Recent studies have demonstrated that microRNAs (miRNAs) are stably detectable in blood and can serve as useful biomarkers for cancer.
We performed an miRNA array using serum samples obtained from ...oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) patients or healthy controls. MiR-1246 was the most markedly elevated in ESCC patients. Therefore, miR-1246 was selected as a candidate for further analysis. The serum miR-1246 level in 46 healthy controls and 101 ESCC patients was evaluated and compared among various clinicopathological characteristics. MiR-1246 expressions in tissue, exosomal, and cellular samples were also examined.
Serum miR-1246 alone yielded an receiver-operating characteristic curve area of 0.754, with 71.3% sensitivity and 73.9% specificity for distinguishing ESCC patients from healthy controls. Serum miR-1246 was significantly correlated with the TNM stage and showed to be the strongest independent risk factor for poor survival (HR, 4.032; P=0.017). Unlike the tendency shown in previous reports, miR-1246 was not upregulated in ESCC tissue samples. Furthermore, exosomal miR-1246 did not reflect the abundance in the cell of origin.
These data support our contention that serum miR-1246 has strong potential as a novel diagnostic and prognostic biomarker in ESCC, and its releasing mechanism is selective and independent of tissue miRNA abundance.
Background
Previous studies have reported that patients undergoing oesophagectomy in high‐volume hospitals experience lower mortality rates. However, there has been ongoing discussion regarding the ...validity of evidence for this association. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between hospital volume and risk‐adjusted mortality following oesophagectomy in Japan, using a nationwide web‐based database.
Methods
The study included patients registered in the database as having undergone oesophagectomy with reconstruction between 2011 and 2013. Outcome measures were 30‐day and operative mortality rates. Logistic regression analysis was used to adjust for hospital volume, surgeon volume and risk factors for mortality after oesophagectomy.
Results
A total of 16 556 oesophagectomies at 988 hospitals were included; the overall unadjusted 30‐day and operative mortality rates were 1·1 and 3·0 per cent respectively. The unadjusted operative mortality rate in hospitals performing fewer than ten procedures per year (5·1 per cent) was more than three times higher than that in hospitals conducting 30 or more procedures annually (1·5 per cent). Multivariable models indicated that hospital volume had a significant effect on 30‐day (odds ratio 0·88 per 10‐patient increase; P = 0·012) and operative (odds ratio 0·86 per 10‐patient increase; P < 0·001) mortality.
Conclusion
In Japan, high‐volume hospitals had lower risk‐adjusted 30‐day and operative mortality rates following oesophagectomy compared with low‐volume hospitals.
Volume outcome effect evident in Japan
In this study, we utilized the surface freezing transition of mixed adsorbed films of cetyltrimethylammonium chloride (CTAC) and hexadecane at the isopropyl palmitate (IPP)–aqueous interface to ...encapsulate IPP in a stable oil-in-water (OW) emulsion droplets. IPP is a widely used emollient oil in cosmetic creams; however, as often seen in oily ingredients in cosmetics, it is also surface-active and adsorbs at the oil–water interface. Therefore, under normal experimental conditions, surfactant emulsifier and cosmetic oil form a mixed adsorbed film at the OW emulsion surfaces. However, such films typically do not enhance emulsion stability and for that purpose we used a 1:9 mixture of hexadecane and IPP as oil phase together with CTAC as surfactant. The interfacial tension of the oil phase against CTAC aqueous solution as a function of CTAC concentration and temperature shows three distinctive interfacial phases: disordered mixed adsorbed film of CTAC and IPP (surface liquid) and two surface frozen monolayers in which CTAC or IPP expelled the other and gives rise to a highly ordered and stiff hydrocarbon chain layer with incorporated hexadecane molecules. The compositional transition of the surface frozen monolayer of IPP and that of CTAC occurred as the CTAC concentration increased in the aqueous phase. Above the transition concentration, an enhanced OW emulsion stability was observed, whereas IPP surface frozen monolayer forms only kinetically unstable emulsions. From these findings, we suggest the potential use of surface frozen films of CTAC to encapsulate surface-active cosmetic oils stably in the OW emulsions, which in addition have the property that the stability can be controlled by temperature.
