body pain. A total of 90 (20.7%) vaccinated patients developed breakthrough infections after two doses of Sinopharm vaccination. Disease severity was recorded, and it was classified as mild in 77.8%, moderate in 13.6%, and severe in 7.4% of patients. One 28-year-old woman with β-thalassemia major died eight days after diagnosing a breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 infection.
No safety concerns were identified in patients who received two doses of the Sinopharm vaccine. Its efficacy was not optimal due to the lack of effect on new variations of the virus. However, our data show that it seems to be protective against the severity of COVID-19 infection in patients with hemoglobinopathies. The frequency of breakthrough infections after two doses of Sinopharm vaccination supports the evolving dynamic of SARS-CoV-2 variants requiring special challenge since such infection may represent a risk for vulnerable patients.
Endocrine dysfunction is not uncommon complication in patients with transfusion-dependent thalassemia and is thought to occur as a consequence of excessive iron overload. The primary objective of ...this study is to determine the frequency of adrenal insufficiency in patients with thalassemia major and thalassemia intermediate.
This cross-sectional study was done at the Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Southern Iran, in 2013. One hundred and ninety patients were divided into two groups; thalassemia major(TM) and thalassemia intermediate (TI) groups. We measured 8 AM serum cortisol, ACTH and ferritin concentrations in all patients.
The mean age of the TM and TI group were 22.5±5.7 and 23.8±6 years, respectively. 90 patients (47.4%) were splenectomized, 34 (36.2%) with TM and 56 (58.2%) with TI (p :<0.001). The median and interquartile range of serum ferritin levels were 2184±3700 ng/ml and 437±443ng/ml in TM and TI respectively (p< 0.001). Three patients with TM (1.6%) had low basal cortisol and ACTH levels. However, their cortisol response to ACTH stimulation was normal.
Low basal concentrations of cortisol and ACTH occurred in 1.6% of our adolescents young adult patients with TM suggesting a central defect in cortisol secretion at the basal state. However, cortisol response to standard - dose ACTH was normal in all patients with TM and TI.
OBJECTIVES:To report the neuropathologic features of a patient with neuro-Behçet disease and to review the literature.
METHODS:Herein, we describe a 35-year-old male who fulfills the International ...Study Group criteria for Behçet disease.
RESULTS:The patient developed headache and hemiparesis in a subacute course. His neurologic examination revealed an altered level of consciousness and unilateral corticospinal signs. The brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed areas with increased signal intensity in the basal ganglia and cerebral peduncles in T2-weighted and fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) images. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis showed mononuclear pleocytosis but normal protein and glucose levels. After his death, the patientʼs autopsy revealed a perivascular infiltration of mononuclear inflammatory cells, most prominently in basal ganglia, midbrain, and thalamic regions and the subarachnoid space, consistent with presentations of neuro-Behçet disease.
CONCLUSION:Pathologic findings of central nervous system involvement in Behçet disease mainly include perivascular infiltration with lymphocytes, neutrophils and rarely, eosinophils, with or without signs of necrosis. The most common sites of brain involvement include the brainstem and basal ganglia. Nonetheless, other areas can also be involved.
Abstract
Giardia duodenalis is one of the major causes of diarrhea among children. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the prevalence of G. duodenalis and associated risk ...factors among Asian children. We searched online databases (PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science) and Google Scholar search engine for studies published from 1 January 2000 to 15 March 2022 that measured the prevalence of G. duodenalis among Asian children. Accordingly, the pooled prevalence and 95% CIs were estimated using a random-effects meta-analysis model for the included studies. A total of 182 articles from 22 Asian countries met the inclusion criteria. The pooled prevalence of G. duodenalis infection among Asian children was estimated as 15.1% (95% CI 14.1 to 16%). The highest and lowest pooled prevalence values of G. duodenalis infection were estimated for Tajikistan and China as 26.4% (95% CI 22.9 to 30%) and 0.6% (95% CI 0.001 to 1.02%), respectively. The infection had a higher prevalence in males than in females (OR=1.24; 95% CI 1.16 to 1.31; p<0.001), which was statistically significant. Giardiasis is common among Asian children, hence, a prevention and control scheme of this protozoan in children should be considered by health officials and health policymakers, especially in Asian countries where the prevalence is highest.
Introduction: The emergence of the novel Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) sparked an unprecedented effort to develop effective vaccines against the disease. Some factors may boost the vaccine ...efficacy, including sufficient sleep and morning vaccination. We aimed to conduct a rapid systematic review to summarize data regarding the association between sleep and time of vaccination with immunity after vaccination. Materials and Methods: The systematic review was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) protocol, and three databases (PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus) were searched up to March 12, 2022. Results: Eight studies were included regarding the sleep and immune response after vaccination, of them, five studies were on influenza, two studies on hepatitis A (HAV), and one study on hepatitis B. Accordingly, six out of eight studies found a positive correlation between sleep and immune response after vaccination. Regarding the time of vaccination, seven studies were eligible to be included (two studies on influenza, one study on HAV and influenza, one study on BCG, one study on hexavalent vaccine, and two studies on SARS-CoV-2 vaccine). Among them, four out of seven studies (including a study on SARS-CoV-2 inactivated vaccine) reported the priorities of morning versus afternoon vaccination regarding antibody production and immune response after vaccination. Conclusion: Taken together, cumulative evidence suggests that sufficient sleep and vaccination in the morning could enhance the immune response after vaccination. Hence, modulating the time of vaccination and sufficient sleep could a be simple and applicable strategy for increasing vaccine efficacy. Future studies could be performed with SARS-CoV-2 vaccines to investigate the effects of time of vaccination and sufficient sleep on COVID-19 vaccine efficacy.