Graphical Abstract
Amplification and overexpression of the miR-17-92 microRNAs (miRNA) cluster at 13q31.3 has recently reported, with pointers to functional involvement in the development of B-cell lymphomas and lung ...cancers. In the present study, we show that inhibition of miR-17-5p and miR-20a with antisense oligonucleotides (ONs) can induce apoptosis selectively in lung cancer cells overexpressing miR-17-92, suggesting the possibility of 'OncomiR addiction' to expression of these miRNAs in a subset of lung cancers. In marked contrast, antisense ONs against miR-18a and miR-19a did not exhibit such inhibitory effects, whereas inhibition of miR-92-1 resulted in only modest reduction of cell growth, showing significant distinctions among miRNAs of the miR-17-92 cluster in terms of their roles in cancer cell growth. During the course of this study, we also found that enforced expression of a genomic region, termed C2, residing 3' to miR-17-92 in the intron 3 of C13orf25 led to marked growth inhibition in association with double stranded RNA-dependent protein kinase activation. Finally, this study also revealed that the vast majority of C13orf25 transcripts are detected as Drosha-processed cleavage products on Northern blot analysis and that a novel polyadenylation site is present 3' to the miR-17-92 cluster and 5' to the C2 region. Taken together, the present findings contribute towards better understanding of the oncogenic roles of miR-17-92, which might ultimately lead to the future translation into clinical applications.
Mixed adsorbed film of cationic surfactant and linear alkane at the air-water interface shows two-dimensional phase transition from surface liquid to surface frozen states upon cooling. This surface ...phase transition is accompanying with the compression of electrical double layer due to the enhancement of counterion adsorption onto the adsorbed surfactant cation and therefore induces the thinning of the foam film at fixed disjoining pressures. However, by increasing the disjoining pressure, surfactant ions desorb from the surface to reduce the electric repulsion between the adsorbed films on the both sides of the foam film. As a result, the foam film stabilized by the surfactant-alkane mixed adsorbed films showed unique thickening transition on the disjoining pressure isotherm due to the back reaction to the surface liquid films. In this review, we will summarize all these features based on the previously published papers and newly obtained results.
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•Mixed adsorbed film of surfactant and alkane shows freezing transition upon cooling.•Surface freezing transition induces thinning transition of foam film.•Unique foam film thickening is observed with increasing disjoining pressure.•Mechanical strength of surface frozen film stabilizes the oil-in-water emulsions.
People make anticipatory changes in gait patterns prior to initiating a rapid change of direction. How they prepare will change based on their knowledge of the maneuver. To investigate specific and ...general strategies used to facilitate locomotor maneuvers, we manipulated subjects' ability to anticipate the direction of an upcoming lateral "lane-change" maneuver. To examine specific anticipatory adjustments, we observed the four steps immediately preceding a maneuver that subjects were instructed to perform at a known time in a known direction. We hypothesized that to facilitate a specific change of direction, subjects would proactively decrease margin of stability in the future direction of travel. Our results support this hypothesis: subjects significantly decreased lateral margin of stability by 69% on the side ipsilateral to the maneuver during only the step immediately preceding the maneuver. This gait adaptation may have improved energetic efficiency and simplified the control of the maneuver. To examine general anticipatory adjustments, we observed the two steps immediately preceding the instant when subjects received information about the direction of the maneuver. When the maneuver direction was unknown, we hypothesized that subjects would make general anticipatory adjustments that would improve their ability to actively initiate a maneuver in multiple directions. This second hypothesis was partially supported as subjects increased step width and stance phase hip flexion during these anticipatory steps. These modifications may have improved subjects' ability to generate forces in multiple directions and maintain equilibrium during the onset and execution of the rapid maneuver. However, adapting these general anticipatory strategies likely incurred an additional energetic cost.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
FSCN1 and matrix metalloproteinase 14 (MMP14) are both invadopodia-related proteins. We herein elucidate the tumourigenicity of these proteins and identify novel therapeutic agents in esophageal ...squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC).