Giardia duodenalis (G. duodenalis) is one of the major causes of diarrhea among children. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the prevalence of G. duodenalis and associated ...risk factors among African children.
We searched online databases (PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science) as well as the Google Scholar search engine for studies measured the prevalence of G. duodenalis among African children, published between 1 January 2000 and 15 March 2022. Due to high heterogeneity among the included studies, a random-effects meta-analysis model was employed to estimate pooled prevalence and 95% confidence intervals (CI).
A total of 114 articles from 29 African countries met the inclusion criteria. The pooled prevalence of G. duodenalis infection among African children was estimated as 18.3% (95% CI: 16.5–20.2). The highest and lowest pooled prevalence of G. duodenalis infection were estimated in Niger and Cameroon as 65.1% (55–75.2) and 0.08% (0.02–1.05), respectively. Considering the type of study population, the highest prevalence was related to, iron-deficient children 65.2% (61.3–69.1), handicapped children 30.4% (18.3–42.4), HIV infected children 25.7% (11.2–40.2) and displaced children 20.2% (16.5–23.9).
Giardiasis is common among African children, hence, prevention and control scheme of this protozoan in children should be considered by health officials and health policymakers, especially in African countries where prevalence is highest.
بررسی آگاهی و عملکرد مادران در برابر عفونت های حاد تنفسی در کودکان شهرستان جهرم Sara Matin; Negar Shaterian; Navid Kalani ...
Majallah-i ṭibb-i ūrzhāns-i Īrān = Iranian journal of emergency medicine : faṣlnāmah-i rasmī-i Dipārtimān-i Ṭibb-i Ūrzhāns-i Dānishgāh-i ʻUlūm-i Pizishkī-i Shahīd Bihishtī,
12/2022, Letnik:
9, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
مقدمه: عفونت حاد تنفسی یکی از علل اصلی بیماری های کودکان است که اغلب منجر به عوارض جدی سلامتی و مرگ و میر کودکان زیر پنج سال می شود. بنابراین هدف از انجام این مطالعه بررسی آگاهی و عملکرد مادران در ...برابر عفونت های حاد تنفسی در کودکان شهرستان جهرم می باشد. روش کار: در این مطالعه ی توصیفی-مقطعی 75 نفر از کودکان مبتلا به عفونت های حاد تنفسی مراجعه کننده به کلینیک هنری شهرستان جهرم در سال 1401 انجام شد. ابزار جمع آوری اطلاعات در این مطالعه شامل پرسشنامه اطلاعات دموگرافیک و پرسشنامه اگاهی و عملکرد مادران در مورد عفونت های حاد تفسی کودکان می باشد. نتایج: میانگین سن مادران شرکت کننده در این مطالعه برابر با 4.77±35 می باشد. اکثریت مادران (54.8 %) اظهار کردند که نسبت به نشانه های خطر اطلاعی ندارند. متغیرهای خودکارآمدی، اقدامات در زمان ابتلا به عفونت تنفسی، اقدامات در زمان ابتلا به اسهال و اقدامات در زمان ابتلای کودک به تب و تشنج بین مادران رده های سنی مختلف تفاوت معنی داری وجود دارد (P<0.05). در زمینه اقدامات در زمان ابتلا به عفونت تنفسی بیشترین نمره متعلق به مادران رده سنی 35 تا 40 سال بود. در زمینه اقدامات در زمان ابتلا به اسهال نیز بیشترین نمره متعلق به مادران رده سنی 35 تا 40 سال بود. در زمینه اقدامات در زمان ابتلای کودک به تب و تشنج هم بالاترین نمره به مادران همین رده سنی تعلق داشت. در پاسخ به این سوال که "درصورت وجود نشانه های خطر در کودکتان چه اقدامی انجام می دهید؟" اکثر مادران بیان داشتند به پزشک یا مراکز درمانی مراجعه میکنند (70.7 % به صورت فوری و 28 % به صورت غیر فوری). نتیجه گیری: نتایج مطالعهی حاضر حاکی از آن است که میزان عملکرد مادران در برابر عفونت های حاد تنفسی در فرزندان خود، نیازمند نگرش و آگاهی مادران است که این دو مورد نیز با میزان تحصیلات و سن مادران مرتبط است. بنابراین تنظیم و تدوین برنامههای آموزشی به مادران جهت آموزش نشانههای خطر در کودکان همانند عفونتهای تنفسی، اسهال، تب، و تشنج باید در صلاح دید مراکز آموزشی و بهداشتی قرار گیرد.
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