FSCN1 and MMP14 were evaluated by immunohistochemistry and quantitative PCR, and microRNA (miR)-133a was also evaluated by PCR in surgical ESCC specimens. The roles of FSCN1, MMP14 and miR-133a were established in ESCC cells.
The expression of FSCN1 or MMP14 was an independent poor prognostic factor according to a multivariate analysis of immunohistochemistry, and their co-expression correlated with the poorest overall survival (OS) out of all the examined factors. Additionally, their mRNAs significantly correlated and both inversely correlated with miR-133a in surgical specimens. Transfection of a miR-133a mimic decreased the mRNA and protein levels of both FSCN1 and MMP14 in ESCC cells. The knockdown of FSCN1 or MMP14 and transfection of a miR-133a mimic inhibited the proliferation and invasion of ESCC cells. Patients with a lower miR-133a expression have a significantly poorer OS than those with a higher expression.
The combined expression of FSCN1 and MMP14 is associated with a poor prognosis, and miR-133a, which regulates their mRNAs, can serve as a strong tumour suppressor of ESCC.
The accumulation of senescent cells within tissues can potentially lead to biological dysfunction and manifestation of disease associated with ageing. The majority of senescent cells display a ...commonly altered secretome similar to a wound healing response (termed the senescence-associated secretory phenotype or SASP), which could have deleterious implications on the tissue microenvironment. However, senescent cells also appear to have a cell-type (or even cell-strain) exclusive senescent phenotype (CESP), an area of research that is underexplored. One such CESP is the pro-calcificatory phenotype recently reported in senescent vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Senescent VSMCs have been shown to overexpress genes and proteins (including RUNX-2, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), type I collagen and BMP-2) associated with osteoblasts, leading to partial osteoblastic transdifferentiation. As such, it has been suggested that senescent VSMCs contribute to cardiovascular dysfunction through induction of vascular calcification. This review discusses recent findings on VSMC senescence and their potential role in the pathophysiology of vascular calcification.
►(1) Senescent vascular smooth muscle cells adopt an osteoblastic phenotype. ►(2) Role of VSMC senescence in the pathophysiology of vascular calcification. ►(3) Cell-type exclusive senescent phenotype (CESP) in ageing and disease development.
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In this paper, the thickness and stability of common black films (CBFs) in two ionic–nonionic mixed surfactant systems were compared based on the phase diagram of the adsorbed film. ...The mixed surfactant systems examined were (1) cetyltrimethylammonium chloride (CTAC) – n-dodecyl-β-D-maltoside (β-C12G2) and (2) lithium perfluorooctanesulfonate (LiFOS) – tetraethyleneglycolmonooctyl ether (C8E4) systems. When the attraction between the two surfactants in the adsorbed film was weak, the foam film collapsed as the observed bulk composition of the nonionic surfactant, X^2, became 0.09 in system (1). However, the CBF of system (2) was stable up to X^2 > 0.96 due to the strong synergism between the ionic and nonionic surfactants maintaining a high ionic surfactant composition in the adsorbed film, thus leading to a high surface charge density that stabilize the CBF.
Normal Oral Flora and the Oral Ecosystem Samaranayake, Lakshman, DSc, DDS, FRCPath, FDSRCS, FDSRCPS, FRACDS; Matsubara, Victor H., PhD, DDS, MSc
The Dental clinics of North America,
04/2017, Letnik:
61, Številka:
2
Journal Article
Recenzirano
The oral ecosystem comprises the oral flora, so-called oral microbiome, the different anatomic microniches of the oral cavity, and its bathing fluid, saliva. The oral microbiome comprises a group of ...organisms and includes bacteria, archaea, fungi, protozoa, and viruses. The oral microbiome exists suspended in saliva as planktonic phase organisms or attached to oral surfaces as a plaque biofilm. Homeostasis of the plaque biofilm and its symbiotic relationship with the host is critical for oral health. Disequilibrium or dysbiosis within the plaque biofilms is the initiating event that leads to major oral diseases, such as caries and periodontal disease.
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